Objective To study the interaction between Cr(Ⅵ)-GSH complex and DNA and to understand the mechanism of DNA conformation change induced by Cr(Ⅵ)-GSH complex. Methods Chromium(Ⅵ) reacts on glutathione forms the chromium (Ⅴ) intermediate complex, and the intermediate complex can induce the conformation change of DNA, in the present paper, ultraviolet and fluorescence spectra, Scatchard equation, fluorescence quenching curve, and fluorescence probe method using ethidium bromide (EB) as a fluorescence probe were employed. Results The chromium (Ⅴ) intermediate complex formed rapidly after the reaction between Cr(Ⅵ) and GSH in Hepes buffer solution at pH=7.4, the complex did not insert into the base pairs on the DNA duplex strand and developed electrostatic binding with the phosphate backbone of DNA, but induced a conformation change of DNA leading to a disruption of duplex structure. In the following time, the complex decomposed and the end product was Cr(Ⅲ), Cr(Ⅲ) can cross-link with DNA, the whole process needs about an hour. Conclusion The chromium(Ⅴ) intermediate complex of the conformation change reaction of chromium(Ⅵ) and glutathione may play an important role in inducing the DNA.

BACKGROUND:Compared with hydroxyapatite materials and other nano-hydroxyapatite composites, carbon fiber-reinforced nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 composites have been significantly improved in the mechanical strength, toughness, elastic modulus and other aspects. It can be used for repairing bone defects of loading parts. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the biocompatibility of carbon fiber-reinforced nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 composites in bone tissues. METHODS:Eight Bama mini pigs were taken to establish models of thoracic vertebral defects and implanted with carbon fiber-reinforced nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 composites. At 8, 16 and 24 weeks after implantation,the animals were sacrificed, respectively, for bone mineral density detection and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Blood samples for kidney and liver function tests were taken before and 1 and 8 weeks after implantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hematoxylin-eosin staining of bone samples showed that the materials could bond with the bone defect interface without rejection, and could induce osteogenesis of chondrocytes. At 8 weeks after surgery, the broken ends of cancelous bone closed and the composite material was wrapped by granulation tissues. At 16 weeks after surgery, granulation tissues were organized and new bone developed directly from fibroblast cels. The new bone tissues were nearly fused with the end of cancelous bone. At 24 weeks after surgery, new bone tissue became mature lamelar bone, and the end of cancelous bone was connected tightly with the composite material. Bone mineral density of the implanted vertebra showed an increase trend at 8, 16 and 24 weeks after implantation. Over time, the bone mass was increased. The liver and kidney function tests showed that there was no significant difference before and after implantation. It is preliminarily believed that the carbon fiber-reinforced nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 composite has excelent histocompatibility and bioactivity without hepatic toxicity and nephritic toxicity.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common type of stroke,and its fatality is high.The baseline hematoma volume and hematoma growth are the predictive factors for the poor outcome of the patients.Previous studies have shown that surgical evacuation of hematoma can reduce the hematoma volume and improve the outcome.However,several recent randomized controlled trials of craniotomy hematoma evacuation for ICH and a Meta-analysis have shown that it is no more beneficial than conservative treatment.The previous evidence of minimally invasive evacuation of hematoma for the treatment of ICH has suggested that it has potential benefits for patients with ICH; however,further research is needed to confirm it.

Objectives To explore the relationship between serum leve ls of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and the disease activity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and study the mechan isms of these two factors in the pathogenesis of SLE. Methods The serum levels of HGF and MMP-9 were measured by ELISA. The growth curve of normal ECV304 cell line was obtained, and the action concentration of recombinant human hepatocyte growth factor (rhHGF) was determined. MMP-9 expression level in cells was detec ted by flow cytometric analysis. Results The serum level of HGF increased sign ificantly in SLE patients as compared with that in healthy controls (P 0.05). The area of ROC curve was 0.707 and the sensitivity was 66 .7% when using the serum level of HGF as diagnostic standard. The area under ROC curve was 0.984 and the sensitivity was 97.2% when using the serum level of MMP-9 as diagnostic standard. The sensitivity was 66.7% (24/36) when two markers (H GF and MMP-9) were examined simultaneously. Additionally, the action concentrati on of rhHGF was 8 ng/mL, and the expression level of MMP-9 was 39.74% in normal ECV304 cells and increased to 40.32% after rhHGF stimulation. Conclusions It i s suggested that HGF and MMP-9 may be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE, and s erum levels of HGF and MMP-9 might be used as markers for monitoring the disease activity, renal damage, disease progression and improvement in SLE. The sensiti vity might be higher when serum level of MMP-9 is used as diagnostic standard, a nd rhHGF can enhance MMP-9 expression in ECV304 cell line.

BACKGROUND: Some researches demonstrate that tea polyphenols (TP) has protective effects on neurotoxicity of hippocampal nerve cells induced byβ-amyloid peptide (Aβ), 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and oxidative substances. In addition, clinical preliminary examination indicates that TP plays a certain preventive and therapeutic effects on the reduction of recognition function in high-risk population with Alzheimer disease (AD); however, its target and mechanism are still hot topics.OBJECTIVE: To observe the interfering effects of TP on cerebral nerve cell apoptosis induced by D-galactose and Aβ25～35 in mice.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study.SETTING: Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacological College of Jinan University.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the Experimental Center of Jinan University from September 2004 to January 2005. A total of 90 healthy Kumning mice, aged 2 months, each gender in half, weighing 26-28 g, were provided by Guangdong Provincial Medical Laboratory Animal Center. Tea polyphenols was provided by Zhejiang Oriental Tea Science and Technology Corporation (batch number: 20040203); D-galactose by Shanghai Number 2 Reagent Plant (batch number: 20030708); Aβ25～35 by Sigma (batch number: 13/01/2004); vitamin E (Vit-E) by Shanghai Xinyi Pharmaceutical Factory (batch number: 20030708).METHODS: Experimental interference: Mice based on body mass were randomly divided into 6 groups: sham operation group (n =17), model group (n =16), vitamin E group (n =16), low-dose (n =13), moderate-dose (n =14) and high-dose (n =14) tea polyphenols groups. In above-mentioned animals, except those in the sham operation group, all were given 120 mg/(kg·d) D-galactose for 12 consecutive weeks, and Aβ25～35 (4 nmol) was slowly injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle. In sham operation group, the same volume of artificial cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) was internally injected into lateral ventricle. Drug treatment began at the first week. Mice in the sham operation group and model group were given distilled water, and the animals in other groups were given the above-mentioned drugs (100 mg/kg Vit-E, 100, 250 and 625 mg/kg TP), respectively. The volume of perfusion was 10 ml/kg, and the treatment lasted for 12 consecutive weeks. Experimental evaluation: After administration, LW-Ⅱ water maze was used to measure learning and memory condition; brain, liver tissues and serum were obtained to measure activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and content of malondialdehyde (MDA); Fura-2/AM loading method was used to measure Ca2+ concentration in erythrocytes and neurons; flow cytometer was used to detect cerebral nerve cell apoptosis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cl) Learning and memory ability; (2) SOD activity and MDA content in serum, liver and brain tissues; (3) Ca2+ concentration in erythrocytes and neurons;flow cytometer was used to cerebral nerve cell apoptosis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：①Learning and memory ability;②SOD activity and MDA content in serum,liver and brain tissues；③Ca2+ concentration in erythrocytes and neurons；④cerebral nerve cell apoptosis．RESULTS：All 90 mice were involved in the final analysis．①At 12 weeks after administration,time to swim out of the water maze in the moderete-dose and high-dose TP groups and Vit-E group was shorter than that in the model group,and numbers of errors in passing the blind alleys in the water maze was reduced as compared with those in the model group,and there was significant difference(P＜0．05-0．01)．②SOD activities in the moderate-dose and high-dose TP groups were increased as compared with that in the model group,but MDA content in the high-dose TP group was decreased as compared with that in the model group．There was significant difference(P＜0．05-0．01)．③Ca2+ concentration in erythrocytes and neurons in the modemte-dose and high-dose TP groups and Vit-E group was lower than that in the model group,and there was significant difference(P＜0．05-0．01)．④The rates of brain neurons apoptosis in treatment groups with different doses of TP were 12．6％，18．6％,and 24．1％ respectively, exhibiting significant difference as compared with the mice in sham operation group(P＜0．05-0．01) CONCLUSION：TP can inhibit cerebral nerve cell apoptosis induced by D-galactose and Aβ25～35 and improve learning and memory ability in model mice．The effects may be related to its action of raising general anti-oxidative ability and improvement of intrecellular Ca overload induced by oxidative stress injury．

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of pre-operative ancl intra-operative insulinomas localization, and improve the diagnostic accuracy. Methods 75 patients with suspected insulinomas who were treated surgically were enrolled; all the patients had pathological evidence of insulinomas. The data of pre-operative ultrasound, CT, MRI and intra-operative ultrasound and surgical palpation were collected and analyzed. Results The sensitivity of localization procedures was as follows: ultrasonography 30.7% ( 23/75 ), CT 40.0% (24/60) , MRI 45.4% ( 22/48 ) , while surgical palpation was 80.4% , intra-operative ultrasound 96.4%. The accuracy of intra-operative procedures was higher than that of pre-operative procedures. Conclusions It was difficult to accurately localize insulinomas before operation, but intra-operative palpation and iutra-operative US was easy to perform and highly accurate. Therefore, too much emphasis should not be placed on pre-operative imaging tests.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum level of Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and the disease activity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Serum level of HGF in 30 control and 36 SLE patients were measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. ResultsSignifi cantly increased sera level of HGF were found in SLE patients as compared to that in healthy controls[ (1 433.3?154.0)ng/L vs (1 142.1?78.8)ng/L,P

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum level of MMP-9(matrix metalloproteinase-9) and the disease activity of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Methods Serum level of MMP-9 of 30 controls and 36 SLE patients were measured by Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay.Results Significantly decreased serum level of MMP-9 was found in SLE patients as compared to that in healthy controls(108?113) ng/ml vs (352?155) ng/ml (P0.05).Conclusion The present data suggests that MMP-9 may be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE,and serum MMP-9 level may be a marker of disease activity,renal damage,disease progression and amelioration in SLE.

Objective To investigate the clinical and laboratory diagnosis in a rare case with dwarifsm and multisystem abnormalities. Methods Whole-exome sequencing was performed and data was processed using high-throughput data analysis pipeline. Genetic test result is veriifed by Sanger sequencing. Results This is a 14-year-old boy with short stature (the height is 132 cm) and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. He was treated with long-term oral prednisone. Head CT from other hospital found multiple calciifcations on both sides of the basal ganglia, two sides of the frontal lobe, and the left side of parietal lobe. Lateral spinal X-ray photography showed lfat in thoracolumbar vertebral body. Valgus was surgically corrected. He also has facial pigmentation spot and onychomycosis. Whole-exome sequencing combined with Sanger sequencing identiifed a known homozygous pathogenic mutation in ACP 5 genes (c. 643 G>A, p.G 215 R). Identiifcation of such a mutation results in the diagnosis of spondylo enchondrody splasia with immune dysregulation (SPENCDI). Conclusions Whole-exome sequencing is one of the effective methods for detection of rare disease, the SPENCDI case reported here is a good example of it.

Objective To evaluate the effect of chronic low potassium on K+uptake rate in the my?ocardium and skeletal muscle of rabbits. Methods Thirty?two adult male rabbits, aged 12-14 weeks, weighing 2?0-2?7 kg, were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n=8 each) using a random number table:normal feeding group ( group N) , low potassium feeding group ( group L) , potassium supplementation con?trol group ( group SC ) and potassium supplementation experimental group ( group SE ) . N and SC groups were given a normal diet only, and L and SE groups were fed with a low potassium diet for 15 days. Potassi?um chloride ( KCl) 0?5 mol∕L was then infused intravenously at the initial rate of 60 μmol·kg-1 ·min-1 in SE and SC groups. Blood samples were obtained from the central artery of the left ear every 5 min for meas?urement of plasma K+ concentrations. The infusion rat of KCl was then adjusted until the plasma K+concen?tration reached 5?5 mmol∕L and maintained at this level for 1 h, and then infusion was stopped. The total volume of KCl infused was recorded. The hearts and soleus muscle of animals were excised for determination of K+content. K+uptake and uptake rate were calculated. Results Compared with N group, the plasma K+concentration, and K+content in the myocardium and soleus muscle were significantly decreased in group L ( P<0?05) . Compared with SC group, the total volume of KCl infused, and K+uptake and uptake rate in the myocardium and soleus muscle were significantly increased in group SE ( P<0?05) . Conclusion Chro?nic hypokalaemia can increase K+ uptake rate in the myocardium and skeletal muscle of rabbits.