The cardinal features of Turner syndrome(TS) are short stature,congenital abnormalities,gonadal dysgenesis.The sex hormone insufficiency lead to infertility and lack of proper development of secondary sex characteristics,it also involves in the frequent osteoporosis and increased cardiovascular risk,state of physical fitness,insulin resistance,body composition,and may play a role in the increased incidence of autoimmunity.Recent researches emphasize the TS patients need for proper sex hormone replacement therapy to improve their quality of life.This review summarizes the effects of estrogen and androgen insufficiency as well as the effects of sex hormone replacement therapy on the whole body of Turner syndrome.

Remote ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning are two new ways to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury.Studies in recent years have shown that it also has significant protective effect for cerebral ischemia.At the appropriate time to give appropriate strength of remote ischemic preconditioning or postconditioning may induce brain ischemic tolerance and thus produce neuroprotection.The procedures of limb ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning are simple,and the clinical application value is higher.This article reviews the protective effect of limb ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning on cerebral ischemia.

The concept of "three-yin and three-yang" in Shanghan Lun (Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases), a classic written by Zhang Zhongjing in Han Dynasty, has been always the focus of dispute in successive dynasties. The essence of "three-yin and three-yang" has not been fully revealed up till now. Through studying the six divisions of day and night, the six diseases, the combination of syndromes, the complicated diseases, the complete recovery time and the space division of "three-yin and three-yang", the authors draw a conclusion that the "three-yin and three-yang" in Shanghan Lun is a concept of time-sequence, which is associated with the location of disease in space. So it is suggested that the "six diseases" in Shanghan Lun is a categorization for exogenous febrile diseases, and this categorization reveals a sort of inner relationship between the emergence, development, transformation of the febrile diseases and the time.

AIM:To establish the quality control for Finger-citron Formula Granule. METHODS: The TLC,HPLC and fingerprint chromatogram were used to make quality standard. RESULTS: The TLC spots were clear and 5,7-dimethoxy-coumarin showed a good linearity at a range of 0.46-4.14 ?g.The average recovery was(99.01%)(n=6) with RSD 1.58%. CONCLUSION: The method could be used as the quality control of Finger-citron Formula Granule.

Objective:To reveal the status and characteristics of psychiatric nursing researches nearly five years in our country and provide some references for psychiatric nursing research development in our country in the future.Methods:The literatures related to psychiatric nursing from 2011 to 2015 were searched in China academic journal network publishing pool.Then the keywords frequency analysis and cluster analysis were conducted by using the bibliography co-occurrence analysis system (Bicomb2.0) and SPSS18.0 software and the analysis results were displayed visually.Results:In 8215 original keywords,after cleaning normatively,6643 keywords reserved finally,and there were 17 high frequency keywords among them.Through the word frequency analysis and cluster analysis,it is found that the psychiatric nursing research nearly five years in China could be classified into three major focus:psychiatric nursing safety management,psychological and rehabilitation nursing with schizophrenia patients,and promoting high quality nursing care to help improve the nursing quality.Conclusion:Psychiatric nursing research in China from 2011 to 2015 focuses on psychiatric nursing safety and quality management,and the patients with schizophrenia have been paid close attention,especially on their psychology and rehabilitation care.

Objective To establish a method for the Determination of Danshensu content in Tongmai Capsules. Methods The content of Danshensu was determined by HPLC on Kromasil C18 Column( 4.6? 250 mm, 5 ? m) . The mobile phase was acetonitri1- 1.2 % water solution of acetic acid (9∶ 91) and the detection wavelength was 280 nm. The theoretical plates should over 3000 according to Danshensu. Results Sodium Danshensu showed a good linearity in the range of 0.288～ 1.152 ? g, r=0.9994. The average recovery was 97.62 % , and RSD was 1.10 % (n=5). Conclusion This method is effective and can be used for the quality control of Danshensu in Tongmai Capsules.

Objective To establish a method for determining the contents of chrysophanol, emodin and sodium Danshensu in Shen An Kang Capsules(SAKC). Methods Chrysophanol and emodin contents were determined on Lichrospher100 C18 column (4.6 mm? 250 mm, 5 ? m) with the mobile phase of Methanol- 0.1 % Perchloric acid (85 ∶ 15) at a flow rate of 1 mL? min-1, and the detection wavelength was 254 nm. Sodium Danshensu content was determined on Kromasil column C18( 4.6 mm? 250 mm, 5 ? m) with the mobile phase of actonenitirile - 1.2 % Glacial acetic acid(8 ∶ 92)at a flow rate of 0.5 mL? min-1, detection wavelength being 280 nm. Results The linearity of emodin was obtained in the range of 0.020 16～ 0.100 80 ? g(r=0.999 6), linearity of chrysophanol obtained in the range of 0.034 56～ 0.172 80 ? g(r=0.999 9)and linearity of sodium Danshensu obtained in the range of 0.144 8～ 0.868 8 ? g(r=0.999 6).The average recovery was 97.70 % with RSD 2.38 % for emodin, 97.69 % with RSD 1.92 % for chrysophanol and 97.52 % with RSD 0.77 % for sodium Danshensu. Conclusion The method is accurate, reproducible , and is helpful for the quality control of Shen An Kang Capsules.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of ropivacaine administered intrathecally on the pulmonary function after caesarean section.MethodsThirty-six ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ parturients,aged 22-34 yr,with body mass index ≤35 kg/m2,undergoing elective cesarean section,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=18 each):bupivacaine group (group B) and ropivacaine group (group R).Spinal anesthesia was performed at L3,4 interspace and 0.5％ bupivacaine 1.8 ml (in cerebrospinal fluid 3 ml) and 1.0％ ropivacaine 1.4 ml (in cerebrospinal fluid 3 ml) were injected into the subarachnoid space over 10 s in groups B and R respectively.Forced vital capacity (FVC),forced expiratory volume first second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured by spirometry before surgery (T0),and at 1,1.5 and 2 h after intrathecal injection (T1-3).The motor block score was recorded at T1-3.It is regarded as the criteria for respiratory dysfunction that the measured values of FVC and FEV1 are lower than their 80 ％ and 70 ％ predicted levels respectively.ResultsFVC and FEV1 were significantly decreased at T1 compared with the baseline value at T0 in both groups (P＜0.05).Compared with that at T1,PEF was significantly increased at T2,3 in group R (P ＜0.05).Compared with group B,PEF at T1 and motor block score atT3 were significantly decreased in group R (P＜0.05).The respiratory dysfunction was not found in both groups.ConclusionSpinal anesthesia with ropivacaine and bupivacaine can inhibit the parameter level of carly pulmonary function afrer caesarean section in parturient without respiratory complications,but the pulmonary function still remains normal.

Zebrafish (Danio rerio), as a new vertebrate model organism, has been widely used in human disease research in recent years, especially in the study of human bone diseases.The zebrafish models show some advantages, such as expression of disease-related genes and application in pharmacodynamic screening and evaluation, etc.It is also of great practical significance for the traditional medicine, which has a characteristic efficacy in the treatment of bone diseases.This paper reviews the research and application of zebrafish in research on bone diseases such as osteoporosis, fracture, osteoarthritis, and so on, aiming to provide some inspiration for the future clinically relevant research.

Background and purpose:Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death throughout the world.When compared with optimal supportive care alone,combination chemotherapy yields a significant advantage in the management of advanced gastric cancer.However,no single regimen has emerged or been accepted as being clearly superior over another.Here we investigated the efficacy and safety of "docetaxel+ cisplatin + fluorouracil" 5-day combination chemotherapy as treatment in patients with advanced gastric cancer.Methods:Between 2004 January and 2005 July,we enrolled 30 patients [males 22,median age 53 years(range 28-72)] with advanced gastric cancer.The regimen consisted of docetaxel 75 mg/m~(2) on day 1,cisplatin 15 mg/ m~(2) on days 1-5,and fluorouracil 500 mg/ m~(2) on days 1-5,every 3 weeks.All patients received over two cycles of this regimen.Results:A total of 99 cycles were administered.Mean cycle number per patient was 3.3.The administered dose intensity of docetaxel was 23.5 mg/m~(2)/week,fluorouracil 735 mg/ m~(2)/week and cisplatin 14.7 mg/ m~(2)/week,which corresponded to 94%,97.5% and 92.3% of planned doses.Of these patients,16(53.3%) achieved a partial response,8(26.6%) stable disease,and 6 patients(20%) showed progressive disease.The median time to progression was 5.1 months.(95% CI 4.1-6.0 months).Median overall survival was 9.9 months.(95% CI 8.1-11.6 months).Leukopenia occurred during 36.7% of cycles(36 of 99 cycles);18.2% grade Ⅰ,10.1% grade Ⅱ,5.0% grade Ⅲ and 3.0% grade Ⅳ.Anemia occurred in 12.1%(12 of 99 cycles);7.1% grade Ⅰ and 5.0% grade Ⅱ.Thrombocytopenia was 15.2%(15 of 99 cycles) and all were grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ.Diarrhea,stomatitis and hypersensitivity occurred in 16.7%(5 out of 30 patients),respectively.Neutropenic fever occurred in two patients(6.7%) and myalgia in nine(30%).Conclusions:Docetaxel combined with fluorouracil and cisplatin is an active and tolerable regimen for the treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer.