Objective To estimate the status of secondhand smoking (SHS) among restaurant workers in Shanghai and explore its impact on health. Methods A random sample of 242 workers from 33 restaurants was selected to participate in the face to face interview. Results There were 90.7% restaurant workers suffered SHS during working with mean exposed time of 23.9?18.6 hours per week. The exposure time each week was positively associated with the symptom of dyspnea and irritated eyes, and the odds ratios were 1.03 (95%CI: 1.01~1.06) and 1.02 (95%CI: 1.01~1.03), respectively. There were 70.7% surveyed participants supported the concept of smoke-free restaurants. Conclusion The restaurant workers in Shanghai suffered from SHS seriously which result in impairment of respiratory system.

Objective To investigate mineral bone metabolic conditions of pre-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD),and obtain useful information about the management and treatment of CKD.Methods The levels of serum calcium,phosphate,25-HydroxyvitaminD [25 (OH) VitD],and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were compared.Then a correlation analysis was performed for 25 (OH)VitD.Results Hypocalcemia,hyperphosphatemia,secondary hyperparathyroidism and inadequate of 25 (OH) VitD appeared early in CKD2.Deficiency of 25 (OH)VitD was widespread in CKD2 ～ 5.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that 25 (OH) VitD was independently associated with adjusted level of calcium (P =0.002),application of calcium carbonate (P =0.038),and application of calcitriol (P =0.049) (R square =0.360,P =0.000).Conclusions Mineral bone disorder emerges early in CKD2.More attention should be paid to the management of 25 (OH)VitD.

In order to understand the existing problems in the management of medical ethical review,this paper summed up related domestic literature published in 2001 to 2015 with the method of literature analysis.There existed several problems in the construction and management,the ability of ethical review,external supervision,and other aspects of the current medical ethics committee.It suggests that strengthening external continuous supervision,strengthening the ethics committee itself construction and management and participating in standardized certification can help medical ethics committee to solve the above problems and have important significance for the standardized development.

DCD WeChat ethical review had its necessity and superiority but problems and confusion as well. For instance, WeChat review time was urgent and limited;WeChat review discussed insufficiently even hard to car-ry out;the methods of WeChat review were limited;the authenticity of audit opinion was difficult to grasp;the re-view data privacy existed hidden danger;the review quality was difficult to guarantee;WeChat conference content file archive was difficult, and so on. As to this, the author put forward the following countermeasures:giving war-ranty on the ethical review time as far as possible;initiating the committee review by the referee and uploading the review information to WeChat group, then ethical reviewers expressing their opinions in real names to ensure data confidentiality and privacy protection; strengthening the ethics committee education for organ transplantation; im-proving the quality of the review committee members and moral cultivation;archiving the WeChat conference infor-mation.

Objective To compare the value of abdominal aorta occlusion and internal iliac artery ligation in preventing massive bleeding during surgical treatment of complex acetabular fractures.Methods The study enrolled 67 cases of complicated acetabular fractures,of which 35 had control of hemorrhage via abdominal aorta blockage and 32 via internal iliac artery ligation.Intraoperative bleeding and postoperative drainage volumes were compared of the two operations.Results Of the two operations to control hemorrhage,abdominal aorta occlusion was significantly different from internal iliac artery ligation with regard to amount of blood loss [(648.00 ± 170.20) ml vs (231.18 ± 21.90) ml,t =1.693,P ＜ 0.05],but there was no significant difference between abdominal aorta occlusion and internal iliac artery ligation in postoperative drainage volume [(1 631.50 ± 675.50) ml vs (236.00 ±23.80) ml].Conclusion During surgical treatment of complex acetabular fractures,abdominal aorta occlusion is superior to internal iliac artery ligation in preventing bleeding and can be safe and effective for the fact that the bilateral common iliac arteries are occluded completely for a clear operation field.

AIM: To investigate the impact of scavenger receptor class A type Ⅰ/Ⅱ (SR-A Ⅰ/Ⅱ) on the lipid metabolism in SR-A Ⅰ/Ⅱ gene deficient mice. METHODS: A probe of 660 bp fragment of SR-A Ⅰ/Ⅱ cDNA digested with PstⅠ and XhoⅠ from plasmid 122 was used to identify whether SR-A Ⅰ/Ⅱ had been knocked out in the tail DNA of the mutant (SR-/-) and control (SR+/+) mice by the method of Southern-blot analysis. The serum levels of triglycerides(TG), cholesterol(CH), low density lipoprotein(LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), apolipoprotein (Apo) A and ApoB of the mice fed with normal food and higher lipid food respectively were tested by biochemical method. RESULTS: The serum levels of LDL and body weights of group with SR-A Ⅰ/Ⅱ gene knocked out were higher than that of control group ( P

Objective To observe the long dwell ultrafiltration volume after using 7.5% icodextrin in different peritoneal transport characteristics of peritoneal dialysis patients. Methods Subgroup analysis of a perspective multicenter randomized double blind and parallel control study was performed. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients were divided into high transport (H) group, high-average transport (HA) group, low-average transport (LA) group and low transport (L) group according to D/Pcr and Twardoski standard. Ultrafiltration volume of night long dwell dialysate was calculated before and after clinic trial for 2 weeks and 4 weeks to evaluate the different effect of transporters on ultrafiltration volume. Results A total of 201 CAPD patients were enrolled in the study, including 98 patients in icodextrin group (ICO group) and 103 patients in glucose group (GLU group). Male and female cases were 96 and 105 respectively. Age was (56.1±13.7) years old (range from 18 to 81). One hundred and ninety-eight patients finished peritoneal equilibrium test (PET), including 24 (12.1%) of H, 72(36.2%)of HA, 81(40.7%)of LA,and 21 (11.0%)of L. After follow-up for four weeks, the ultrafiltration volume was much higher than baseline in H, HA and LA groups. Also ultrafiltration volume in icodextrin group was much higher than that in glucose-based dialysate. Howerve, the increased volume was not significantly difference in L group. Ultrafiltration volume of icodextrin was positively correlated to D/Pcr (R2=0.1681,P＜0.01), while ultratration volume of dextrose was negatively correlated to D/Pcr (R2=0.0949,P＜0.01). Conclusion Compare to glucose-based dialysate (Dineal), 7.5% icodextrin dialysate (Extraneal) improves the ultrafiltration and peritoneal creatinine clearance of long dwell notabily in H, HA and LA group.

Objective To summarize the clinical efficacy of free KISS lateral femoral circumflex artery perforator flap in repairing defects of limbs.Methods Twelve cases were suffered wound surface defects on hands and feet.And the defects were repaired by flap construction from October,2010 to May,2013,based on the characteristics of the defects combined with anatomical features of the free lateral femoral circumflex artery perforator flap.Length of flap was adopted as the width for direct suture in the flap donor.Results Postoperative flap and donor area preliminarily healed.There was no vascular crisis.Twelve cases received 6-18 months followed-up (averaged of 12 months).The skin flap was good in color and texture.The dorsal flap was a bit bloated.Linear scar was remained in distal flap donor area.The quadriceps muscle power level 5,knee flexion,extension 10°-180°.Quadriceps strength,knee flexion and stretch activities were all normal.The flaps recovered protective sense.Four cases had tendon adhesion after hand tendon transplantation.The finger function was well recovered after release.At the last followup,the functions of the upper limbs were evaluated according to the trial evaluation standard of the Hand Surgery Association of Chinese Medical Association:6 cases were excellent,1 case was good,and 1 case was qualified.Conclusion The design of the lobulated tissue flap of the lateral femoral circumflex artery descending branch is flexible.Large area of the surface defect can be repaired.The flap donor area is directly sutured.It is an ideal method to repair the wound tissue defect.

Objective To isolate and culture the spontaneous ascites cells from Microtus fortis under artificial conditions, so as to investigate the molecular mechanism at the cell level. Methods The cells were isolated from spontaneous ascites of M. fortis artificially bred for 90 d,and were cultured and observed under a microscope. The differences of ascites cells among nor?mal,spontaneous ascites and schistosomiasis infected samples of M. fortis were compared. The lesion of tissue was observed si?multaneously. Results There were no obvious organ tissue lesions in M. fortis with spontaneous ascites,and the number and types of cells in peritoneal fluid were irregular and significantly changed. With the extension of culture time ,the colonies ap?peared and there were a large number of vacuole?like cells in the cultured medium and sequentially presenting proliferation ,de?formation,disintegration and the fiber?like changes and could be passaged 3-4 d only. Conclusion The cells from M. fortis with spontaneous ascites are similar to its abdominal cavity cells after infection of Schistosoma japonica.

Objective To compare the effect of applying low molecular weight heparin calcium in different periods of reteplase for acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods Ninety-one cases of AMI were divided into group A(30 cases),group B(30 cases)and group C(31 cases)by random digits table.The patients in three groups were given reteplase intravenous thrombolysis,and 5000 U low molecular weight heparin calcium was abdominal wall subcutaneous injections once 12 h at intravenous thrombolysis immediately(group A),after intravenous thrombolysis 6 h(group B)and 12 h(group C).They all were treated for 7-10 d.The rate of coronary artery recanalization,acute phase complication and adverse reaction were compared among three groups.Results The rate of coronary artery recanalization in group A,B and C was 76.7％(23/30),96.7％(29/30),74.2％(23/31)respectively.The rate of coronary artery recanalization in group B was significantly higher than that in group A and C(P ＜ 0.05).The rate of acute phase complication and adverse reaction in group B[33.3％(10/30)]was significantly lower than that in group A and C[70.0％ (21/30)and 61.3％(19/31)](P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions After reteplase intravenous thrombolysis in 6 h,applying low molecular weight heparin calcium can significantly improve the rate of coronary artery recanalization and reduce the rate of acute phase complication and adverse reaction.