OBJECTIVE To analyze the peak wideband acoustic immittance(WAI)values reflecting the tympanic membrane absorption characteristics during the measurement process in patients with congenital middle ear malformation.METHODS We selected 36 patients diagnosed with congenital middle ear malformation by CT as subjects and evaluated their tympanic membrane absorption characteristics by measuring their acoustic impedance peak pressure.Then,we divided these data into two groups based on the pathological malformation obseved during the surgical process,namely the auditory ossicular chain soft connection group and the auditory ossicular chain fixation group.Calculate the absorption rate values of the tympanic membrane at each frequency corresponding to the peak pressure value of the tympanogram,and the relative area of absorption rate.By conducting independent t-tests,we compared two groups-normal children and patients who had undergone ossicular chain fixation surgery-to analyze the absorption area and peak absorption rate of their tympanic peak pressure values.RESULTS Under peak pressure,there were significant differences(P<0.001)in the full frequency range tympanic membrane absorption rate and peak absorption rate between the group with fixed ossicular chain and the normal group.However,there was no difference in the full frequency range tympanic membrane absorption rate and peak absorption rate between the group with soft ossicular chain and the normal group.Under peak pressure,the absorption area of the ossicular chain fixation group was significantly lower than that of the normal group in the low frequency range of 226-1 000 Hz(P<0.001),while the absorption area of the ossicular chain soft connection group was significantly higher than that of the normal group in the low frequency range of 226-1 000 Hz(P<0.001).CONCLUSION When conducting broadband acoustic impedance test,there is a significant difference in the relative area of tympanic membrane absorption rate of acoustic impedance peak pressure between the auditory ossicular chain soft connection group and the auditory ossicular chain fixation group across 226-1 000 Hz.It has application value as a clinical rapid screening and diagnostic tool for middle ear malformations.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the auditory characteristics of patients with congenital unilateral cochlear nerve deficiency(CND).METHODS This study enrolled 21 patients(21 ears)with unilateral auditory nerve dysplasia confirmed by inner ear MRI,including 9 males and 12 females,aged 10 months to 7 years,(1.91±1.38)years.A retrospective analysis was performed on the correlation between behavioral audiometry and auditory steady-state response(ASSR)thresholds,chirp-evoked auditory brainstem response(chirp-ABR),otoacoustic emission(OAE),and other results to analyze the audiological characteristics of unilateral auditory nerve dysplasia.RESULTS In all 21 patients(21 ears)with auditory nerve dysplasia,behavioral audiometry,chirp-ABR,and ASSR results all indicated severe to profound hearing loss in the affected ears.There was a high correlation between behavioral audiometry thresholds and ASSR thresholds,with small differences observed between ASSR and behavioral audiometry results.CONCLUSION The difference between ASSR and behavioral audiometry is small in patients with CND.A-ABR can't be elicited.OAE has a certain false negative rate.The ABR often predominantly shows wave III,with prolonged latency,and a threshold indicative of profound hearing loss.These audiological characteristics can improve the early detection and diagnosis of CND and enhance the effect of intervention.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of Ligilactobacillus salivarius Li01(L.salivarius Li01)against DNA damage induced by Helicobacter pylori(Hp),Benzo(a)pyrene(BaP),and Hp+BaP,and to evaluate the probiotic properties of L.salivarius Li01.Methods After 1 week of adaptive feeding,specific pathogen-free male Mongolian gerbils were randomly assigned to groups and subjected to intragastric administration of Hp,BaP,and Hp+BaP for model induction.At week 32 post model establishment,therapeutic L.salivarius Li01 was administered intragastrically.At week 36,peripheral blood samples were collected from each group for the comet assay,while liver tissues were collected and tested for Cyp1a1 gene expression levels.Results Compared with those in the control group,the comet tail length,％tail DNA,and hepatic Cyp1a1 expression levels were significantly increased in the Hp,BaP,and Hp+BaP groups(P＜0.0001).Among these,the comet tail length,olive tail moment,％tail DNA,and hepatic Cyp1a1 expression levels were significantly higher in the Hp+BaP group than in the Hp and BaP groups(P＜0.05).Following intervention with L.salivarius Li01,the comet tail length,olive tail moment,％tail DNA,and hepatic Cyp1a1 expression levels were significantly reduced in each group(P＜0.001).Conclusions Hp infection,BaP exposure,and the Hp+BaP combination induced DNA damage in the peripheral lymphocytes of Mongolian gerbils,with the Hp+BaP combination showing synergistic damage.L.salivarius Li01 had a protective effect against DNA damage caused by Hp,BaP,and Hp+BaP.

Objective:To investigate the impact of circumferential tumor location (anterior wall, nonanterior wall, or circumferential) on circumferential resection margin (CRM) status, local recurrence, and survival in patients with mid-low rectal cancer.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from 696 patients with mid-low rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery in the Department of Colorectal Surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University between December, 2018 and December, 2019. Based on MRI or contrast-enhanced CT findings, the rectal wall was divided into four quadrants: anterior, posterior, left, and right. Tumors were classified into three groups: anterior wall group ( n = 245), nonanterior wall group ( n = 286, tumors predominantly located on the posterior or lateral walls), and circumferential group ( n = 165, tumors involving ≥ 3/4 of the circumference). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance baseline characteristics. Outcomes included pathological CRM positivity, local recurrence rate (LRR), overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Cox regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for recurrence, and subgroup analysis was conducted in patients who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. Results:After PSM, both the anterior and circumferential groups had significantly higher pathological CRM positivity rates compared to the nonanterior wall group ( P=0.040 and P=0.039, respectively). The median follow-up time was 64 months (range: 1-71 months). Compared to the nonanterior wall group, the anterior wall group also had a significantly higher 5-year LRR (8.8% vs. 2.3%, P=0.003), and significantly lower 5-year OS (80.7% vs. 91.6%, P=0.001) and DFS (76.6% vs. 84.6%, P=0.029). The circumferential group had a significantly higher 5-year LRR than the nonanterior wall group (11.4% vs. 3.8%, P=0.020), but no significant differences were observed in 5-year OS (81.8% vs. 89.5%, P=0.100) or DFS (70.7% vs. 78.3%, P=0.101). No significant differences were found between the anterior and circumferential groups in 5-year LRR (11.1% vs. 9.7%), OS (76.3% vs. 83.7%), or DFS (69.8% vs. 74.1%) either (all P>0.05). Cox univariate analysis and multivariate analysis identified anterior wall tumors (HR=3.751, 95%CI: 1.373-10.215, P=0.010), circumferential tumors (HR=3.240, 95%CI: 1.109-9.466, P=0.032), pathological CRM positivity (HR=3.071, 95%CI: 1.144-8.245, P=0.026), and lymph node metastasis (HR=2.584, 95%CI: 1.192-5.601, P=0.016) as independent risk factors for LRR. Conversely, a greater distance from tumor to the anal verge (per 1 cm increase, HR=0.831, 95%CI: 0.712-0.970, P=0.019), and neoadjuvant therapy (HR=0.442, 95%CI: 0.204-0.957, P=0.038) were identified as independent protective factors against LRR. In patients who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy, locally advanced nonanterior wall tumors exhibited markedly low LRR (1.3% for pathological stage II-III, 1.6% for pT3-4 stage). Conclusion:Rectal tumors located in the anterior wall or involving the circumference are associated with higher CRM positivity rates, increased local recurrence, and poorer survival. These patients should be prioritized for neoadjuvant therapy. In contrast, nonanterior wall tumors have a low recurrence rate, and selective omission of neoadjuvant therapy may be considered for these cases.

To explore the regulatory mechanism of drought stress on the synthesis of chlorogenic acid and luteoloside in Lonicera japonica, we designed five drought gradients (soil water contents of 30%, 24%, 17%, 14%, and 10%) and screened and verified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, we employed HPLC to systematically measure the content changes of chlorogenic acid and luteoloside. The results revealed that drought significantly reduced the accumulation of secondary metabolites, and severe drought led to more obvious reductions. Under extreme drought (soil water content of 10%), the content of chlorogenic acid and luteoloside decreased significantly to 25.73 mg/g and 11.33 mg/g (with the decrease rates of 37.85% and 9.58%, respectively). A total of 77 454 genes were identified via transcriptome analysis, among which the number of DEGs reached 1 128 under the extraordinary drought. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses revealed that the DEGs were mainly involved in flavonoid synthesis, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction and the plant-pathogen interaction pathways, and the expression of key genes regulating the synthesis of chlorogenic acid and luteoloside was significantly downregulated. RT-qPCR verified the accuracy of the RNA-seq data. This study revealed that drought stress reduced the content of chlorogenic acid and luteoloside, the main secondary metabolites, by inhibiting the expression of key genes in the secondary metabolism pathways. The findings provide candidate gene resources for molecular breeding of drought-tolerant Lonicera japonica.
Lonicera/physiology* ; Chlorogenic Acid/metabolism* ; Droughts ; Stress, Physiological ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Glucosides/metabolism* ; Luteolin

Objective: To investigate the association between outdoor light at night (LAN) exposure and sleep quality among primary and secondary school students, and to examine the pathways of negative affects including depressive, stress and anxiety symptoms, so as to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the school environment and enhancing the physical and mental well being of students. Methods: In December 2024, a total of 36 885 students from 154 primary and secondary schools in Suzhou, Nantong, and Changzhou were included via a stratified cluster sampling method. Sleep quality and negative affect were assessed by using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), respectively. Outdoor LAN exposure data were obtained from the national polar orbiting partnership visible infrared imaging radiometer suite nighttime light(NPP-VIIRS NTL) dataset provided by the National Earth System Science Data Center. Multivariate Logistic regression model was employed to analyze the association between LAN exposure and sleep quality across different regions, with stratification by monitoring site. Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the relationships between LAN, negative affect, and sleep quality. The mediating role of negative affect was tested by using Model 4 of the PROCESS macro. Results: The detection rates among students were 13.95%( n =5 147) for depressive symptom, 16.72%( n =6 166) for stress symptom, and 17.49%( n =6 451) for anxiety symptom. The median outdoor LAN exposure was 28.85(19.10, 41.44)nW/(cm 2 · ( sr). After adjusting for confounders, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that high LAN exposure ( Q 4) was positively associated with sleep problems (urban areas: OR =1.28, 95% CI = 1.17- 1.41; rural areas: OR =1.21, 95% CI =1.07-1.36; both P <0.05). Spearman correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between LAN exposure, depressive symptoms, stress symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and sleep quality ( r =0.03-0.75, all P < 0.01). The mediation analysis indicated that all dimensions of negative affect significantly mediated the relationship between high LAN exposure and poor sleep quality (all P <0.01). Specifically, the indirect effects were 0.03 (95% CI =0.02-0.05) for depressive symptom, 0.05(95% CI =0.03-0.08) for stress symptom, and 0.07(95% CI =0.05-0.09) for anxiety symptom. Overall, 31.9% of the total effect was mediated by negative affect, with anxiety (14.89%) being the strongest mediator, followed by stress (10.64%) and depression(6.38%). Conclusion Reducing high levels of outdoor LAN exposure and implementing interventions targeting negative affect may contribute to improved sleep quality among primary and secondary school students.

BACKGROUND: Previous evidence showed that ambient air pollution and cardiovascular mortality are related. However, there is a lack of evidence towards the modification effect of long-term lifestyle on the association between short-term ambient air pollution and death from cardiovascular events. METHOD: A total of 14,609 death from major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were identified among the China Kadoorie Biobank participants from 2013 to 2018. Ambient air pollution exposure including particulate matter 2.5 (PM_2.5), SO₂, NO₂, CO, and O₃ from the same period were obtained from space-time model reconstructions based on remote sensing data. Case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression was applied to estimate the effect of short-term exposure to air pollutants on MACE mortality. RESULTS: We found MACE mortality was significantly associated with PM_2.5 (relative percent increase 2.91% per 10 µg/m³ increase, 95% CI 1.32-4.53), NO₂ (5.37% per 10 µg/m³ increase, 95% CI 1.56-9.33), SO₂ (6.82% per 10 µg/m³ increase, 95% CI 2.99-10.80), and CO (2.24% per 0.1 mg/m³ increase, 95% CI 1.02-3.48). Stratified analyses indicated that drinking was associated with elevated risk of MACE mortality with NO₂ and SO₂ exposure; physical inactivity was associated with higher risk of death from MACE when exposed to PM_2.5; and people who had balanced diet had lower risk of MACE mortality when exposed to CO and NO₂. CONCLUSIONS The study results showed that short-term exposure to ambient PM_2.5, NO₂, SO₂, and CO would aggravate the risk of cardiovascular mortality, yet healthy lifestyle conduct might mitigate such negative impact to some extent.
Humans ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Air Pollution/adverse effects* ; Middle Aged ; Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Particulate Matter/analysis* ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects* ; Life Style ; Aged ; Adult ; Risk Factors ; Cross-Over Studies ; East Asian People

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status and characteristics of occupational exposure in a stomato-logical hospital and explore the influencing factors for occupational exposure among dentists so as to propose pre-ventive and control measures for occupational exposure in the stomatological hospital.METHODS A retrospective study was carried out to analyze 180 incidents of occupational exposures in Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affili-ated to Qingdao University from 2020 to 2024,involving the departments,names,genders,age,average annual workload,average annual outpatient days,exposure links,instruments leading to exposures,exposure sources,occupational type and professional titles.The incidence of occupational exposure was compared among the subjects with different occupations,professional titles and department affiliations.Logistic regression analysis was per-formed for the influencing factors for the occupational exposures among the dentists.RESULTS The incidence of occupational exposures was 7.52％(180/2395)within the 5 years,and the sharp instrument injury(99.40％)was the predominant exposure approach.The department of oral and maxillofacial surgery,department of restorative dentisty and department of prosthodontics were the departments at high risk of occupational exposures.There was significant difference in the incidence of occupational exposures among the staff and the doctors with different pro-fessional titles(P＜0.05).The subjects for whom the exposure source was positive or failed to be tracked accoun-ted for 56.11％.The professional title(OR=0.328)was a protective factor for the occupational exposure among the doctors,and the high-risk department(OR=4.912)was a risk factor for the occupational exposure(P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS The occupational exposures to the stomatology department staff are characterized by high prevalence,monotonous type,concentrated distribution of populations and uncontrollable occupational exposures.It is necessary to complete the preoperative screening of infectious diseases,strengthen the awareness of prevention,standardize the technical procedures and boost the innovation of auxiliary instruments so as to re-duce the incidence of occupational exposures.

The clinical diagnosis of serious mental illnesses (SMI) has long been constrained by the limitations of traditional symptomatic criteria and the absence of objective biological markers. Exosomes, serving as natural nanocarriers capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, along with the miRNAs they carry, offer novel molecular markers for the precise diagnosis of SMI. This article summarizes recent research advances on exosomes in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder, exploring the potential mechanisms by which they participate in the regulation of neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction through the delivery of miRNA molecules. Although the specific origins and monitoring of exosomes require further investigation, their value in assisting the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders is increasingly being recognized, holding promise for providing more objective references for clinical practice in the future.

This study aims to analyze the screening results and epidemiological characteristics of prostate cancer (PCa) among elderly males in the rural areas of Songjiang, Shanghai City, through the implementation of a preliminary prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening based on a community-linkage model, and to explore an effective screening approach. A retrospective observational study design was employed to collect data from residents who underwent PSA screening at Songjiang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, in collaboration with multiple community health service centers in Songjiang District, Shanghai City, between June 2022 and June 2024, through free clinics and annual health examinations. Prostate biopsy was recommended for individuals with total PSA (tPSA) levels >10 ng/ml and those with 4 ng/ml≤tPSA≤10 ng/ml and abnormal free-to-total PSA (f/tPSA) ratios. Clinical characteristics of detected PCa patients were analyzed. Follow-up was conducted through phone calls and home visits by family doctors, coupled with enhanced health education. The results indicated that a total of 17 198 residents participated in the screening, among which 2 234 (12.99%) had tPSA levels between 4 ng/ml and 10 ng/ml, and 257 (1.49%) had tPSA levels >10 ng/ml. Ultimately, 417 residents underwent prostate biopsy, with 171 being diagnosed with PCa, yielding a positive biopsy rate of 41.00% and a PCa detection rate of 0.99%. The predominant pathological subtype among PCa patients was adenocarcinoma (168 cases, 98.24%). Of the 146 PCa patients who received treatment, the majority were classified as intermediate or high-risk (124 cases, 84.93%). Furthermore, with the optimization of the screening model, there was a significant increase in the proportion of subsequent outpatient visits. In conclusion, the community-linkage-based PSA screening model demonstrated high effectiveness in screening for PCa among elderly males in the rural areas of Songjiang, Shanghai City. Epidemiological findings revealed that PCa patients in this region are primarily composed of intermediate and high-risk groups, highlighting the need for intensified early screening and health education.