Objective:Examine and Compare the professional ethical attitudes and beliefs for counseling and psychotherapy between counselors/psychotherapists and clients who receive professional services in the field.Method:A questionnaire concerning ethical behaviors and attitudes was developed based on American Counseling Association Code of Ethics(2005),and administrated to 48 counselors/psychotherapists as well as 48 clients.The similarity and difference between ethical attitudes and beliefs of two groups were compared.Besides,the possible influences of certain important demographical variables were explored.Results:The two groups' responses differed in 12 out of 29 items,including 4 items derived from section of counseling relationship in ACA code of ethics(e.g.,47.9% clients thought clients could form personal relationship with counselors/psychotherapists,while only 4.2% professionals thought it was ethical,P

In order to evaluate the overall situation of projects granted by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) in the 11th five-year plan period,the data about applications and approved NSFC projects at Cancer Institute and Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CIH CAMS) were analyzed and compared with those of the 10th five-year plan period.It showed that the number of granted NSFC projects increased and the structure of program type maintained during the 11th five-year plan period.The program researchers were younger and had better education background.The quality and quantity of both the General Program projects and Young Scientists Fund projects were at high level.

In this paper,we analyzed 24 international cooperation projects involving human genetic resources from 1999 to 2009 hosted by the Cancer Institute and Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.The analysis concerned the overall situation of the projects,the foreign cooperative units,subject distribution,research content,export planning,actual export and achievement.We also put forward proposals to improve the human genetic resources management.

Objective To investigate the change of HepG2 liver tumor perfusion after microbubble enhanced ultrasound cavitation treatment and observe the related pathological injury.Methods Twenty eight Balb/c(nu/nu) nude mice transplanted subcutaneous HepG2 tumor were divided into three groups randomly,including the microbubble enhanced ultrasound cavitation group,the ultrasound group and the sham group.Microbubble enhanced ultrasound cavitation treatment was performed by 0.1 ml microbubbles intravenous injection combined with pulse ultrasound emission in experimental group,while in control groups only ultrasound exposure or microbubble injection were applied.The perfusion of tumors was imaged using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography before and after treatments.Time-intensity curve and peak intensity were analyzed.The tumors were then harvested for histological examination.Results The perfusion of HepG2 tumors almost vanished immediately after treatment in experimental group,with the peak intensity reduced from (26.9 ± 10.9)％ to(8.2 ± 5.8)％ (P ＜0.05).There was no significant changes before and after treatments (P ＞ 0.05) in the two control groups.Histological findings were disruption of the endothelia,significant hemorrhage and increased intercellular fluid.Conclusions Microbubble-enhanced ultrasound cavitation can significantly reduce tumor blood perfusion and disrupt tumor vascularture.This new ultrasound therapy can potentially become a new physical anti-angiogenetic therapy for liver tumor.

Objective To construct and implement the nursing quality information feedback system based on QUACERS model and control theory, and discuss its application effect and the problems that should be paid attention to and to provide operational cases and practical basis for nursing quality management. Methods Through literature review and expert consultation, the framework and content of nursing quality information feedback system were set up and implemented. The changes of the nursing quality and the repeated occurrence of nursing problems were evaluated before (2013) and after (2015) the implementation of this project. And in December 2015, a self-made questionnaire was conducted among the nurses in the hospital to evaluate the importance of the feedback and it′s effect of improving the nursing quality. And evaluate the timeliness and effectiveness of different feedback forms. Results 1 120 and 1 136 nurses were followed-up in 2013 and 2015 respectively. The scores of human resource management, clinical nursing service and nursing safety management were higher than before, and the repeated occurrence of nursing problems was lower than before. A total of 450 questionnaires were distributed, 438 copies were collected, the effective recovery rate was 97.33%. Ratings for the importance of each item was from 3.37 to 4.57. Ratings for the effect of improving the quality of care was 3.79 to 4.39. The percentage of quality information received by nurses was more than 95%, and the average score of feedback timeliness was 4.29 to 4.53. Conclusions Quality information feedback system based on QUACERS model can cover multiple dimensions of quality management, and it was conducive to obtaining comprehensive information;Combined with multiple feedback forms can improve the effect of information feedback.

Objective To investigate the incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals in Shanghai and Yunnan Province and to analyze the risk factors of TB infection.Methods Seventy HIV-infected individuals from Yunnan Province and 67 from Shanghai were enrolled.T-SPOT.TB was employed to detect TB-specific T cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in PBMC from the enrolled subjects were detected by flow cytometry.Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test,Fisher's exact test and Logistic regression.Results The incidence of latent tuberculosis (LTB) infection among HIV-infected individuals in Yunnan Province was 64.3 ％ (45/70),which was much higher than Shanghai (20.8％ [14/ 67]).The median CD4+ T cell count of HIV-infected individuals with LTB infection in Yunnan Province was 509/μL,while that in Shanghai was 324/μL,which was significant different (U=148,P=0.003).The median CD4+ T cell count in HIV single infected individuals from Yunnan Province was 418/μL,which was not significantly different from that of H IV + LTB individuals from that area (U =378,P =0.120).Moreover,the median CD8+ T cell counts of HIV-infected individuals with latent tuberculosis infection in Yunnan Province and Shanghai were 409/μL and 781/μL,respectively (U=109,P＜0.01).Conclusions The incidence of LTB infection among HIV-infected individuals in Yunnan Province is significantly higher than Shanghai.CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts are correlated with TB infection among HIV-infected individuals.

Objective To analyze the expression of interleukin (IL)-31 in tuberculous pleural effusion,and to evaluate its diagnostic value of tuberculous effusion.Methods Seventy-one patients with pleural effusion were enrolled,including 40 cases of tuberculous pleural effusion and 31 cases of malignant pleural effusion.Luminex method was applied to detect the IL-31 expression in pleural effusion.IL-31 levels were compared using non-parametric Mann-WhitneyU test,and the receiver operator characteristic (ROC)curve was used to elvaluate the diagnostic value of IL-31 .Results IL-31 expression in tuberculous pleural effusion was significantly higher than that in malignant pleural effusion with statistical significance (529.4 ng/L vs 13.8 ng/L,U =62,P <0.01 ).Based on the level of IL-31 expression,area under the ROC curve was 0.95 with the optimum cut-off value of 67.5 ng/L.Thus,the sensitivity and specificity of IL-31 ≥67.5 ng/L for diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy were 82.5 % (95 %CI :73.3% - 94.2%)and 100.0% (95 %CI :91 .4%-100.0%),respectively.Conclusion IL-31 is highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion, which favors the differentiation of tuberculosis from malignance.

Objective To optimizing preparate for target microbubbles of tumor lymphangiogenesis which load anti-VEGFR-3 and anti-Podoplanin and to evaluate the imaging of this microbubbles Methods The biotinylated anti-VEGFR-3 and anti-Podoplanin were conjugated to biotinylated microbubbles through biotin-avidin its technology of preparation and progress were optimized The proportion of reagents were adjusted The targeted microbubbles were evaluated by immunofluorescence method and its effect was tested in vivo Results High adhesion rate target microbubbles were successfully achieved which average particle size was 0 99 μm and the average antibody combined rate was 81 3% Confirmed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscope it can clearly show the lymphangiogenesis and the metastasis of lymph nodes in vivo Time-intensity curve showed more microbubbles more intensity more stay and better image Conclusions These target microbubbles have a small particle size and high adhesion rate and a better contrast imaging It is a more value ultrasound target contrast agents of lymph vessel with tumor and sentinel node.

Purpose To produce enzymatic hydolysates with angiotensin Ⅰ-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and antihypertensive activity from Acetes chinensis. Methods ACE inhibitory activity of the hydrolysates of Acetes chinensis by five commercial proteases were determined in vitro to select a protease as the enzyme used in the preparation of enzymatic hydrolysate of Acetes chinensis, and orthogonal trials were employed to optimize its hydrolysis parameters, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were used to assess in vivo the hypotensive effects of hydrolysate under optimized condition. Results The hydrolysate with IC50 being0.65 mg/ml was obtained under the optimized condition of pH 2.4, 41℃, 3 h hydrolysis time, 3% enzyme/substrate ratio (E/S) and 8 % substrate concentration, and a recorded SBP reduction of 3 886.3 Pa (29mmHg) at 4 h after administration (1.0 g/kg BW) was observed. Conclusion Peptic hydrolysate of Acetes chinensis shows significant ACE inhibitory activity and antihypertensive activity.

Objective To explore the role of basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor (BATF) in active tuberculosis, and to provide clues for diagnosis and therapy of tuberculosis.Methods Sixteen patients with active tuberculosis (ATB), ten cases of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and fourteen healthy controls (HC) were included in this study.Flow cytometry was applied to detect the expressions of BATF and programmed death-1 (PD-1) in T lymphocytes, and the changes of BATF by blockade of PD-1/PD-L pathway using specific blocking antibody antiPD-1, antiPD-L1 and antiPD-L2.The expressions of BATF were compared using Mann-Whitney U test.And the relation of BATF and PD-1 was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis.Results The CD4+ T lymphocytes expressing BATF accounted for 5.16% (2.96%,8.71%) of CD4+ T lymphocytes in ATB group, which was higher than 1.05% (0.40%,1.27%) in LTBI group and 0.71%(0.43%,1.21%) in HC group, and the difference were statistically significant (U value were 6.5 and 9.0, respectively, both P<0.01).The CD8+ T lymphocytes expressing BATF accounted for 4.10% (2.27%,8.17%) of CD8+ T lymphocytes in ATB group, which was higher than 0.55% (0.34%,1.18%) in LTBI group and 0.84% (0.41%,1.29%) in HC group, and the difference were statistically significant (U value were 5.0 and 8.0, respectively, both P<0.01).Furthermore, the percentage of BATF+ PD-1+ CD4+ T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of ATB was significantly higher than those in the peripheral blood of LTBI and HC, the difference were statistically significant (Uvalue were 16.0 and 14.5, respectively, both P<0.01), and the percentage of BATF+ PD-1+ CD8+ T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of ATB was significantly higher than those in the peripheral blood of LTBI and HC, the difference were statistically significant (Uvalue were 10.0 and 16.5, respectively, both P<0.01).In addition, there was a positive correlation between the percentage of BATF+ T cells and PD-1+ T cells, both in CD4+ T cells (r=0.676,P=0.016) and CD8+ T cells (r=0.610,P=0.035).The expressions of BATF both in CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells were decreased followed by blockade of PD-1/PD-L pathway (P<0.05).Conclusions BATF may be involved in the regulation of immune pathogenesis of tuberculosis.In order to provide a theory for anti-tuberculosis immunotherapy fargeting BATF, further research need to be proceeded.