OBJECTIVE: To prepare 5-fluorouracil(5-Fu) microemulsion and to investigate the intestinal absorption of 5-Fu microemulsion in rats. METHODS: The formulation of 5-Fu microemulsion was optimzied using pseudo-ternary phase diagrams with isopropyl myristate (IPM) as oil phase and ODO-L as surfactant; the intestinal absorption ex vivo model was prepared using everted intestinal sac method to investigate the absorption sites and absorption efficiency of 5-Fu microemulsion in rats. RESULTS: IPM/ODO-L/EtOH/H2O (Km=1∶2) was selected as the delivery system of 5-Fu; as compared with 5-Fu solution, the intestinal absorption of 5-Fu microemulsion was significantly improved and the middle and lower segments of rat's intestine were the best sbsorption sites for 5-Fu microemulsion and the accumulative aborption rates of 5-Fu microemulsion at 90 min was 3-fold that of 5-Fu solution. CONCLUSION: The prepared 5-Fu microemulsion is stable in quality and well-absorbed in rats' intestine.

The medical English level is quite important to the future development ongoing study of medical students,so medical college teachers should take the advantages of Internet and multimedia technology to improve teaching effects.In the present article,we have discussed how to use internet source and multimedia technology to improve the teaching effects of medical English,and pointed out that Internet and multimedia not only enriches the teaching sources and teaching methods,but also creates a better teaching situation and improves the student learning interests,which will bring to good teaching results.

Objective To study and construct related models of medical evacuation of the wounded during earthquake relief.Methods Based on the Agent model,the boundary of the medical evacuation system for the wounded was determined and the Agent model system was established according to the medical service theory about medical evacuation of the wounded during earthquake relief.Using Agent-based modeling,the structure,attribute,related behavior and function of key Agent models were analyzed and the model structure was presented.Results and Conclusion The Agent model system including 11 Agent models is divided into business Agent modeling,assistant Agent modeling and environment Agent modeling.Six key models are built,and the interaction and coordination mechanisms of various types Agent models are established.

Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells therapy plays an important role in cancer adjuvant treatment.Researches show that the number of peripheral blood immunocytes will change if patients with cancer accept the treatment of CIK cells.The changes of T cell subsets,regulatory T cells are relatively obvious,which may be one of the standards that can evaluate the curative effect of CIK cells.

BACKGROUND:Anticancer drug deguelin delays the embryonic development of zebrafish, but its exact mechanism is not yet clear.
OBJECTIVE:To explore expression differences in genes and signaling pathways in deguelin-treated zebrafish embryos.
METHODS:Zebrafish embryos were harvested from zebrafish fed according to the Zebrafish Book. Zebrafish embryos at 2-cel stage were selected and divided into two groups:control group treated with dimethyl sulfoxide incubator liquid, and experimental group treated with 0.6μmol/L deguelin. Total RNA was extracted from the two groups at sphere stage. Then, gene chip technique was used to detect differential y expressed genes in the deguelin-treated zebrafish embryos. Real-time quantitative PCR was employed to validate microarray cluster analysis and pathway analysis to explore the mechanism of action of deguelin.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Chip results showed that 407 genes were upregulated more than three times and 461 genes were downregulated more than three times after deguelin treatment. PCR validation results were consistent with those of the chip. Fourteen pathways were identified by KEGG pathway analysis. Deguelin may play an important role by intervening cel metabolism growth and differentiation.

Objective To introduce a new method that abdominal puncture is used in ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Methods A retrospective review of the clinical materials of 49 patients who underwent improving ventriculoperitoneal shunt.Results After operations, all the patients had fellow-up survey that the rates of infection and obstruction are both 4.08%. They are lower than that of the lectures. Conclusion It has many advantages that abdominal puncture taken the place of incision of abdominal cavity. They are less wounded, less infection, less abdominal complication , not easy to be packed by the omentum and so on.

Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) pathway, which was the first cell signal transduction pathway to be discovered, consisted of Ras, Raf, MEK1/2 and ERK1/2. After the activation of ERK1/2 pathway, extracellular signals can be transmitted from the cell membrane to the nucleus. It was involved in many physiological and pathological functions of cells, such as growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and etc. It was also related to the onset of many diseases, which included multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The activation of ERK1/2 pathway can induce the activation of astrocyte, MG, T cell and macrophage, which released a variety of inflammatory cytokines. It caused myelin damage which induced MS/EAE onset. A number of studies indicated that inhibiting ERK1/2 pathway can reduce the releasing of inflammatory cytokines and myelin damage for MS/EAE alleviation. It provided an important target for the development of MS treatment medication.

Objective To investigate the role of acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) in global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Forty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-310 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 12 each): sham operation group (group S); global cerebral I/R group (group I/R); normal saline group (group NS) and specific ASIC blocker amiloride group (group A). Global cerebral I/R was produced by occlusion of 3 vessels ( 10 min occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries and basilar artery) followed by reperfusion. In group NS and A, NS 6 ml/kg and amiloride 0.6 mg/kg were injected through femoral vein immediately before reperfusion respectively. Six rats in each group were selected, the dialysate in CA1 area was collected before ischemia (baseline), immediately after ischemia and during 20 min reperfusion (once every 10 min) for determination of lactate concentrations. The left 6 rats in each group were elected at 8 h of reperfusion and the open field test and inclined plane test were peeformed to assess neurological behavior.The rats were then sacrificed and brain tissues taken for microscopic examination and brain water content was calculated. Results Compared with group S, the concentration of lactate in the dialysate and brain water content were significantly increased and neurological deficits developed in group I/R and NS (P ＜ 0.05). Compared with group I/R, the concentration of lactate in the dialysate and brain water content were significantly decreased and neurological deficits were improved in group A ( P ＜ 0.05 ), but no significant change in the parameters mentioned above was found in group NS ( P ＞ 0.05). Microscopic examination showed that the damage to the brain tissues was attenuated in group A compared with group I/R. Conclusion ASICs are involved in the development of global cerebral I/R injury in rats.

BACKGROUND:Airborne pollen is the most important factor to induce the seasonal allergic diseases.The production and dispersal of pollen are closely correlated with the meteorological factors.OBJECTIVE:To observe the correlation between the seven meteorological factors (air pressure,air temperature,humidity,precipitation,wind speed,evaporation capacity and sunshine) and the airborne pollen in Nanchang so as to provide theoretic evidences for preventing and treating anaphylactic disease in that region.DESIGN:Observational experiment. SETTING:Department of Allergic Reaction,Jiangxi Medical College.MATERIALS:An investigation on airbome pollen was performed for a year by Durham gravity method.Data of airborne pollen and the seven meteorological factors in urban area of Nanchang city were collected.METHODS:The top of the 4th experimental building in the southern yard of Jiangxi Medical College located in the center of Nanchang city was taken as exposed point.The pollen was surveyed by Durham gravity method from April 1st,2000 to March 31 st,2001.Meteorological data of the seven factors were collected every day and supplied by the Weather Bureau of Jiangxi Province.The correlation between meteorological factors and airborne pollen was analyzed by the multivariate Jinear stepwise regression analysis with SAS 6.12.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The type,amount,seasonal distribution of airborne pollen and the correlation between the seven meteorological factors and the airborne pollen in urban area of Nanchang city. RESULTS:There were airborne pollens in Nanchang city all the year round,which included about 47 types.The main pollen season of Cupressaceae was in March,Pinaceae in March and April, and Cunninghamia R.Br in March,Chenopodium-Amaranthus and Ambrosia from August to November, Artemisia from September to November and Humulus in September.Gramineae had been scattering all seasons but mostly from June to October.In the correlation analysis between dispersal of airbome pollen and seven meteorological factors, multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis was conducted in some major polien counting in steady dispersal period and seven meteorological factors. The positive correlation was found in Pinaceae with air pressure,air temperature,wind speed and sunlight,and the negative correlation was found with precipitation and evaporation capacity.The positive correlation was found in Cupressaceae with air pressure,air temperature and sunlight,and negative correlation was found with humidity,precipitation,wind speed and evaporation capacity.The positive correlation was found in Ambrosia with air pressure,air temperature and wind speed,while negative correlation was found with humidity,precipitation,evaporation capacity and sunshine.The positive correlation was found in Artemisia with air pressure,air temperature and wind speed,while negative correlation was found with humidity,precipitation, evaporation capacity and sunshine.The positive correlation was found in Gramineae with air pressure and air temperature,while negative correlation was found with humidity,precipitation and evaporation capacity.However,if using count of total pollen in a year or half a year to analyze the relationship,the correlated factors were much fewer than that mentioned above.CONCLUSION:The dispersal of airborne pollen is related with the seven meteorological factors.It is better to use the grain amount of single pollen in its main pollen season to analyze the relationship with meteorological factors.

Objective To investigate the normal anatomy and variation of Willis circle by 64-slice volume CT digital subtraction angiography(VCTDSA).Methods VCTDSA data of 174 patients with cephalocervical and cephalic scanning in our hospital from February 2006 to September 2008 were analyzed.Developmental condition,shape,size,integrity,and perforating branches of Willis circle were observed.Results(1) Hypoplasia was displayed in any component vessels of Willis circle.Incidence rate of hypoplasia was 20.1% in left posterior communicating artery,16.1% in right posterior communicating artery,13.8% in right anterior cerebral artery A1,9.2% in right posterior cerebral artery P1,7.3% in anterior communicating artery,6.3% in left posterior cerebral artery P1,and 3.4% in left anterior cerebral artery A1.Congenital arterial absence occurred more frequently in right posterior communicating artery(54.6%),left posterior communicating artery(52.3%),and anterior communicating artery(15.8%).(2) Hypoplasia or congenital absence of posterior circulation and anterior-posterior circulation occurred with a rate of 55.8% and 29.8% respectively.Integrity of Willis circle was only 9.2%.There were 17 perforating branches and 26 heubner inversion arteries observed in 174 Willis circle,with an average diameter of 0.82 mm and 0.94 mm respectively.Conclusion VCTDSA can display Willis circle completely and clearly.Using three-dimensional rotation may detect all kinds of variation and perforating branches of Willis circle.