Total 280 non-medical undergraduates (174 males and 106 females) were enrolled in the study from September 2015 to January 2016.Among all participants,132 received comprehensive cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training,including knowledge teaching,video playing and simulation practice (study group),and 148 received knowledge teaching and simulation practice only (control group).Changes of CPR knowledge,skills and willingness were evaluated before and after training,and compared between two groups.The theory scores were increased after the training in both groups (study group: 87.7±5.6 vs.47.9±4.7,P<0.001;control group: 71.6±5.2 vs.48.4±4.9,P<0.001);there was no significantly difference between two groups before the training (P>0.05),however,there was significant difference after the training (P<0.001).The qualified rates of CPR skills were increased after the training in both groups (study group 81.8% vs.26.5%,P<0.001;control group: 68.2% vs.26.4%,P<0.001);there was no significant difference in qualified rates before the training between two groups (P>0.05),however,there was significant difference after the training (P<0.01).The willingness rates of performing CPR were increased after the training in both groups (study group: 64.4% vs.13.6%,P<0.001;control group: 46.6% vs.14.2%,P<0.001);there was no significant difference in willingness level before the training between two groups (P>0.05),however,there was significantly difference after the training (P<0.01).The study shows that comprehensive training can enhance CPR knowledge,skills and willingness for non-medical undergraduates,indicating that it may also be effective for other social groups.

Objective: To explore the effect of lavage with artiifcial cerebrospinal lfuid on neural cell apoptosis and the extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) pathway atfer traumatic brain injury. Methods: A total of 192 SD rats were randomly divided into a sham group, a traumatic brain injury model group, a local artiifcial cerebrospinal lfuid group, and a local saline group. Each group was divided into 4 sub-groups by the sacriifced time at 6 h, 12 h, 1 d and 3 d atfer the operation. hTe phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase 2 (P-ERK2), TNF-α and cellular apoptosis were examined. Results: hTe levels of P-ERK2 protein and TNF-α protein, as well as the number of apoptotic cellsat each time point in the local artiifcial cerebrospinal lfuid group were lower than those in the model group or in the saline group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Lavage with artificial cerebrospinal fluid can reduce apoptosis of neural cells after brain injury through the ERK pathway.

[Objective] To investigate the effect of the ER stress on the process of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease which is induced by methionine-choline deficient diet.[Methods] C57/BL mice were randomly divided into 8 groups (n =10),group 1-4was given normal diet,5-8 group was given MCD diet.Then took one group from both normal diet and MCD diet in the 2nd,4th,6th,8th week,recorded each group's body weight and liver weight.The liver fibrosis and inflammation in mice were analyzed by histopathological staining and NAS.The expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers such as p-PERK,p-eIF2α,CHOP were detected by Western Blot and real time fluorescent quantitative PCR (q-PCR).[Results] ①The ALT and AST in serum,TG and TC in liver tissue were both higher in MCD group,the same as NAS;②The expressions of PERK,eIF2α,CHOP were significantly higher than the nommal diet group,while the GADD34 expression was lower.What's more,as time went by,the difference was more obvious;3.There was a significant correlation between the ERS index and NAS score in MCD group.[Conclusion]The liver damage and inflammatory response was lifted gradually in the mice fed with MCD diet.The ER stress may take an important role in this process.

Objective To detect the changes and clinical significance of the expression of anti‐GPⅡb/Ⅲa and anti‐GPⅠb/ⅠX on anti‐secreting B cells in patient with thrombocytopenia .Methods Expression of anti‐GPⅡb/Ⅲa and anti‐GPⅠb/ⅠX specific autoantibodies in thrombocytopenia were tested with (CBA) .Results There were significantly more circulating anti‐GPⅠ b/ⅠX and anti‐GPⅡb/Ⅲa antibody‐producing B cells in primary ITP(P<0 .05) for all comparisons .For diagnosing primary ITP ,the an‐ti‐GPⅠb/ⅠX had 43% sensitivity and 89% specificity ,whereas the anti‐GPⅡ b/Ⅲ a had 86% sensitivity and 83% specificity . When two tests were combined ,the sensitivity improved to 90% without a reduction in specificity .Conclusion The assay for detec‐ting anti‐GPⅠb/ⅠX is useful for identifying patients with ITP ,but its utility for diagnosing ITP is inferior to the anti‐GPⅡb/Ⅲa assay .

BACKGROUND:Delayed onset muscle soreness is closely related to skeletal muscle micro-injury, but the exact mechanism of skeletal muscle micro-injury is not yet clear. OBJECTIVE:To observe the histomorphological and ultrastructure changes of skeletal muscle micro-injury models induced by eccentric exercise. METHODS: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into quiet control group, immediately after exercise group, post-exercise 24 hours group, post-exercise 48 hours group and post-exercise 72 hours group. In the latter four groups, the rats were subjected to intermittent running on the-16° slope at a speed of 16 m/min: 5 minutes movement, 2 minutes rest and totaly 120 minutes. Rats in the latter four groups were observed immediately, at 24, 48, 72 hours after exercise. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After eccentric exercise, the morphology and ultrastructure of rat’s skeletal muscle were both changed to different extents, and Desmin and Vimentin were dyed off for anti-desmin antibody staining at varying degrees. It indicates that one-time eccentric exercise can cause delayed skeletal muscle micro-injury.

Objective To investigate the serum level of calcium-binding protein A9(S100A9)in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and explore its potential clinical significance. Methods The serum level of S100A9 was measured by ELISA in 79 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and 20 healthy controls (HC). The correlation of S100A9 level and relevant clinical parameters were analyzed. Results The serum level of S100A9 was significantly increase in RA patients than those in HC. The serum level of S100A9 was higher in high disease activity than that in moderate and low disease activity in the RA group. There was a positive correlation in serum S100A9 level and DAS28 score,Rheumatoid factor,tender joint count and swollen joint count. Conclusion The serum level of S100A9 increases in RA patients and correlates with RA activity.

Objective To investigate the level of urinary protein in type 2 diabetic patients with different glucose excursion and investigation the effect of the glucose excursion on early diabetic nephropathy.Methods Fifty-six type 2 diabetes patients were divided into two groups by the level of glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),good glycemic.Patients in control group with HbA1c ＜ 7.0％ and patients in poor glycemic control group with HbA1c ＜ 7.0％.Microalbuminuria,urine transferring (UTRF),α1-microglobulin (α1-MG) and 32-microglobulin(32-MG) were measured.All the patients were monitored using the continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS),and mean amplitude of glucose excursions (MAGE) were analyzed.Patients were divided into two groups by MAGE,one group's MAGE was lower than 3.9 mmol/L,and another group's MAGE was higher than 3.9 mmol/L.Urinary proteins were measured and analyzed in the two groups.Results In the poor glycemic control group,the levels of microalbuminuria,UTRF and albunin/ creatinine(A/C) rate were (81.28 ±44.13) mg/L,(4.54 ± 1.54) mg/L and (22.17 ± 14.52) mg/mmol significantly higher than that in the good glycemic control group((21.63 ± 10.16) mg/L,(2.48 ±0.29) mg/L and (2.05 ± 0.76) mg/mmol; t =4.758,5.360,4.805 ; P ＜ 0.05).Fasting C peptide in the poor glycemic control group was (1.01 ± 0.13) ng/ml,significant lower than that in the good glycemic control group ((1.51 ± 0.21) μg/L;t =4.826;P ＜0.05).The levels of A/C rate,α1-MG and β2-MG in the group with MAGE above 3.9 mmol/L significantly higher than those in the group with MAGE below 3.9 mmol/L(t =4.358,8.641,12.702;P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Both persistent hyperglycemia and blood glucose variability could influent diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To investigate the assciation between hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Methods One hundred and forty-nine T2DM patients were divided into hypertriglyceridemia (n =88) and normal-triglyceridemia (n =61) groups according to triglyceridemia levels,waist circumference (WC),waist to height ratio (WHtR),fasting blood-glucose (FPG),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1 c),uric acid (UA),total cholesterol (TC),fasting insulin (FINS) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were measured and compared between the two groups.Results Compared with the normal-triglyceridemia group,The levels of WC,WHtR,UA,TC,FINS and HOMA-IR of patients in the thypertri-glyceridemia group were significantly higher (Hypertriglyceridemia group:WC(89.51 ±10.31) cm,WHtR 0.55 ±0.06,UA(316.95 ±88.50) μmol/L,TC(5.74 ± 1.72) mmol/L,FINS (8.63 ± 4.91) μU/L,HOMA-IR 4.48 ± 3.14 ; Normal-triglyceridemia group:WC (86.31 ± 7.98) cm,WHtR 0.53 ± 0.05,Uric(275.48 ± 88.36) μmol/L,TC (5.15 ± 1.13) mmol/L,FINS (6.20 ± 3.89) μU/L,HOMA-IR 3.38 ± 2.76; t value were 2.133,2.315,2.815,2.349,2.364,2.221 ; P ＜ 0.05) ; HOMA-IR correlated positively with WC (r =0.233,P ＜ 0.01),WHtR(r =0.268,P ＜ 0.01),BMI (r =0.161,P ＜ 0.05),FPG(r=0.442,P ＜0.01),AST(r=0.169,P ＜0.0S),UA (r =0.907,P ＜0.01),TG(r =0.220,P ＜0.01)and FINS(r =0.907,P ＜0.01).Conclusion T2DM with hypertriglyceridemia increased insulin resistance.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of dural tenting suture and epidural drainage in craniotomy. Methods In 145 cases of intracranial lesions, dural tenting suture and epidural drainage were performed to prevent epidural hematoma. Results Postoperative computed tomography (CT) showed no epidural hematoma required surgery in both groups. Conclusion Both dural tenting suture and epidural drainage are effective in preventing epidural hematoma. Hemostasis is the key step. Dural tenting suture without epidural drainage relieves psychological stress. It decreases the risk of intracranial infection and avoids some unusual complications.

ObjectiveTo study the types of anatomical variations of hepatic arteries. Methods Hepatic arteries of 64-slice spiral CT scanning data were three-dimensional constructed by using self-designed software. The types of anatomical variations were analyzed and classified with Michels' classification criteria. Results The model presented with realistic profile of hepatic arteries which allowed vivid three-dimensional observation. Of these patients, 40 had normal hepatic arteries (60.61%), 26 had variations (39.39%), and 5 had infrequent aberrant hepatic arteries that was not included in Michels' classification (7.58%). Conclusion Three-dimensional model of hepatic arteries can volumetricly display the anatomical variations of hepatic arteries.