Background and purpose:Angiogenesis plays an important part in growth and metastases of breast cancer. Nowadays researchers put more concern about whether endocrine therapy adjusts tumor angiogenesis in breast cancer. Here we investigated the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) expression in breast cancer in response to various stimuli:estradiol(E2) ,ICI182780 and tamoxifen. Methods:We studied the regulation of VEGFmRNA expression in MCF-7 cells stimulated by E2 at different doses and duration by semiquantitative RT-PCR. When ICI182780 and Tamoxifen used alone or in combination with E2,the expression of VEGFmRNA was detected respectively. Results:Dose-dependent experiments indicated that the maximum VEGF mRNA level(0.125?0.006) -(0.112?0.014) was obtained at 1-10 nmol/L.The response of VEGFmRNA expression to E2(1 nmol/L) occurred in a time-dependent manner;the level of VEGF transcripts(0.105?0.009) signifi cantly increased within 2 h and reached a maximum at 6 h(0.140?0.024)(P

Objective To explore the expression and significance of Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) and cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) protein in sinonasal squamoucell carcinoma(SNSCC) .MethodThe immunohistochemical SP method and Western blomethod were adopted to determine the expression of Dkk-1 and Bcl-2 in 30 specimenof SNSC(SNSCgroup) ,38 specimenof sinonasal inverted papillomas(SNIP group) and 20 specimenof middle turbinate mucosa(control group) .ResultThe expression of DKK-1 protein in the SNSCgroup wasignificantly down-regulated compared with the SNIP group and the control group ,while the expression of Bcl-2 protein in the SNSCgroup wasignificantly up-regulated compared with the SNIP group and the control group;in the SNSCgroup ,the positive rateof DKK-1 protein and Bcl-2 protein in the high and middle differentiation group and the low differentiation group were 100 .00% ,68 .75% ,33 .33% and 50 .00% ,62 .50% ,100 .00% respectively ,the differencewere statistically significan(P＜0 .05) .Conclusion Dkk-1 protein may play an importanpromoting role in the developmenand pro-gression procesof SNSC,the expression of Dkk-1 protein hanegative correlation with the expression of Bcl-2 protein in SNSC,which may become new targespoof SNSCgene therapy .

Objective To investigate the correlation between 28-day prognosis and red cell distribution width (RDW) in sepsis patients.Methods This was a prospective observational study.Two hundred and thirteen sepsis patients were consecutively selected,and the patients were divided into 2 groups according to RDW:normal RDW group (RDW ＜ 0.15,160 cases) and high RDW group (RDW≥0.15,53 cases).The general conditions,acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) 1Ⅱ score,sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA),hypersensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP),procalcitonin (PCT),arterial blood lactic acid,liver function injury,renal function injury and 28-day mortality were compared between 2 groups.The independent risk factors of 28-day prognosis were analyzed by multifactor Logistic regression analysis.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to draw the 28-day survival curve,and the survival rate was compared between 2 groups by log-rank test.Results The 28-day mortality in high RDW group (35.8％,19/53) was significantly higher than that in normal RDW group (17.5％,28/160),and there was statistical difference (P =0.007).RDW ≥0.15 was the independent risk factor of 28-day death in sepsis patients (OR =2.634,95％ CI 1.316-5.273,P =0.006).After adjusted by gender,age and other relative factors,RDW≥0.15 was the independent risk factor of 28-day death in sepsis patients (OR =2.895,95％ CI 1.155-7.252,P =0.023).The 28-day accumulative survival rate in high RDW group was significantly lower than that in normal RDW group (50.5％ vs.63.0％),and there was statistical difference (P =0.014).Conclusion The high RDW in sepsis patients is the independent risk factor of 28-day death,and RDW ≥0.15 shows an important predictive value in the prognosis of sepsis patients.

Objective To investigate the impacts of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) on gastric emptying,postprandial blood glucose and insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods Totally 30 T2DM patients and 10 healthy subjects (control group) were randomized to receive SDF-free liquid (500 ml,2092 kJ) and isocalorie SDF liquid (at β-glucan 7.5 g,500 ml,2092 kJ) on two separate days based on a Cross-over order.Gastric emptying was monitored by ultrasomography at intervals of 30 min for 2 hours.Fasting and postprandial blood samples were collected at intervals of 30-60 min for 180 min to determine blood glucose and insulin.Results The proximal gastric emptying was delayed in SDF both in T2DM group (P =0.001)and control group (P =0.037).SDF significantly decreased the area under the curve of postprandial glucose (P =0.001) and insulin (P =0.001) in T2DM group.Postprandial glucose (r=-0.547,P =0.047) and insulin (r =-0.444,P =0.030) had negative correlation with distal emptying of SDF in T2DM patients.The distal gastric emptying was delayed significantly in T2DM patients with HbAlc≥6.5％ (n =13,P =0.021)by SDF.Conclusions SDF can improve the postprandial glucose level,which may be related with the delayed gastric emptying.T2DM patients with higher average blood glucose has remarkably delayed gastric emptying after the administration of SDF.

BACKGROUNDRecently a number of preclinical studies have sparked interest in the concept of exploiting conventional chemotherapeutic drugs as antiangiogenics. Such antiangiogenic activity is achieved by metronomic-dosing (low-dose) protocols. This new target may have some advantages in avoiding toxicity and resistance caused by chemotherapeutic drugs. This study is to test the efficacy of continuous low-dose cyclophosphamide (CTX) for antiangiogenic effect on Lewis lung carcinoma, and investigate its antitumor effect and toxicity.

METHODSC57/BL6 mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma were randomly divided into three groups, receiving low-dose metronomic (LDM) CTX, maximum tolerated dose (MTD) CTX therapy and saline respectively. Tumor growth, weight loss, peripheral white blood cell counts and survival of mice were monitored in each group. At the end of experiment, tumors were resected for immunohistochemical staining. Tumor microvascular density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level were detected by immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTSMVD and VEGF expression of tumors were much lower in the mice received LDM CTX therapy than those in control group and MTD CTX group (P < 0.05). During the experiment, growth delays of tumor were found in the mice received LDM CTX therapy, without apparent body weight loss or leukopenia, and the survival of mice was remarkably prolonged, compared with mice received MTD CTX therapy (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe continuous low-dose regimen of CTX can significantly increase the therapeutic activity with decreased toxicity and prolonged animal survival for lung cancer. It may act as an antiangiogenic and lead to less drug resistance.

Objective: To investigate sleep quality status of train drivers. Methods: By using cluster sampling method, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 1413 train drivers (including passenger train drivers 301, freight train drivers 683, passenger shunting train drivers 350, and high speed train drivers 79) from a railway bureau. The occupational stressors, strains, personalities and sleep quality were measured using occupational stress instruments and effort-reward imbalance questionnaire. Results: The train drivers of poor sleep quality was 48.34%. Sleep quality scores among different among different job category (job title) , exercise, smoking and drinking were statistical significance (P<0.01) . Differences of sleep quality among different educational level, marry status, age, length of service groups weren’t statistical significance (P>0.05) . Correlation analysis revealed that sleep quality score was related negatively to job satisfaction, reward, working stability, promotion opportunities, positive affectivity, esteem and self-esteem scores (r: -0.454, -0.207, -0.329,-0.170, -0.291, -0.103, -0.139, P<0.01 or P<0.05) , positively to social support, effort, role conflict, conflict between groups, conflict in groups, responsibility for person, responsibility for thing, psychological needs, physiological needs, daily stress, negative affectivity, depressive symptoms scores (r: 0.338, 0.524, 0.226, 0.094, 0.182, 0.210, 0.247, 0.190, 0.615, 0.550, 0.345, 0.570, P<0.01) . Nonparametric test found that train drivers of group with high sleep quality score reported higher scores for physiological need, psychological need, effort, role conflict, conflict between groups, social support, daily stress, depressive symptoms, responsibility for person, responsibility for thing, negative affectivity and coping scores than the group of lower sleep quality score (P<0.01) . But reword, job satisfaction, positive affectivity, self-esteem working stability and Promotion opportunities scores were lower than the group of lower sleep quality score (P<0.01) . Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed the risk for more physiological needs, more effort, more depressive symptoms and more daily stress for drivers occured the risk of poor sleep quality were more than two times as high as that of drivers with less physiological needs, less effort, less depressive symptoms and less daily stress (OR=2.905~2.005) . Conclusions Different types of locomotive drivers get different level of sleep quality. Sleep quality was affected by occupational stress largely. Reducing the occupational stress may contribute to improve the sleep quality of train drivers.

Objective: To investigate the current status of job stress in locomotive attendants in a locomotive depot and related influencing factors. Methods: From 2012 to 2013, cluster sampling was used to select 1500 locomotive attendants in a locomotive depot in Zhengzhou Railway Bureau as respondents.The contents of the investigation included general data and occupational information.A job satisfaction questionnaire was used to investigate the degree of satisfaction, a depression scale was used to investigate the frequency of symptoms, and a daily stress scale was used to investigate the frequency of fatigue and stress. Results: There was a significant difference in depression score between locomotive attendants with different ages, working years, degrees of education, working situations of spouse, total monthly family incomes, numbers of times of attendanceat night, monthly numbers of times of attendance,ormonthly attendance times(P<0.05). There was a significant difference in job satisfaction score between locomotive attendants with different ages,working years, degrees of education, working situations of spouse, total monthly family incomes, numbers of times of attendance at night, monthly attendance times,or ways to work(P<0.05). There was a significant difference in daily stress score between locomotive attendants with different ages, working years, marital status,working situations of spouse, total monthly family incomes, types of work,numbers of times of attendance at night,monthly attendance times,attendance times at night,or ways to work(P<0.05). The multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the type of locomotive was positively correlated with job satisfaction(β=1.546)and monthly number of times of attendance,working years,attendance time at night,and degree of education were negatively correlated with job satisfaction(β=-0.185,-0.097,-0.020,and -1.106); monthly number of times of attendance andcommute time were positively correlated with depression(β=0.243 and 0.029); attendance time at night,working situation of spouse,commute time,monthly number of times of attendance,degree of education,and working years were positively correlated with daily stress(β=0.006,0.473,0.010,0.043,0.585, and 0.028). Conclusion Number of times of attendance, attendance time,working years,and spouse are influencing factors for job stress in locomotive attendants. Improvement in work process and care for their personal life help to reduce the level of job stress.

Objective: To investigate the influencing factors for job satisfaction in train drivers. Methods: In March 2012, cluster sampling was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey in 1413 male train drivers (including 301 passenger train drivers, 683 freight train drivers, 350 passenger shunting train drivers, and 79 high-speed train drivers) from a locomotive depot of a railway bureau. The occupational stress instruments, job content questionnaire, and effort-reward imbalance questionnaire were used to analyze job satisfaction, occupational stress factors, stress reaction, individual characteristics, coping strategies, and social support. Results: There were significant differences in job satisfaction score between the drivers with different posts, working years, ages, smoking status, and drinking status (P<0.01). The correlation analysis revealed that job satisfaction score was positively correlated with reward, working stability, promotion opportunity, positive emotion, social support, self-esteem, and coping strategy scores (P<0.01) and negatively correlated with sleep disorders, effort, role conflict, intergroup conflict, responsibility for persons, responsibility for things, psychological needs, physiological needs, daily stress, negative emotion, and depressive symptom scores (P< 0.01). The analysis of variance showed that compared with the moderate and low job satisfaction groups, the high job satisfaction group had significantly higher reward, positive emotion, promotion opportunity, and role ambiguity scores (P<0.01) , as well as significantly lower scores of responsibility for persons and responsibility for things (P<0.01). Compared with the moderate and high job satisfaction groups the low job satisfaction group had significantly higher scores of psychological needs, effort, role conflict, sleep disorders, daily stress, depressive symptom, negative emotion, drug use, intragroup conflict, and social support (P<0.01) , and the moderate job satisfaction group had a significantly higher score of self-esteem than the other two groups (P<0.05). The logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of job dissatisfaction in the drivers with low so-cial support and high daily stress was more than 2 times that in those with high social support and low daily stress (OR=2.176 and 2.171) , and sleep disorders, effort, depressive symptom, low self-esteem, and role conflict were risk factors for job dissatisfaction (OR=1.48-1.625). Conclusion Occupational stress, stress re-sponse, emotion, individual characteristics, and social support have great influence on job satisfaction. Im-proving social support, increasing positive emotion, and reducing occupational stress are main measures for increasing job satisfaction in train drivers.

Objective: To investigate self-esteem status of train drivers. Methods: By using cluster sampling method, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 1 413 train drivers (including passenger train drivers 301, freight train drivers683, passenger shunting train drivers350, and high speed train drivers79) from a railway bureau. The occupational stressors, strains, self-esteem and personalities were measured using occupational stress instruments and effort-reward imbalance questionnaire. Results: The level of self-esteem is medium ofthe train drivers. Sself-esteem scores among different among different job category (job title) , marry status, age, length of service groups were statistical significance (P<0.01) . Differences of self-esteem among different educational level, exercise, smoking and drinking groups weren’t statistical significance (P>0.05) . Correlation analysis revealed that self-esteem score was related positively to job satisfaction (r=0.300) , reward (r=0.842) , working stability (r=0.243) , promotion opportunities (r=0.493) , positive affectivity (r=0.216) , responsibility for human beings (r=0.112) and responsibility for things scores (r=0.108) (P<0.01) , negatively to sleep quality (r=-0.103) , social support (r=-0.212) , role conflict (r=-0.007) , role ambiguity (r=-0.169) , physiological needs (r=-0.115) , daily stress (r=-0.150) , negative affectivity (r=-0.252) , depressive symptoms scores (r=-0.215) (P<0.01) . Nonparametric test found that train drivers of group with low self-esteem score reported higher scores for physiological need, role conflict, role ambiguity, social sleep quality, depressive symptoms, negative affectivity, social support and daily stress scores than the medium and higher groups (P<0.01 or<0.05) . But reword, job satisfaction, positive affectivity, copping stratgy, working stability and promotion opportunities scores were lower than the group of medium and higher groups (P<0.01) . Inter-group conflict scores were insignificance (P>0.05) . Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that low low self-esteem for drivers occured the risk of job dissatisfaction about 1.5 times as high as that of drivers with higher self-esteem (OR=1.476) Conclusion Different types of locomotive drivers get different level of self-esteem. Self-esteem was affected by occupational stress largely.

Objective: To explore relationship between depressive symptoms and occupational stress in locomotive drivers. Methods: By using cluster sampling method, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 1413 train drivers (including passenger train drivers301, freight train drivers 683, passenger shunting train drivers350, and high speed train drivers79) from a railway bureau. The individual factors, depression, occupational stress, strains, personalities, coping strategy and social support were measured using occupational stress instruments, job content questionnaire and effort-reward imbalance questionnaire. Results: CThe differences of depression scores between take exercise and don't exercise groups were statistical significance (P<0.01) . The differences of depression scores among different age, length of service, job category, educational status,marital status, smoking and drinking groups were`t statistical significance (P>0.05) .Correlation analysis revealed that depression score was related negatively to reward, job satisfaction, self-esteem, promotion opportunities, working stability and positively emotions score (P<0.01) , related positively to sleep disorders, effort, physiological needs, psychological need, daily stress, negative emotions, social support, esponsibility for person, responsibility for thing, conflict in the group, role conflict, role ambiguity score (P<0.01) . Nonparametric test analysis found that train drivers with high depression score reported higher psychological need, effort, promotion opportunities, role ambiguity, role conflict, conflict between groups, responsibility for person, responsibility for thing, physiological needs, daily stress, negative emotions, social support and copping strategies than those with moderate and lower depression score (P<0.01) , but the scores of job satisfaction, reword, self-esteem, working stability, positive emotions were lower than other groups those with moderate and lower depression score (P<0.01) . Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed the risk of depression for drivers with more sleep disorder, low social support more than three times as high as that for drivers with few sleep disorder, hing social support (OR=3.615,3.266) .High negative emotions, more psychological need, high daily stress were more than twice times as high as that for drivers with low negative emotions, few psychological need, low daily stress (OR:2.444、2.489、2.065) . Conclusion sleep disorder, low social support and job stress had larger effect on depression. To improve sleep, social support, self-esteem and decrease job stress and negative emotions are main measures of decrease depression for train drivers.