Objective To investigate the effects of hyperoxaluria on rat renal tubular epithelium intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca~(2+)]i) and cell apoptosis, and explore the protective effects of calcium antagonist-nifedipine. Methods Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=10). Rats in water-drinking group were treated with deionized water, nifedipine group with deionized water and nifedipine 10 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1), calculi-induced group with deionized water containing 1% ethylene glycol, and three calculi-induced+nifedipine-intervening groups with deionized water containing 1% ethylene glycol plus nifedipine 3, 6 and 10 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1), respectively. Four weeks later, the 24 h oxaluria concentration was measured, the apoptosis index of renal tubular epithelial cells was detected with TUNEL method, and Ca~(2+) fluorescence intensity of cells of renal proximal tubules was determined by flow cytometry using Fluo-3/AM staining. Results The 24 h oxaluria concentrations in calculi-induced group and calculi-induced+nifedipine-intervening groups were higher than those in water-drinking group and nifedipine group (P＜0.01). The apoptosis index and Ca~(2+) fluorescence intensity were significantly higher in calculi-induced group than those in water-drinking group (P<0.01). The Ca~(2+) fluorescence intensity in calculi-induced+nifedipine (3, 6 and 10 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))-intervening groups was 76.7%, 62.7% and 56.4% of calculi-induced group, respectively, with a significant dose-effect relationship (r=0.839, P<0.01). The apoptosis index of renal tubular epithelial cells was significantly correlated with Ca~(2+) fluorescence intensity (r=0.826, P<0.01). Conclusion Hyperoxaluria can increase apoptosis and [Ca~(2+)]i concentration of renal tubular epithelial cells in rats, and nifedipine can effectively protect renal tubular epithelial cells to resist hyperoxaluria.

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a type of protein tyrosine kinase in the cytoplasm, is highly expressed in many types of malignant tumors. FAK is named as such because of its close relationship with the cell adhesion function. Recent studies show that FAK is expressed in many tumor cells and has a definite relationship with cancer progress, metastasis, and prognosis. Accordingly, FAK has become one of the new tumor therapeutic targets that will bring new methods for tumor therapy.

0.05).Conclusion Hypertonic stress can induce the airway epithelial cells to develop a high mucus secretion with the concentration-dependent manner in the level of transcription,P38 signal pathway plays a major role.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and prognosis of nimotuzumab combined with intensity modulated radiotherapy(IMRT) in the treatment of advanced local nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods 82 patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma were selected, and they were randomly divided into observation group(40 cases) and control group(42 cases) according to the digital table.The observation group was treated with nimotuzumab plus IMRT plus cisplatin, and the control group was treated with IMRT plus cisplatin.After 7 weeks of treatment, the clinical efficacy, adverse reactions and T cell subsets were observed.And the patients were followed up for 1 year, 2 years and 3 years to evaluate the survival rate.Results In the observation group, the total remission rate was 75.00%,which was higher than that in the control group(59.09%),the difference was statistically significant(x2=35.81,P<0.05).The CD+4,CD+8 and CD+4/CD+8 levels in the observation group were similar to those in the control group(tCD+4=0.59,P=0.56;tCD+8=1.70,P=0.01;tCD+4/CD+8=0.13,P=0.89).The incidence rates of Ⅰ degree and Ⅱ degree mucosal reaction and dermatitis in the observation group were 35.00%,40.00%,40.00%,35.00%,respectively,which were higher than 9.09%,9.09%,9.09%,9.09% of the control group,the differences were statistically significant(x2Ⅰmucous membrane=4.18,P=0.04;x2Ⅱmucous membrane=5.52,P=0.02;x2Ⅰdermatitis=5.52,P=0.02;x2Ⅱdermatitis=4.18,P=0.04).The 2-year and 3-year survival rates in the observation group were 65.50%,60.00%,respectively,which were significantly higher than 31.82%,27.27% in the control group, the differences were statistically significant(x2=4.11,P=0.04;x2=4.58,P=0.03).Conclusion Nimotuzumab combined with IMRT in the treatment of advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma has good short-term clinical efficacy, good long-term efficacy and controllable adverse reactions.It is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness, the influence on cellular immune function and the side-effect of bacillus of Calmette-Guerin polysaccharide nucleic acid(BCG-PSN)combined with antituberculous chemotherapy in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods A total of 60 pulmonary tuberculosis patients were divided into treatment group(30 patients)and control group(30 patients)by random digits table. All patients accepted the same standard antituberculous chemotherapy, meanwhile patients in treatment group were injected with BCG-PSN. Observed and compared the clinical symptom,the size of the focas nidus,the change of toxic response and immunity. Results The symptoms were significantly relieved in both groups after treatment(P＜0.05), but it was significantly better in treatment group(P＜0.05), the effective rate and control rate in treatment group[36.7%(11/30),96.7%(29/30)]were significantly higher than those in control group[23.3%(7/30), 86.7%(26/30)](P ＜ 0.05). After treatment,the levels of CD3,CD4 and IL-2 were higher, and the level of CD8 was lower, but the treatment group improved significantly better than control group(P ＜ 0.05). The rate of leukopenia was lower in treatment group than that in control group[10.0%(3/30)vs. 33.3%(10/30),P ＜0.05]. As to the safety,no other toxicities were observed in the treatment group. Conclusions BCG-PSN combined with antituberculous chemotherapy in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis contributes to relieve the symptom, reduce size of the nidus, decrease leukopenia incidence and enhance the cell immunity. It is safe.

The clinical data of 31 patients with delayed hemothorax between August 2003 to November 2010 was retrospectively analyzed. All patients had chest pain, difficult breathing in 14 cases (45％), heart rate increased in 19 patients (61％), fever in 16 cases (52％), abdomen pain in 3 patients (10％), and shock in 1 case (3％).Haemothorax was medium to massive and combined with pneumothorax in 9 cases. Twenty one patients received closed chest drainage, 4 recieved chest puncture to eliminate fluid, 5 were treated conservatively, and 1 had surgery for diaphragmatic hernia and hemorrhage.All patients recovered eventually. The key of diagnosis and treatment for delayed hemothorax is to take chest X-ray for patients with rib fractures in 2 to 9 days after chest trauma, and carefully observing the changes of chest signs, breathing, heart rate and body temperature.

Objective To investigate the effect of vitamin K3 decreasing the urine oxalate excretion in rats. Methods A total of 80 male Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight, 200-250g) were randomly divided into 8 groups, ie, control group, only vitamin K3 group, stone forming group, stone forming plus 4.0、3.0、2.0、0.8、0.4mg/d Vit K3 group. Each group is 10 rats respectively. The change of urine oxalate was observed. Results Vitamin K3 can reduce the 24h urine oxalate excretion in stone-forming group rats, but there were no effects in control group rats(P

Objective To determine the effect of nifedipine on the formation of nephrolithiasis in rat models and its mechanism of action. Methods A total of 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight, 200-250g) were randomly divided into 6 groups, ie, control group, only nifedipine group, stone forming group, stone forming plus 3, 6, 10 mg?kg-1?d-1 nifedipine group. Each group is 10 rats respectively. Hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate crystals were produced in rats by ethylene glycol in drinking water. Four weeks later, all rats were sacrificed and the calcium oxalate crystallization in kidney, the renal free radical level, the renal cell apoptosis indexes and the blood and urine biochemical indexes were detected. Results The renal calcium oxalate crystallization in the rat with different dose nifedipine was less than the stone forming rats 37.0%, 55.6%, 66.7% significantly (P

Objective To investigate the effect of different doses of Vitamin K3 on the expression of osteopontin in rats kidney. Methods After different dose of Vitamin K3 were injected to different groups of rats feeded with same stone-inducing agent, the level of expression of OPN in renal tissues was observed with immunohistological staining. Results OPN expression located at distal convoluted tubule when the rats feeded without stone-inducing agent, and the OPN expression stain was extended to proximal convoluted tubule when the stone-inducing agent was feeded. Vitamin K3 can decrease the extension of OPN expression induced by the agent and more doses of Vitamin K3, more effects. Conclusions Vitamin K3 can decrease the expression of OPN in the kidney tubule of rats feeded with stone-induced agent.

Objective In order to deeper understand DCIS,improve the rate of diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy.Methods The clinical data of 123 DCIS treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University were retrospectively analyzed in regards to age at onset of disease,clinical features,breast ultrasound examination,mammography examination,pathology,immunohistochemistry examination,and surgical methods.Results(1) The average age at onset was(47.7?9.3) years.(2)The major features on physical examination were breast lump in 79cases,nipple discharge in 19cases,and breast pain with glandular thickening in 30 cases.(3)Among 45 cases that underwent both ultrasound and mammography examination,in 17cases(60%) and 30 cases(66.7%) respectively,might be positive for malignancy,but the difference between the 2 melhods was not significant.With the use of both methods togather,diagmosis of possible malignant lesion was made in 37 cases(82.2%).(4) Sixty-five cases underwent breast ultrasound examination,substantive mass was found in 43 cases(66%),blood flow signals in 41 cases(63%),ductal dilatation in 52 cases(80%) and intraductal spotty strong light beam in 33 cases(50.7%).(5) Fifty-two cases underwent breast mammography examination,which showed sand-like calcification,mass with calcification clusters,localized gland density and breast tumor.(6)The immunohistochemistry examination included estrogen receptor(ER),progesterone receptor(PR),p53 and c-erbB-2,but the rate of positive expressios of those indices showed no significance difference between DCIS and DIS with microvasion(DCIS-MI).(7)Six cases underwent radical mastectomy(of which there were 3 cases of DCIS-MI).Modified radical mastectomy was done in 86 cases,including 59 cases of DCIS,27 cases of DCIS-MI.Lymph node metastasis was found in 2 cases of DCIS,and 5 cases of DCIS-MI.ConclusionsCombined breast ultrasound and mammography can increase the rate of DCIS diagnosis.