Objective To investigate the differential diagnosis of pleural effusions with CT density.Methods to meas- ure the CT density of 67 cases of tuberculo-pleural effsions and malignant pleural effusions.Results tuberculo-pleu- rai effsions and malignant pleural effusions are difference.Conclusion CT density of pleural effusions is helpful to dif- ferentiate tuberculo-pleural effsions between malignant pleural effsions.

Objective To investigate the effects of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)expression on pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and to find new target for gene therapy.Methods After liposome-mediated small interference RNA (siRNA) transfection into rat retinal endothelial cells,the cells were cultured in medium with CoCl2-induced hypoxic condition.Expression of HIF-1α mRNA was determined by fluorenscence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),HIF-1α protein expression was detected by Western Blot after cocultured for 8 hours.Cell proliferation was measured with 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiazol (-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay after cocultured for 24 hours.Difference between groups was compared with independent samples t test.Results Rat retinal vascular endothelial cells were successfully transfected with siRNA.Fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR results showed that at 48 hours of transfection,the expression of HIF-1α mRNA in the interference group of siRNA1,siRNA2 and siRNA4 were 0.1620 ± 0.0147,0.2034 ± 0.0251 and 0.3049 ± 0.0165,which were 16.20％,20.34 ％ and 30.49％ of blank control group (1.0000±0.0344),and were lower than that of negative control group (0.8334±0.0242) (t=16.786,8.953 and 4.087,P＜0.05 respectively).Western Blot results showed that HIF-1α protein expression was significantly inhibited by siRNA1(0.4956 ± 0.0421 ) and siRNA2 (0.6544 ± 1.0032) comparing with blank control group (3.5105 ±0.4084) and negative control group (3.4019 ± 1.0677) (t =6.861,2.893,4.567 and 5.072,P＜0.05 respectively).As for cellular proliferation activity,(49.5±2.9) ％ and (67.4±1.2) ％ of cells growth inhibition were observed after transfection with siRNA1 and siRNA2,which were higher than those of negative control group [(15.7±1.5) ％ ] (t=2.786 and 6.904,P＜0.05).Conclusions The synthetic HIF-1α siRNA could effectively inhibit the expression of HIF-1α gene and reduce cell proliferation in rat retinal endothelial cells under hypoxic condition.RNA interference technology targeting HIF-1α might become a new strategy for gene therapy of ROP.

Objective: To explore current status of antithrombotic therapy in patients with non-valvular atrial ifbrillation (NVAF) at Macau area of china via clinical data analysis.
Methods: A total of 472 NVAF patients treated in Centro Hospitalar Conde de S?o Januário (CHCSJ) from 2014-01 to 2041-12 were enrolled. The patients were at the age of (73.0±10.9) years including 197 (41.7%) female and 244 (51.7%)≥75 years. The baseline condition, clinical characteristics and antithrombotic therapy were analyzed; relevant scores were calculated, CHA2DS2-VASc score≥2 was deifned as high risk of stroke and HAS-BLED score≥3 was deifned as high risk of bleeding.
Results: The average CHA2DS2-VASc score was (3.4±1.8) and 389/472 (82.4%) patients with CHA2DS2-VASc scor≥2; the mean HAS-BLED score was (1.96±1.03) and 132 (28.0%) patients with HAS-BLED score≥3. There were 184 (38.9%) patients received antiplatelet therapy, 101 (21.4%) received warfarin, 156 (33.1%) received new oral anticoagulant drug and 22 patients taken both antiplatelet and anticoagulant treatments simultaneously; 53 (11.2%) patients had no antithrombotic therapy. The patients with high risk of stroke had the higher rate of anticoagulant therapy (215/472, 55.3%) and the application rate of new anticoagulant drug was higher than warfarin.
Conclusion: NVAF patients had the higher risk of stroke as more than 80% with CHA2DS2-VASc score≥2 and most patients received anticoagulant therapy in Macau area. The application rate of new anticoagulant drug was higher than warfarin.

Objective To investigate serum uric acid (UA) levels and related clinical features in patients with high risk syndrome of neuromyelitis optica. Methods UA levels were measured in 51 patients with high risk syndrome of neuromyelitis optica including 34 with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) and 17 with optic neuritis (ON), 48 with neuromyelitis optica (NMO), 45 with other neurological diseases (OND) and 65 with healthy controls (HC). The disability severity was assessed by the expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Spinal lesions were viewed by MRI. Serum aquaporin-4(AQP4) antibody was tested in cell based immunofluorescence assay. Results Serum UA levels in LETM ( ( 189. 84 ±85. 65) μmol/L) and ON patients ( (222. 12 ±61.68) μmol/L) were significantly lower than that in OND ((315.90±71.36) μ mol/L) and HC ((291.05 ±76.64) μ mol/L) subjects (P＜0.01). No difference was found between LETM, ON and NMO groups. UA levels were significantly lower in females ( ( 158.24 ±55.92), (187.00±47.52), (198.21 ±62.62), (274.51 ±70.66)and (243.26±60.65) μmol/L)than in males ( ( 262. 09 ± 101.63 ), ( 262. 45 ± 62. 13 ), ( 298.90 ± 74. 14 ), ( 355.37 ± 50. 30 ) and (340. 34 ±58. 23) μmol/L) in all groups (t=3. 183, 2.578, 4.356, 4.365 and 6.579, all P＜0.05).UA levels in patients with high risk syndrome of NMO were not correlated with mono or relapse course,duration or status of serum AQP4 antibody. UA were negatively correlated with EDSS in patients with LETM (r= -0.714, P＜0.01). Conclusion Lower serum UA levels were found in patients with high risk syndrome of NMO and related to more severe symptoms in LETM group.

Objective To investigate serum uric acid (UA) levels and related clinical characteristics of neuromyelitis optica (NMO). Methods The serum uric acid levels were measured in 65 patients with NMO, compared to control groups which were 76 cases with multiple sclerosis ( MS), 126 cases with cerebral vascular diseases (CVD) and 130 healthy controls(HC). The disability severity in NMO was assessed by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) was performed to strengthen assessment the involved lesions. Serum AQP4 antibody was tested in a cell based immunofluorescence assay. Results In male groups, serum UA levels in NMO patients [ (298.90±74.14) μmol/L] were significantly lower than that in CVD [ (355.37 ±50. 30) μmol/L] and HC subjects [ (340.33 ± 58.23 ) μmol/L, P ＜ 0.05 ]. No difference was found between NMO and MS [ ( 292.36 ±92.95) μmol/L] groups. In female groups, serum UA levels in NMO patients [(198.21 ± 62.62)μmol/L] were significantly lower than that in CVD [(274.51 ± 70.66) μmol/L] and HC subjects [(243.26 ±60.65) μmol/L,P ＜0.05]. No difference was found between NMO and MS [(232.29 ±71.95 ) μmol/L ] groups. UA levels were significantly lower in females [ ( 198.21 ± 62. 62) μ mol/L] than in males [ (298.90 ±74.14) μmol/L]. UA levels were significantly lower in patients with EDSS≥5 [ ( 195.48 ± 83.70 )μmol/L] than EDSS ＜ 5 [ (241.00 ± 63.20)μmol/L] NMO patients. In our study UA levels were not correlated with longitude of spinal lesions, activity revealed by MRI and AQP4 antibody tires.Conclusion Lower serum UA levels were found in patients with NMO and related to more severe symptoms.

Objective To study the expressions of programmed death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in liver injury of acute liver failure (ALF) in rats and the role of PD-1/ PD-L1 in liver inflammatory injury. Methods SD rats were divided into two groups: 6 in normal group and 30 in ALF model group. The ALF models in rats were induced by D-galactosamine (D-Gal). The sera and hepatic tissue samples were collected at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 120 hours after D-Gal injection. Expressions of PD-1 mRNA and PD-L1 mRNA in hepatic tissue samples were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Comparison of measurement data between groups was done by t test. Correlation test was performed using Pearson linear correlation analysis. Results The levels of alanine animotransferase (ALT) and aspartate animotransferase (AST) at 12 h of D-Gal injection were (217. 3±33. 7) U/L and (397. 2± 101.3) U/L, respectively,which were both significantly higher than those in normal group [(30. 5 ±3. 1) U/L and (78. 6±4.2) U/L, respectively; t=-8. 921 and -6. 121, respectively; both P＜0.01] and peaked at 48 h.The expression of PD-1 mRNA in model group at 12 h (0. 385±0. 074) was significantly higher than that in normal group (0. 097±0.009) (t= -7. 725, P＜0.01) , and peaked at 48 h (0. 927±0. 132),then decreased obviously at 72 h. The expression of PD-L1 mRNA in the liver tissue of normal rats was very little, while that in model group was increased gradually over time, then peaked at 48 h (0. 593±0. 105; t =- 10. 076, P＜0. 01). The expressions of PD-1 and PD-L1 were positively correlated with ALT level (r=0. 807 and 0. 792, respectively; both P＜0. 01). Conclusion The expressions of PD-1/PD-L1 may play an important role in liver inflammatory injury in rat model of acute liver failure.

Objective To investigate the effect of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) guided by blood flow reserve score (FFR) on the prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with multiple vessel lesions.Methods From April 2015 to April 2017,three hundred and twenty patients with ACS complicated with multi-vessel disease in the Department of Cardiology,Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital were randomly divided into two groups,160 cases in each group.Flow reserve fraction (FFR) and coronary arteriography alone (CAG) were used to guide PCI treatment (CAG group).The basic data,the success rate of PCI and the number of stent implantation were compared between the two groups.The patients were followed up for 6 months and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was compared between the two groups.Results There was no significant difference in sex,age,type of lesion,risk factors,coexisting diseases,number of lesion vessels and preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (LEVF) between the two groups (P＞0.05).There were no significant differences in the success rate of PCI between FFR group and CAG group (97.7％ (127/130) vs.(99.2％ (129/130)),the time of PCI operation ((95.43±36.24) min vs.(101.36±28.16) min),the length of hospitalization ((6.12±1.74) d vs.(5.94± 1.55) d) ((x2 =1.02,t =1.47,t =1.01,P＞0.05).Compared with CAG group,the number of stents in FFR group ((1.79±0.25) vs.(2.15±0.34)),the amount of contrast agent ((143.42±27.42) ml vs.(184.11± 31.05) ml) were significantly reduced (t =9.73,t =11.22,P ＜ 0.05).Six months after operation,the incidence of target vessel revascularization and major adverse cardiovascular events in FFR group was 3.1％ (4/130).The total incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events was 6.9％ (9/130),significantly lower than that of CAG group (9.2％ (12/130) vs.16.2％ (21/130).The difference was statistically significant (x2 =4.26,x2 =5.43,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion FFR-guided PCI can reduce unnecessary stent implantation,reduce major adverse cardiovascular events and improve the prognosis of ACS patients with multi-vessel disease.

Gibbons have experienced extensive karyotype rearrangements during evolution and represent an ideal model for studying the underlying molecular mechanism of evolutionary chromosomal rearrangements. It is anticipated that the cloning and sequence characterization of evolutionary chromosomal breakpoints will provide vital insights into the molecular force that has driven such a radical karyotype reshuffle in gibbons. We constructed and characterized a high-quality fosmid library of the white-cheeked gibbon (Nomascus leucogenys) containing 192,000 non- redundant clones with an average insert size of 38 kb and 2.5-fold genome coverage. By end sequencing of 100 randomly selected fosmid clones, we generated 196 sequence tags for the library. These end-sequenced fosmid clones were then mapped onto the chromosomes of the white-cheeked gibbon by fluorescence in situ hybridization, and no spurious chimeric clone was detected. BLAST search against the human genome showed a good correlation between the number of hit clones and the number of chromosomes, an indication of unbiased chromosomal distribution of the fosmid library. The chromosomal distribution of the mapped clones is also consistent with the BLAST search result against human and white-cheeked gibbon genomes. The fosmid library and the mapped clones will serve as a valuable resource for further studying gibbons' chromosomal rearrangements and the underlying molecular mechanism as well as for comparative genomic study in the lesser apes.
Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Primers ; genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Library ; Genetic Vectors ; Heterochromatin ; genetics ; Humans ; Hylobates ; genetics ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Sequence Tagged Sites ; Species Specificity ; Y Chromosome ; genetics

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a major public health hazard threatening human health worldwide.Yet, due to its complex pathogenesis, new drug development is difficult, with still insufficient clinical medication.Palmitoylation is a universal posttranslational modification of proteins catalyzed by palmitoyltransferase, affecting their stability, membrane localization and function.Recent studies have shown that palmitoylation is closely associated with NAFLD.This review summarizes the mechanisms of palmitoylation in NAFLD and analyzes the expression levels of the palmitoyltransferase family in liver tissues of NAFLD patients from GEO database, aiming to provide important clues to explore new mechanisms for NAFLD.

Objective:To explore the effect of group visits on health condition among follow-up patients with chronic heart failure.Methods:Totally 126 outpatient follow-up patients with heart failure were divided into intervention group and control group by random number table from 2018 to 2019. The intervention group consisted of 63 cases and control group consisted of 59 cases. The intervention lasted 6 months. The intervention group received group visits, while the control group received routine outpatient follow-up. Medication adherence, quality of life and heart failure related indicators were evaluated at baseline and after 6 months of intervention.Results:At 6 months after intervention, the scores of medication adherence, total quality of life, body, emotion and others dimensions of the intervention group were (5.79±1.38), (30.11±8.22), (12.65±5.53), (5.24±4.57) and (12.22±4.76) points. These scores of the control group were (5.31±1.09), (37.26±9.02), (15.87±5.21), (7.03±5.14), (14.36±5.54) points. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( t values were -4.581-2.161, P<0.05 or 0.01). The BNP and proportion of New York Heart Association (NYHA) I the intervention group were (180.87±174.92) ng/L and 84.1% (53/63). These indicators of the control group were (351.02±268.13) ng/L and 67.8% (40/59). The differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( t value was -4.177, χ2 value was 4.484, P<0.01 or 0.05). Conclusions:Group visits program is an effective management mode to provide intensive patient education and foster peer support, improving medication adherence and quality of life of follow-up patients with heart failure.