Objective To investigate the effect of total flavonoids of Herba Epimedii (HEF) on the apoptosis of osteoblasts in the ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Methods Fifty-four female rats were allocated into 6 groups (9 rats in each group) ; OVX group, sham-operated group, 3 groups with OVX followed by three different dosages of HEF(40,80 and 160 mg· kg-1·d-1) and another group by nilestriol (0.1 mg· kg-1·d-1) for 12 weeks respectively. Bone mineral density (BMD) of whole body of rats was determined by DEXA. The serum level of estradiol was measured by radioimmunologic assay. Apoptotic ceils were examined using terminal dexynudeotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and observed by electron microscope. The protein expressions of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 ,fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 and Fas were tested withimmunohistochemical methods. Results Compared with the OVX group,BMD in the HEF treated (80 and 160 mg ·kg-1·d-1) groups were increased (P < 0.01), but the serum level of estradiol was not increased (P >0.05). Positive expression rate of apoptotie osteoblasts and osteocytes in the OVX group was significantly higher than that in sham-operated group after 12 weeks (P < 0. 01), and were decreased after HEF treatment (P < 0.01).Compared with the OVX group, Fas expression in the HEF treated groups was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and expressions of TGF-β1 and FGF-2 were significantly increased, especially in 80 and 160 mg·kg-1·d-1 HEF groups (P < 0.01). Conclusion HEF has antiosteoporotic effect in ovariectomized rats. HEF can inhibit apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes, which may thus contribute to its antiosteoporotic effect.

Objective To investigate the clinical distribution and drug-susceptibility characteristics of yeast speeies in tumor patients with invasive yeast infections in order to provide the gist for clinical therapy.Methods The medical records of 70 tumor patients with invasive yeast infections from January 2006 to December 2008 were collected.retrospectively.The relationship between different tumor types and invasive yeast infections was analyzed.The clinical distribution and drug-susceptibility characteristics of 70 isolates of yeast were investigated.Results The sites of invasive yeast infections were abdominal(32 cases),blood(18 cases),biliary(9 cases),central nervous system(6 cases)and chest infection(5 cases).respectively.The most common species causing the above infections was Candida albicans(34 isolates,48.6%).The mortality of invasive yeast infection was 15.7%.The main types of tumor in 70 patients with invasive yeast infections were pancreatic carcinoma(12 cases),stomach carcinoma(11 cases)and hepatocellular carcinoma(7 cases).No relationship was found between tumor types and yeast infections with different species(P=0.804,P>0.05).There were 18 patients with tumor metastasis.Among them.9 patients had yeast bloodstream infections and 6 with yeast abdominal infections.Yeast bloodstream infections were more likely to be found in patients with tumor metastasis(χ~2=5.357,P<0.05).Seventy isolates of yeasts were all sensitive to triazoles.The MIC values of amphotericin B aginst 6 isolates of Candida and 2 Laurent cryptococcal were 2μg/ml.Conclusion Patients with tumor metastasis should be paid more attention for yeast invasive infections.and triazoles kept activity against yeasts tested.

90%),but they had low susceptibility rate to itraconazole(70.62%-50.45%).CONCLUSIONS The main species of fungi isolated from clinic is Can albicans which is susceptible to antifungal agents.It is important to give active treatment and choose antifungal agents reasonably for improving the prognosis and reduce drug-resistant strains.

An optimized two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) system for analyzing plant proteins was developed by evaluating different reagents and concentrations used in the sample extraction solutions and lysis buffers. Two main sample preparation methods, referred to as trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-acetone method and phenol extraction-ammonium acetate/methanol (phenol-NH4Ac/methanol) precipitation method, were compared. Four ecotypes of reed plants (Phragmites communis Trin.) from the desert region of north-western China were used as experimental materials: (1) swamp reed (SR) which grows in water about 1 m deep; (2) dune reed (DR) which grows on 5～10 m high sand dunes; (3) heavy salt meadow reed (HSMR) which grows on low-lying salt flats; and (4) light salt meadow reed (LSMR) which grows in the transition area between DR and HSMR growing areas. The optimized phenol-NH4Ac/methanol precipitation method consisted of extracting leaf proteins of different ecotypes of reed with water-saturated phenol and then precipitating with a 5-fold volume of 0.1 mol/L NH4Ac in methanol, followed by dissolving in the lysis buffer. The optimized protein lysis buffer consisted of 7 mol/L urea, 2 mol/L thiourea, 4% CHAPS, 2% Ampholine(pH 3.5～10∶pH 5～8 = 1∶4) and 65 mmol/L DTT. The prepared protein sample (80 ?g) was then separated by 2-DE gel and detected by silver staining method. This improved 2-DE system resulted in a 2-D protein profile of higher resolution and higher protein yields as analyzed by PDQuest software. Good results were also obtained when this 2-DE system was used in 2-D analysis of proteins from other plant materials, such as rice leaves, indicating that it is a suitable 2-DE system for analyzing leaf proteins of different plant species.

Objective To evaluate the control effects on coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis in Shangli County and Yuanzhou District of Jiangxi Province in 2014.Methods Self-evaluation at the county level was carried out in all diseased villages in Shangli County and Yuanzhou District,including 145 villages of Shangli County and 32 villages of Yuanzhou District.Review at the provincial level was based on the results of selfevaluation of the county,3 towns were chosen in each county (district),3 villages were chosen in each town,a total of 18 villages were re-checked in Shangli County and Yuanzhou District,and 10 households were chosen to recheck in each village.According to the project requirements for endemic disease control,in all diseased villages of Shangli County and Yuanzhou District,self-evaluation results of the county was used to evaluate the status of the improved and the used stoves,and dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12.Review at the provincial level was carried,and the results were evaluated based on the Standards for Control Criteria for Endemic Fluorosis Areas (GB 17017-2010) and Elimination of Coal-burning-borne Endemic Fluorosis.Results Self-evaluation of the county:110 443 households in Shangli County and 20 280 households in Yuanzhou District were investigated,the qualified rates of improved stoves were 92.45％ (102 109/110 443) and 98.28％ (19 932/20 280),respectively;the correct-usage rates of qualified stoves were 93.46％ (95 427/102 109) and 98.47％ (19 627/19 932),respectively.Dental fluorosis of 28 772 children were examined,the number of dental fluorosis was 5 730,the prevalence rate of dental fluorosis was 19.92％ (5 730/28 772);Shangli County and Yuanzhou District were up to the standard of fluorosis control,the rates of control were 95.17％ (138/145) and 100.00％ (32/32),respectively.Review at the provincial level:180 households were selected,the qualified numbers of improved stoves and the correct-usage of qualified stoves were 179 and 177,respectively,the qualified rate of improved stoves was 99.44％ (179/180) and the correct-usage rates of qualified stoves was 98.88％ (177/179).Dental fluorosis of 805 children were examined,the number of dental fluorosis was 139,the prevalence rate of dental fluorosis was 17.27％ (139/805).The consistency rate of county-level and provincial-level was 88.89％ (16/18).Conclusion The control efficiency for coal-burningborne fluorides in Shangli County and Yuanzhou District of Jiangxi Province is obvious,the prevalence is under control.

Objective To compare several methods for the rapid detection of methicillin resistant StaphylOCOCCUS aureus(MRSA).Methods Forty-four Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital(TMUCIH)were detected by Oxacillin Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method,Cefoxitin Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method,Oxacillin micro-broth dilution method,E tests and PBP2a Latex agglutinaltion assay.These above results were compared with PCR analysis.Results PCR analysis showed that 36 MRSA strains containing mecA was identified.Thirty-two MRSA strains were detected by Oxacillin Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method,Cefoxitin Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and Oxacillin micro-broth dilution method.Compared with PCR analysis,the sensitivity and specificity is 88.9%and 100%respectively.Thirty-three MRSA strains were identified by E test,with the sensitivity of 88.9%and specificity of 87.5%.Twenty-nine MRSA strains were identified by PBP2a latex agglutination assay with the sensitivity of 80.5%and specificity of 100%.Conclusions The turnaround time of PBP2a Latex agglutination assay could be reduced 24 h compared with other methods for detection of MRSA.This rapid,convenient and specific method could be applied in clinical laboratories for MRSA detection.

Objective To report a Chinese boy suffering from nephrotic syndrome associated with Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia (SIOD). Methods The clnical data and pathological changes of renal biopsy were analyzed and associated literatures were reviewed. The clinicopathological features and diagnosis of SIOD were discussed. Results The first symptom of the patient was recurrent infections. Growth retardation, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia accompanied by nephrotic syndrome and defective cellular immunity were seen as clinical features in this patient. Renal pathology showed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Conclusion Combining the clinical manifestation with renal pathology, the case is diagnosed as Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia.

Objective:To analyze risk factors of cancer patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections and drug resistance. Methods:Clinical data of 30 cancer patients with P. aeruginosa bloodstream infection and 90 without infection who were ad-mitted in the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital between January 2010 and December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Whonet 5.6 and SPSS19.0 software were used for statistical analysis of the data. Results:The infection group consisted of 20 male and 10 female patients with a mean age of 60.9±11.2 years. The control group consisted of 60 males and 30 females with a mean age of 51.3 ± 15.9 years. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the number of hospitalization, combined with infection of other sites, and more than two types of antibiotics were independent risk factors of cancer patients with P. aeruginosa bloodstream infec-tions. P. aeruginosa showed high sensitivity(>80%) to carbapenems, ceftazidime, cefepime, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones. The mortality rate of cancer patients with P. aeruginosa bloodstream infections was 60%. Conclusion:Cancer patients with P. aerugino-sa bloodstream infections have high mortality. Therefore, comprehensive prevention and control measures must be implemented in clini-cal practice to reduce P. aeruginosa bloodstream infections.

phological changes in rat liver tissues. TLR4 and NF-κB expression in the liver tissues were measured by im-munohistochemistry . The results showed that compared with the normal group , the serum levels of transaminase ( ALT , AST ) and endotoxin of the model group were higher ( P < 0 . 01 ); and the degree of liver pathology injury was significantly increased; the TLR4 and NF-кB expression were increased (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the serum levels of transaminase (ALT, AST) and endotoxin of the experimental group were lower (P < 0.01), the degree of liver pathology injury was significantly lighter; the TLR4 and NF-кB expression were significantly lower (P < 0.01). It was concluded that the WYJDHY granules has a good role in the prevention and treatment of liver injury of rat model of hepatic failure IETM through the downregulation of liver expression of TLR4 and NF-кB in rat liver tissues , reducing serum levels of endotoxin , which may be one of the mecha-nisms on hepatic failure treatment .

Objective To determine the distribution profile of apocrine sweat glands in axillary region of patients with axillary osmidrosis,and to compare their distribution at different sites.Methods Fifteen patients with axillary osmidrosis were enrolled in this study from September to December 2010.All the patients underwent surgical removal of apocrine sweat glands under direct vision.Full-thickness skin tissue measuring 2 mm in width was excised down to the axillary superficial fascia at the incisional surgical sites from five patients.Five points,which were at the center of axillary region (point 1),1 cm away from the center of axillary region (point 2),1 cm inside the edge of axillary hair-bearing area (point 3),the edge of axillary hair-bearing area (point 4),and 1 cm outside the edge of axillary hair-bearing area (point 5),were marked,and dark red,rough granular subcutaneous tissue was obtained at these points in 10 patients with axillary osmidrosis.Results The secretory portion of apocrine sweat glands was mainly distributed in the reticular dennis and superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue,but no apocrine sweat glands were obs erred in the epidermis,dermal papilla or axillary superficial fascia.The distribution profile of apocrine sweat glands was consistent with that of axillary hairs.There were numerous apocrine sweat glands in the center of axillary region,but only a small number at the edge of axillary hair-bearing area,and no apocrine sweat gland was observed at 1 cm outside the edge.The percentage of apocrine sweat gland area at point 1-5 was 74.1％,46.6％,25.3％,2.1％,and 0 respectively,with significant differences between point 1 and 2 (t--29.78,P＜ 0.01),point 2 and 3 (t--9.76,P＜ 0.01),point 3 and 4 (t =20.83,P＜ 0.01),but not between point 4 and 5 (t =1.96,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions During the surgical treatment of axillary osmidrosis,the removal of apocrine sweat glands should be extended to the reticular dennis and superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue in depth and the edge of axillary hair-bearing area in width,and there is no need to blindly increase the extent of removal.