The attempt of vitrectomy is to remove the lesion of vitreous body and relieve vitreous traction to retina.Whether the vitrectomy is successful or not depend on if exist a close adhesion between vitreous body and retina or a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).The drug assisted vitrectomy is a new technique.These drugs can help surgeon to form PVD during surgery safely and effectively.The drug is utilized prior to vitreoretinal operation to promote the colliquate of vitreous body or dissolve of fibroplasia membrane of the vitreous body in order to release the traction between the posterior cortex of vitreous body and the inner limiting membrane of retina.The research advance in relevant drugs is reviewed in this article.

Objective To investigate the effect of total flavonoids of Herba Epimedii (HEF) on the apoptosis of osteoblasts in the ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Methods Fifty-four female rats were allocated into 6 groups (9 rats in each group) ; OVX group, sham-operated group, 3 groups with OVX followed by three different dosages of HEF(40,80 and 160 mg· kg-1·d-1) and another group by nilestriol (0.1 mg· kg-1·d-1) for 12 weeks respectively. Bone mineral density (BMD) of whole body of rats was determined by DEXA. The serum level of estradiol was measured by radioimmunologic assay. Apoptotic ceils were examined using terminal dexynudeotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and observed by electron microscope. The protein expressions of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 ,fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 and Fas were tested withimmunohistochemical methods. Results Compared with the OVX group,BMD in the HEF treated (80 and 160 mg ·kg-1·d-1) groups were increased (P < 0.01), but the serum level of estradiol was not increased (P >0.05). Positive expression rate of apoptotie osteoblasts and osteocytes in the OVX group was significantly higher than that in sham-operated group after 12 weeks (P < 0. 01), and were decreased after HEF treatment (P < 0.01).Compared with the OVX group, Fas expression in the HEF treated groups was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and expressions of TGF-β1 and FGF-2 were significantly increased, especially in 80 and 160 mg·kg-1·d-1 HEF groups (P < 0.01). Conclusion HEF has antiosteoporotic effect in ovariectomized rats. HEF can inhibit apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes, which may thus contribute to its antiosteoporotic effect.

Implantation of biological materials are required for rhinoplasty,nasal septum support,filling nasal tip,correction of nasal deformities from trauma,nasal hump deformity correction,and correction of cleft lip nasal secondary deformity. Biological materials for rhinoplasty include silicone rubber,expanded polytetrafluoroethylene,high-density polyethylene,polymethyl methacrylate,hydroxyapatite,and composite materials. However,those materials are limited due to easy onset of complication or high price; therefore,they need to be further modified. In recent years,tissue-engineered bone is expected to provide a more safe and effective implant material for rhinoplasty.

Objective Previous researches demonstrated that pyrroledithiocarbomate (PDTC), an inhibitor of nuclear factor, results in specific inhibition on nuclear factor-κB and therefore suppress cataract formation. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of nuclear factor-κB inhibitor on cataract formation after alkali burn in rats. Methods Ocular surface alkali burn models were established in the right eyes of 40 SPF Wistar rats by putting the 7 mm filter paper with 1 mol/L NaOH in the central cornea for 60 seconds. PDTC (2 mg/mL, 0. 1 mL) was subconjunctivaly injected everyday in 20 model eyes and the equivalent amount of normal saline solution was used in the same way in other 20 model eyes. The rats were killed in the first, third, fifth and seventh day after alkali burn and lenses were obtained for the histopathological examination, and immunochemistry and polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the expression of nuclear factor-κB in lens epithelial cells. The experiment and use of animal followed the Standard of Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. Results After alkali burn, lens epithelial cells namely fell off in control group but those of experimental group were complete in the first day. In the third day, the lens cortex was obviously condensed in both two groups. In the fifth and seventh day, the lens epithelial cells fell off and lens cortex was obviously briquetted. Lots of vacuole and fragments could be seen in both groups. The gray scale value of nuclear factor-κB in lens epithelial cells were significantly higher in 1 day and 3 days after alkali burn in PDTC group compared with control group(t =2. 836, P =0. 036; t =4. 932, P =0.004) . The nuclear factor-κB /p-actin values were considerably lowed in 1 day and 3 days after alkali burn in PDTC group compared with control group (t = 31. 563, P = 0. 000; t = 17. 837, P = 0. 000). No statistically significant difference were found in gray scale values of nuclear factor-κB and nuclear factor-κB/p-actin values in 5 days and 7 days after alkali burn between PDTC group and control group (P＞0. 05). Conclusion Early usage of inhibitor of nuclear factor plays a suppressive role in cataract formation after ocular surface alkali burn of rat model.

Objective That decline of estradiol in serum of postmenopausal women can result in dry eye has been accepted at present. However, the change of estradiol in tear of postmenopausal women has been not reported ever. This study was to discuss the relationship between dry eye syndrome and estradiol in tears and serum of postmenopausal women. Methods Total 62 eyes of 62 women were collected in this trial. The aim of this trial was informed orally and the informed consent was obtained from all the subjects. The 32 right eyes were from menopausal women for more one year and 30 right eyes were from premenopause women. The dry eye was diagnosed based on the abnormalities of tear break-up time (BUT), Schirmer I test, corneal fluorescence and subjective symptom of patients. The periphery blood specimen was collected from all the subjects, and tear specimen was obtained and quantified using filter paper. Estradiol contents in tears and serum were determined by chemiluminescence method. The bulbar conjunctiva was obtained by impression cytology, and the microstructure of conjunctiva was observed under the scanning electron microscopy. Results In comparison to the premenopause group, the content of estradiol in tears and serum in menopause group was significantly reduced(73. 50 ±24.47 vs 17. 43 ± 10. 92) (U = -6. 396, P =0. 001). In the premenopause group, the estradiol content between tear and serum showed the positive correlation (r = 0. 838, P = 0. 001) . However, no statistical correlation was found in estradiol content between tears and serum in menopause group(r =0. 127, P = 0. 487). The maicrostructure changes were seen in the dry eyes of postmenopausal women, and decrease of goblet cell and loosen of intercellular junction were found under the electron microscope. Conclusion The content of estradiol in tears in menopause group is significantly lower than that in the premenopause group. Estradiol content in tears and serum of the postmenopausal women showes insignificant correlation. This result indicates that the topical substitute therapy with estradiol is possible in dry eye.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of serum iron(Fe),total iron binding capacity(TIBC),serum ferritin(SF), folic acid(FA)and vitamin 12(ViB12 )in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic renal failure(CRF).Methods Fasting blood sam-ples were collected from 72 patients with CRF and 83 normal controls.Then the serum SF,ViB12 and FA contents were measured by the ARCHITECT i2000SR fully automatic chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer;serum Fe and TIBC were detected by the VITORS FS 5.1 dry biochemical analyzer;RBC,HGB,HCT and MCV were analyzed by the Mindray BC-6800 complete automated blood counter.The detection results were performed the statistical analysis by the SPSS16.0 software.Results The levels of TIBC,RBC,HGB and HCT in the CRF patients were significantly lower than those in the control group(P <0.05);while the SF and ViB12 levels were significantly higher than those in the control group;serum Fe and MCV had no statistical difference compared with the control group(P >0.05);the FA level in the female patients was lower than that in the control group,but which in the male patients had no statistical differences compared with the control group(P >0.05).Conclusion The indexes of anemia associat-ed metabolin in the CRF patients can provide certain reference value for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic renal fail and has cer-tain guidance significance for correcting anemia caused by renal insufficiency.

Objective To evaluate the methods of measuring platelet-associated antibody PAIgG/ PAIgA/ PAIgM by flow cytometry(FCM) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and to investigate their diagnostic value for patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP).Methods With FCM and ELISA respectively, PAIg on the platelet membrane and in plasma were measured in 19 patients with ITP and 17 healthy volunteers, and were compared with each other in order to find out whether there were differences in these groups.Results FCM and ELISA measurement in patients with ITP were significantly higher than those in control group (P0.05). Compared with the results of ELISA, the positive percentage of PAIgG measured by FCM(84%) in ITP patients was slightly higher than that by ELISA(79%).Conclusion The platelet-associated antibodies of PAIgG/ PAIgA/ PAIgM, especially PAIgG,are important for diagnosing ITP. FCM, in combination with ELISA, may improve the reliability and the positive percentage of detection in ITP patients.

Objective To analysis of the causes, operative methods and the clinical results in patients with dislocated intraocular lens(IOL). Methods 11 cases (11 eyes) underwent surgical management of dislocated IOL were analyzed retrospectively. Results In the all cases trauma was the main cause; Surgical techniques included IOL exchange in 3 eyes and IOL removal in 1eye,removal combined with re-implantation in 5 eyes, simple cut the after cataract in 2 eyes, the final best-corrected visual acuity was 0.6~0.8 in 3 patients (27.27%), 0.4～0.5 in 4 patients (45.45%) ,0.2~0.3 in 2 patients (18.18%) and

B ecause of the exist of com plex m atrix, the confirm ing indicators of qualitative results for toxic substances in biological sam ples by chrom atography-m ass spectrom etry are different from that in non-biological sam ples. E ven in biological sam ples, the confirm ing indicators are different in various ap-plication areas. T his paper review s the sim ilarities and differences of confirm ing indicators for the ana-lyte in biological sam ples by chrom atography-m ass spectrom etry in the field of forensic toxicological analysis and other application areas. T hese confirm ing indicators include retention tim e (R T ), relative re-tention tim e (R R T ), signal to noise (S/N ), characteristic ions, relative abundance of characteristic ions, parent ion-daughter ion pair and abundance ratio of ion pair, etc.

Objective To assess the application of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in evaluation of the renal cortical and medullary perfusion changes before and after acute renal failure (ARF) in rabbits. Methods Rabbit ARF models were established with intramuscular 50% glycerin (12-15 ml/kg) injection into rabbits' thighs. One day before and after ARF models establishment, CEUS was performed on each rabbit. The renal perfusion time-intensity curve (TIC) was analyzed, including parameters like AT (arrival time), TTP (time to peak intensity), A (amplitude of peak intensity), AUC (area under the curve), β (slope rate of TIC) of renal cortex and medulla. Results The value of A and β before model establishment was (17.36±13.73) dB and (5.38±2.08) dB/s, respectively, both was significantly higher than those after glycerin injection ([6.59±4.25] dB and [1.58±1.41] dB/s, respectively) (P<0.05). The value of TTP and AUC before model establishment was (2.46±1.76) s and (329.31±171.70) dBs, both was significantly lower than those after injection ([5.93±4.80] s and [722.28±354.14] dBs, respectively) (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in AT of renal cortex and AT, A, TTP, AUC, β of renal medulla, nor in SCr or BUN. Conclusion CEUS can display the changes of perfusion image of the renal cortex of the ARF earlier than SCr and BUN.