Objective To explore the characteristics of executive function and the changes of executive function in schizophrenics with and without homicide behaviors during follow-up.Methods Twenty-two schizophrenics with homicide behaviors (homicide group)and twenty-one schizophrenics without homicide behaviors (without-homicide group) were examined by Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST),and followed up 3 months.All patients'clinical symptoms were evaluated by positive and negative symptom scale(PANSS)at the same time.Re-suits (1)At the baseline,homicide group showed higher score in complete lst category(R1st)than without-homicide group((28.64±32.73)vs(11.71±8.10),P=0.027)and no difference on other index.(2)No difference on WCST in homicide group between at the baseline and at three-month treatment (P>0.05).Without-homicide group at the baseline showed higher score in conceptual level responses than that of at three-menth treatment((46.80±27.04)vs.(65.02±21.32),P=0.048).(3)Homicide group at three-month treatment showed lower scores in positive scale,general psychopathology scale,PANSS total,thought disorder,activation,paranoid,aggressive than that of at the baseline(P<0.05).Without-hemicide group at three-month treatment showed lower scores in positive scale,negative scale,general psychopathology scale,PANSS total,thought disorder,activation,aggressive than that of at the haseline(P<0.01).(4)At the baseline,there was no correlation between WCST and PANSS in homicide group,only R1st score correlated with activation positively in without-homicide group(P<0.05).At three-month treatment, homicide group showed the score of failure to maintain set negatively correlated with negative scale,PANSS total, and aggressive(P<0.05).Conclusions Schizophrenics with homicide and without-homicide behaviors show executive function deficits.Homicide group shows more deficits in abstraction capacity than without-homicide group.

Objective To investigate the auditory sensory gating P50 in schizophrenia patients with homicide during three months of follow up. Methods Twenty-five patients with schizophrenia patients with homicide and 27 healthy adults matched with age and education level were recruited in the present study. P50 was recorded in twenty-seven normal controls and twenty-five schizophrenia patients at the baseline. P50 was repeatedly recorded in eleven patients who completed the follow-up at three months following antipsychotics treatment. The psychotic symptoms of patients were assessed with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at the same time. Results ①In comparison with normal controls, schizophrenia patients with homicide showed increased S2-P50 amplitude (P<0.01), increased S2/S1 ratio (P<0.01), decreased S1-S2(P<0.05), and 100(1-S2/S1) (P<0.01) at the baseline and after three months treatment. The differences in P50 amplitude, latency, and P50 suppression index between the baseline and after three-month treatment in schizophrenia patients with homicide were not significant (P>0.05). ② Schizophrenia patients with homicide after three-month treatment showed decreased PANSS total scale, positive scale, general psychopathology scale, and six symptoms scales such as lack of response, thought disorder, activation, paranoid, depression, and aggression (P<0.05). ③ No significant correlations were found between the S2/S1 ratio, S2-S1, and 100(1-S2/S1) with disease duration, PANSS scores, and six symptoms scales at either baseline or after three-month treatment (P>0.05). Conclusions Schizophrenia with homicide has sensory gating deficits and P50 suppression index might be a stable trait maker for schizophrenia with homicide.

Objective To explore methods of quickly identifying loopholes in medical quality management and to improve medical quality by means of analyzing low-risk death cases.Methods Two rounds of analysis of 1 14 low-risk death cases of hospitals in Beijing in 2012 in terms of data quality and medical procedures,in an effort to identify problems and to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the method through interaction with other data.Results Totally 585 760 inpatients were discharged in 2012 from 21 hospitals,of whom 1 5 1 1 93 being low-risk cases.Such cases included 1 14 low-risk death cases, accounting for 0.01 9% of the total discharged,and 0.075% of low-risk discharged cases.Analysis of these medical records found 50 cases of problematic diagnosis (43.86%),45 cases of possible defects in diagnosis and treatment (39.47%),39 cases of missing items of secondary diagnosis (34.21%),and 28 cases of missing items of surgery/operation (24.56%). Some of the abovementioned cases had overlapping mistakes.Conclusion Analysis of low-risk death cases can help focus among massive data of medical records,problems of diagnostic and therapeutic insufficiency,pinpointing common problems in medical service and improving medical quality and fine management of hospitals.

Objective To detect the expression of E-cadherin and ?-catenin in breast carcinoma and analyze the relationship between E-cadherin and ?-catenin and the clinicopathological features. Methods The expression of E-cadherin and ?-catenin in breast cancer, paracarcinoma breast tissue, simple mastoplasia and atypical mastoplasia were detected by immunohistochemical method and the results were compared. Results The abnormal expression rates of E-cadherin and ?-catenin in breast cancer tissue were 51.9% and 61.1 %,respectively. Abnormal expression of E-cadherin was significantly correlated with histological grade. Abnormal expression of ?-catenin was significantly correlated with TNM staging, axillary lymph nodes metastasis and postoperative distant metastasis. COX multiple factor analysis showed that neither E-cadherin nor ?-catenin expression was an independent indicator for the prognosis of breast cancer. Conclusions Abnormal expressions of E-cadherin and ?-catenin are correlated with occurrence and development of breast carcinoma. Abnormal expressions of E-cadherin and ?-catenin are good indicators to judge invasion and metastasis of breast carcinoma.

Objective:To explore the spatio-temporal dynamics of brain mechanisms in visual change detection by 256-channel event-related potential (ERP) and low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) analyses.Methods：ERP were recorded in 12 healthy participants during performing an S1-S2 matching task.Visual stimuli defined by color and shape.Each trial consisted of two sequentially presented stimuli (S1 and S2),where S2 was either the same as S1,different from S1 in shape only,different in color only,or different in both color and shape.Subjects matched the stimuli according to task demands：attending to color and attending to shape.Result：Change condition elicited change-related positivity (CRP) ranging 135～165 ms.The estimated source regions contributing to CRP were lingual gyrus and cuneus of occipital lobe.N200 was elicited in no change and task-irrelevant change condition ranging 235～275 ms.The source for N200 was in the right temporal fusiform gyrus,middle temporal gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus.In the time window of 240～320 ms,N270 was elicited in all change conditions.The N270 source was localizable to the anterior cingulated cortex and amygdala.Conclusion：In the early stage,CRP reflects the preattentive processing of visual changes.The LORETA result confirms that CRP is generated in the early visual areas.N200 may be related to the active ignored processing of task-irrelevant change.The source for N200 is in the right temporal fusiform gyrus,middle temporal gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus.In the late stage,N270 reflects the advanced processing of visual change in the human brain.The N270 source may be in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and amygdala.

Objective To investigate the role of ?-catenin gene in breast tumorigenesis.Methods Mutation and expression of ?-catenin gene in 42 breast cancer tissues were detected by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism and immunohistochemistry.Results The rate of abnormal expression of ?-catenin in breast cancer tissuse was 59.5%(25/42).Mutation of ?-catenin gene was not detected in breast cancer tissue.Conclusions Abnormal expression of ?-catenin plays an important role in human breast tumorigenesis,but the cause of abnormal expression of ?-catenin is not mutation of ?-catenin gene.

To explore the characteristics of exploratory eye movement (EEM) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) in elderly patients with acute bipolar and unipolar depression. Methods Thirty-eight elderly patients with bipolar depression (bipolar group) and thirty-nine patients with unipolar depression (unipolar group) were enrolled. The 24-item Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-24) was used to evaluate depressive symptoms. The levels of peripheral serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol (COR) were detected. EEM was recorded to obtain the number of eye fixation (NEF), responsive search score (RSS) and discriminant analysis (D). Results Compared with the unipolar group, the bipolar group had earlier onset, longer duration, and more admissions (P＜0.05). In comparison with the bipolar group, the unipolar group had higher levels of ACTH and COR (P＜0.05), and higher abnormal proportion of COR and ACTH levels. D-values were higher and RSS-values were lower in unipolar group than in bipolar group. There were no significant differences in NEF and HAMD total scores and its subfactors between the two groups (P＞0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the D value of unipolar group was positively correlated with COR level (r=0.482, P=0.002) but not with other indexes (P＞0.05). There were no significant correlations between EEM parameters and serum levels of HPA hormones in bipolar group (P＞0.05). Conclusion There are different clinical features, EEM indicators, the serum levels of ACTH and COR between acute unipolar and bipolar depression, which suggests the heterogeneity between the two diseases.

BACKGROUND: It is difficult to cover aneurysm-like ventricular septal defect (VSD) of large inlet and multiple outlets completely with symmetrical type occluders or eccentric type occluders. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of A4B2 occluder devices for covering aneurysm-like VSD, and to observe the effects of proper occhiders selected according to pseudoaneurysm size on coveting aneurysm-like VSD. DESIGN: Case analysis.SETTING: the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University. PARTICIPANTS: From August 2004 to May 2006, 226 patients with the pseudoaneurysm of petimembranous VSD, who underwent interventional therapy in the First Hospital of Hehei Medical University, were recruited in the study. According to the results of the left ventricular angiography, 36 patients of pseudoaneurysm of petimembranous VSD with large inlet and multiple outlets were closured with A4B2 occluder devices. According to the results of the left ventricular angiography, the mean diameter of the left inlet of VSD was (10.6+8.7) mm (ranged from 8 to 21 mm), the mean diameter of the right outlet of VSD was (3.1 ± 2.9) mm (ranged from 2 to 8 ram). Main materials: Occluder device and delivery mechanism were offered by Shanghai Shape Memory Alloy Materials Company and Beijing Starway Medical Technology Inc. They were processed into double disks using nickel-titanium shape memory alloy wires by a special technology to close VSD by a transcatheter approach. The size of the occluder was denoted with the diameter of the waist, and the Size ranged from 4 to 16 mm in the present study. METHODS: All the occluders were transferred by a 7-10 F transferring sheath from right heart system, and the mean diameter of the occluders was (6.364-2.48) nun (ranged from 4 to 16 ram). Fifteen minutes after the procedure, left ventricular angiography and transthoracic echocardiography (TIE) were performed again to evaluate the efficacy. After the procedure, electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring lasted for 5 successive days in all patients, and ECG and TIE were performed 1, 3, 6 and 12 months later. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Residual shunt, arrhythmia and valve function as well as blood compatibility. RESULTS: Sixteen cases were closured by placing the occhiders into left inlet of VSD, 16 cases were closured by placing the occluders into the pseudoaneurysm completely, and 4 cases were closured at the outlet of the defects. The results of the left ventricular angiography and TTE that performed fifteen minutes after the procedure demonstrated that 32 cases were completely closured and slightly residual shunts (< 3 mm) was found in other 4 patients. And confirmed by TIE, the residual shunts completely disappeared in 2 of the 3 patients 24 hours later while in the other one in 1 month after the procedure. Temporary left bundle branch block was found in 3 cases while temporary right bundle branch block was found in 2 cases, and all of them recovered within one week. Without severe complications, all of the 36 patients were treated successfully with A4B2 (thin waist shape) occluder devices made in China. Critical appraisal in blood compatibility of the implantation materials used in this research had been performed. The hemolysis ratio was less than 5%, the platelet adhesion was less, and the blood coagulation function ,the immune system response( immunoglobulin and complement)and the re-endothelialization of material surface were all normal. CONCLUSION: Transcatheter interventional therapy with domestic A4B2 occluder devices for VSD with pseudoaneurysm is safe, effective, promising, and has fewer complications. The key to the procedure is to select suitable occluders and suitable positions where to plant them according to the size, morphologic characteristics, position, and maturity of the pseudoaneurysm.

Objective To use diagnosis related group (DRGs ) for the first time in overall evaluation of inpatient service performance evaluation of major diagnostic category (MDC)for all the Beijing municipal hospitals,and recommend how to strengthen Beijing municipal hospitals system in diagnosis and treatment ability of main diseases and improve inpateint service performance.Methods BJ-DRGs burster software was used to analyze the first page information of the medical records of cases discharged from all the Beijing municipal hospitals between 2012 and 2014 to determine the weight of each DRG,and based on such weight the related indicators of such hospitals and central hospitals in 2012, 2013,2014 were compared and analyzed.Results Improvements were found in such indices as diagnosis and treatment difficulty of 50% MDC,time efficiency of 81.8% MDC,cost efficiency of 77.3% MDC, and general capacity of 54.5% MDC for all Beijing municipal hospitals.In addition,the municipal hospitals were found superior to the central hospitals in such indices as cost efficiency of 68.2% MDC, and time efficiency of 59.1% MDC.On the other hand however,they were found inferior to the central hospitals in such indices as diagnosis and treatment difficulty of 72.7% MDC,and the comprehensive ability index of the two systems were found equivalent.Another finding was that there was no obvious improvement of the coverage of disease types at major tertiary hospitals in Beijing for the past three years.Municipal hospitals of greater contribution of MDC weight were highly consistent with the hospitals assigned with national key projects of disciplinary developments. Conclusion The comprehensive evaluation results of inpatient service performance of main diseases at Beijing’s municipal hospitals based on DRGs system,showed that the Beijing’s hospital authority had played an important role in improving inpatient service performance especially in reducing the burden of patients,improving the service efficiency through increasing government investment,optimizing service organization and implementation of performance management.But it also suggested that measures such as collectivize construction and management should be taken to improve municipal hospitals’linical specialty ability, improve the MDC diagnosis and treatment difficulty,and resume their functions of tertiary hospitals.

ObjectiveAnalyze the current situation, hotspots and development trends of sarcopenia animal model to provide research direction and basic information for sarcopenia animal model research. MethodsEnglish literature of research on animal models of sarcopenia was retrieved from the Web of Science core data (WOS) set from 1900-01-01 to 2022-12-31. Chinese literature related to animal models of sarcopenia was retrieved from CNKI database between 1915 and 2022. The bibliometric analysis software VOSviewer was used to explore the countries, orgonizations, authors, hotspots and frontier directions in these studies. ResultsA total of 2 819 articles on animal models of sarcopenia were retrieved from WOS core database. The first paper was published in 1995. The United States has the largest number of animal model studies of sarcopenia with 1 105 articles. The institution with the most published articles is the University of Florida in the United States, with 69 articles. The University of Hong Kong has the highest number of publications in China, with 20 articles. American author Van Remmen H, with 50 publications, is the author of the most articles. The journal with the largest number of articles published on animal models of sarcopenia is the American journal called FASEB Journal, with 196 articles. In total, 423 articles on animal models of sarcopenia were retrieved from the CNKI database. Author LI Zhuyi has published 19 articles, and is the author of the most articles in China. The keyword co-occurrence clustering analysis of WOS literature search found that the research focus on animal model of sarcopenia can be summarized as the correlation between sarcopenia and metabolism, cytology and regenerative medicine of sarcopenia animal models, the study of sarcopenia animal models in bone, muscle, nerve and exercise therapy. The retrieval results of CNKI database revealed that the most extensive research was about on the model of denervated sarcopenia, and researches on the effects of Chinese medicine on sarcopenia were also widely reported. Through reading the full articles or abstracts of the literature, the animal models of sacopenia mainly include natural aging model, genetic modification model, high-fat diet induction model, disuse model, hormone induction model and complex sarcopenia models of other diseases. ConclusionIn recent years, the study on animal model of sarcopenia has become a hotspot at home and abroad.The bibliometric analysis provides a basis for the research of animal models of sarcopenia in terms of research direction, hotspots, model animal selection, animal model making, and domestic and international communication and cooperation.