17 young healthy rabbits weighing from 520 to 720 gins,ageing 38～48 postnatal days,were used for this study.Seven to fourteen days following spinal lesions at diffe- rent levels the animals were killed and serial transverse sections of thc brain stem were stained with thionin,the retrograde cell degenerations within the red nucleus were studied. An analysis of the chromatolysis indicates that the rubrospinal fibers are largely crossed and a few fibers to the cervical cord are uncrossed.Furthermore,a somatotopical localization exists within the contralateral red nucleus with respect to the rubrospinal tract,i.e.the cervical projections of the fibers system take origin from the dorsal part of the red nucleus almost throughout its whole extent,the thoracic projections from the ventral part of the caudal five-sixths of the red nucleus,and the lumbar projections from the centro-ventral part of the caudal third of the nucleus. It also indicates that all types of cells in the red nucleus,not only the large ones, give rise to the rubrospinal tract.The spinal porjections of this fiber tract may descend as far as the lumbar cord.

Objective To investigate the protection by immunization with mix recombinant BCG-EmⅡ/3 and BCG-Em14-3-3 vaccine of Echinococcus multilocularis(Em) and against challenge of Em protoscolexes.Methods BALB/C mice were subcutaneously or intranasally vaccinated with mixed recombinant BCG vaccines respectively.Eight weeks later,the immunized mice were challenged with Em protoscolexes.On the 18th week after vaccination,the mice were killed to count the rate of reduced alveolar echinococcus weight and to examine the levels of IgG and its subclasses,IgE;the spleen cells were separated to measure subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by FACsort.Blank vector,BCG and PBS served as control.Results In the immunized groups,the rate of reduced alveolar echinococcus weight was 45.29%-76.47%;the levels of IgG,IgG2a,IgG2b and IgE increased apparently while IgG1 and IgG3 decreased remarkably;CD4+ subset and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ increased obviously,but CD8+ subset had no change.Conclusion Intranasal vaccination with mix recombinant BCG-EmⅡ/3 and BCG-Em14-3-3 vaccine is a good way for immunization.IgG,IgG2a,IgG2b,IgE and CD4+ T cell subset may play an important role in protecting against challenge of Em protoscolexes.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors are currently widely used for targeted lung cancer therapy. Target-ed therapy evaluation principally relies on genetic testing or rough clinical estimation. PET receptor imaging is highly sensitive and spe-cific. According to domestic and foreign literature, PET imaging using radiolabeled EGFR-targeting agents can be used to predict and monitor therapy response. This paper presents new evaluating methods for targeted lung cancer therapy.

[Objective]To comparatively analyze the clinical results of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) and ORIF in treatment of intra-articular fracture of knee joint and to investigate the utilization value of biological fixation.[Method]According to the principles of conservation of the vascularity,21 cases of intra-articular fractures of knee joint underwent surgical treatment of MIPO in recent years.In accordance with the type of fracture and other anticipated factors influenced bony healing,paired-samples treated of ORIF were selected.The two groups were compared following: operation time,intra-operative blood loss,bone union time,axial malalignment radiologically of knee joint,and the ROM of knee.HSS criteria were used to evaluate the results.[Result]In MIPO group,all 21 fractures were followed up for averagely 14.2 months (range 10~16 months).The mean duration of surgery was 60.0 min (range 50~70 min) and bone grafting underwent in 2 cases.Complete fracture healing was achieved with the average time of 10.0 weeks and assessment of vallgus/varus alignment showed a deviation more than 5 degrees in 3 cases.The average HSS score was 86.67.In ORIF group,all 21 fractures were followed up for averagely 21.2months (range 12~48 months).The mean duration of surgery was 79.52 min (range 65-95 min) and bone grafting underwent in 18 cases.Complete fracture healing was achieved with the average time of 12.24 weeks and assessment of valgus/varus alignment showed a deviation more than 5 degrees in 2 cases.The average HSS score was 82.14.All patients got bony union and no patient developed infection,implant failure in both groups.There was significant difference in operation time,union time and function of knee between the two groups.[Conclusion]To the suitable cases,MIPO appears to stabilize fractures with a low intra-operative blood loss and a low incidence of bone grafting; on the other hand it offers many advantages in the aspects of operation procedures and functional recovery postoperatively.

Objective:To investigate the influence of pCD-Em10 on immune responses in mice infected with alveolar hydatid cyst of Echinococcus multilocularis(Em).Methods:BALB/c mice were intramuscularly vaccinated with pCD-Em10 and then challenged with Em protoscoleces at the 8 w after vaccination.The mice were killed in 18th week of infection to count the rate of reduced alveolar hydatid cyst weight;The spleens were gathered to separate splenocytes,and the subsets of CD4+and CD8+T cells were measured by FACsort.The splenocytes were cultured by stimulation with EmAg or ConA,their supernatants were gathered to measure level of IL-2,IFN-?,TNF-? and IL-4 by ELISA Kits.Apoptotic rate of splenocytes was measured by FACsort.BCG or PBS injection served as control.Results:In the group of PCD-Em10 immunization,the rate of reduced alveolar hydatid cyst weight was 71.17%,CD4+ subset increased obviously,and the levels of IFN-? and TNF-? increased remarkably,but that of IL-4 decreased.Apoptotic rate in the pCD-Em10 group was lower than that in the PBS control.Conclusion:pCD-Em10 may induce a protective immune response in mice infected with alveolar hydatid cyst of Echinococcus multilocularis.

Objective To investigate the reduction of hydatid cyst weight and change of splenocyte lymphokines in mice immunized with recombinant BCG-Eg95 vaccine of Echinococcus granulosus(Eg). Methods BALB/C mice were subcutaneously, intranasally, orally and intramuscularly vaccinated respectively, with BCG and PBS served as controls. The mice were challenged with Eg protoscolices 8 weeks after vaccination and sacrificed in 18 weeks after infection. The weight of hydatid cyst was measured and reduction of the weight was obtained, spleens were used to separate splenocytes which were cultured under stimulation with EgAg or ConA. The supernatant was collected to measure the level of IL-2、IFN-?、TNF- and IL-4 by ELISA. Results The hydatid cyst weight reduced by 45.77%, 18.20%, 88.05% and 92.46% respectively in the 4 immunization groups. In comparison with PBS control, the level of IL-2、IFN-?and TNF-?was (30.0?0) pg/ml, (65.0?0) pg/ml and (425.0?10.7) pg/ml respectively in the intramuscular group with a significant increase, but that of IL-4 decreased, with a value of (10.0?0) pg/ml. Conclusion The recombinant BCG-Eg95 vaccination induces Th1 response in mice against challenge infection.

Objective To dynamically observe changes of cytokines of splenocytes in mice by immunization with recombinant BCG-EmII/3 vaccine of Echinococcus multilocularis(Em).Methods BALB/C mice were intranasally vaccinated and then killed to get spleen on 0、2、4、6、8 and 10w of immunization respectively, splenocytes were isolated to culture with stimulation of EmAg or ConA,their supernatants were gathered to measure the level of IL-2,IFN-?,TNF-? and IL-4 by ELISA Kits. Results In the groups of immunization, levels of IL-2,IFN-?,TNF-? and IL-4 obviously increased on 2～6、2～6、2～10 and 8～10w respectively, reached the highest level on 4、4、8 and 10w respectively. Conclusion TH1 response was induced in mice by rBCG-EmII/3 vaccine by early immunization(2～8w).

Forty human fetuses ranging from C-R length 72 mm (which corresponds to a developmental stage of the second week in the third month of the embryo) to fullterm were used to investigate the nutrient arteries of the femora using the dissection method and roentgenography. In comparison with adults, there are apparently more (P

Objective To explore the feasibility of transauricular arterial access for hepatic artery catheterization in rabbits.Methods Thirty healthy New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n =6 in each group):transauricular vein injection group , transarterial infusion group , transarterial lipiodol group , transarterial gelfoam group and transhepatic puncture group .Every rabbit was prescribed elemene (20 mg/kg) via different access in 6 minutes. All the rabbits of hepatic artery catheterization were divided into two groups according to their serial number :transauricular arterial access group (odd, n=9) and transfemoral arterial access group (even, n=9).The arterial access could be changed each other due to the failure of one technique .The catheterization time , success rate and survival rate were compared between the two groups .Venous blood collection via auricular vein or jugular vein for pharmacokinetics was performed in each rabbit .Results Technical success rates of hepatic artery catheterization were 0% ( 0/9 ) and 88.9%( 16/18 ) for transauricular and transfemoral arterial access , respectively . The time duration of transauricular and transfemoral access groups was 28.4 ±13.6 and 33.9 ±19.6 minutes, respectively (P>0.05).The survival rates of the transauricular and transfemoral access groups were 100%(9/9) and 88.9%(16/18), respectively.Blood samples were collected via auricular vein in 4 and jugular vein in 23 rabbits.Conclusions Hepatic artery catheterization via transauricular arterial access is technically not feasible , while transfemoral access is simple and suitable in rabbits .Blood collection via the jugular vein may be a more reliable and valuable method for pharmacokinetic studies in rabbits .

Objective To explore the role of ureteroacopy for acute upper urinary tract obstructive anuria.Methods Clinical data of 37 cases with acute upper urinary tract obstructive anuria were analyzed.Results Among 37 cases,34 cases were successfully performed ureteroseopy or ureteroseopic lithotripsy with double-J sent incubation (successful rate was 91.9%).Renal function were recovery in 32 cases.4 Cases returned to 180μmol/L,1 case need hemodialysis periodically.Conclusion Ureteroscopy could rapidly remove the obstruction and protect renal function in management of acute upper urinary tract obstruction anuria,which was contributed to the diagnosis.It was safe,effective and the preferred method.