Objective To investigate mineral bone metabolic conditions of pre-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD),and obtain useful information about the management and treatment of CKD.Methods The levels of serum calcium,phosphate,25-HydroxyvitaminD [25 (OH) VitD],and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were compared.Then a correlation analysis was performed for 25 (OH)VitD.Results Hypocalcemia,hyperphosphatemia,secondary hyperparathyroidism and inadequate of 25 (OH) VitD appeared early in CKD2.Deficiency of 25 (OH)VitD was widespread in CKD2 ～ 5.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that 25 (OH) VitD was independently associated with adjusted level of calcium (P =0.002),application of calcium carbonate (P =0.038),and application of calcitriol (P =0.049) (R square =0.360,P =0.000).Conclusions Mineral bone disorder emerges early in CKD2.More attention should be paid to the management of 25 (OH)VitD.

Objective To study the effect of long session hemodialysis (LSHD) on the quality of life in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.Methods A total of 40 MHD patients in our dialysis center were enrolled in the study.Quality of life was investigated by SF-36 table.Sleep questionnaire survey concluded the Athens insomnia scale (AIS),Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS).Clinical data were collected.Forty MHD patients were equally divided into HD and LSHD groups according to clinical data and sleep quality score for prospective study.Hemodialysis dose of HD group was 4 h thrice weekly,and of LSHD group was 8 h thrice weekly.The trial lasted for 6 months.Changes of life quality were compared between two groups.Results As compared to HD group,LSHD group had significant higher Kt/V (1.73±0.36 vs 1.41±0.23,P＜0.05),higher levels of serum hemoglobin [(124.67±9.08) vs (110.55±9.01) g/L,P＜0.01] and albumin [(45.01±2.66) vs (39.28±2.63) g/L,P＜0.01].better sleep quality score (16/20 vs 5/20,P=0.001) and higher blood pressure control proportion (14/20 vs 5/20,P=0.010),higher score of SF-36 (P＜0.05).Conclusion LSHD can improve the life quality of MHD patients by increasing sleep quality and nutrition level.

To evaluate the risk of sequela after serious vaccine reaction.The rare serious vaccine reactions might result in sequela,the incidence of rare serious vaccine reactions,the estimated incidence of sequela and cases reported were reviewed.Further research should be developed to provide the scientific basis for sequela control and prevention.

Objective The study is to analyze the occurrence features of Adverse Event Following Immunization (AEFI) in China,and to evaluate the implementation of AEFI surveillance system,the safety of National Immunization Program (NIP) Vaccines and the quality of the immunization services.Methods The AEFI data of 2007-2008 were collected through the China Information System and the Children Immunization Information System,which reported before march 25,2009.The descriptive methodology was used in the study.Results 32120 AEFI cases of 2007-2008 were reported,95.02% were reported from 10 pilot provinces.The ratio of male and female was 1.41:1.77.53% cases were ≤1 years old and the cases were occurred more often between april to october.The first three vaccines are DPT,MPV and JREV.65.85% happened after the 1st and 2nd dose and 75.05% within ld after vaccination.The estimat reported incidence of NIP vaccines were 7.99～322.77 per million doses.In the classification of AEFI cases,79.93% cases were common,minor reactions,14.65% were rare,serious reactions and others were

BACKGROUND: Carboxymethyl chitosan is a water-soluble derivate modified from chitosan, with various biological activities. It is a good ligand of metal ion and can integrate Ca~(2+) to prepare a novel biological material. OBJECTIVE: To explore a method for preparing carboxymethyl chitosan calcium (CCC) and analyze its properties and structure. METHODS: CCC was produced by carboxymethyl ohitosan reacting with solution of calcium chloride. The solubility, carboxymethylation degree, rotational viscosity, and calcium content of CCC were determined, and infrared and ultraviolet spectral analyses were performed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The calcium content of CCC was approximately 15%. Compared with carboxymethyl chitosan, infrared spectrum and ultraviolet spectrum of CCC were changed. The prepared CCC is a new calcium compound through property and structural analysis.

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is the common complication in chronic kidney disease patients,especially in those with hemodialysis,which is associated with cardiovascular events and mortality.Active vitamin D and its analogues are classic treatment for SHPT,but some patients are resistant to active vitamin D,and ablation would be a choice for such cases.The purpose of this review is to provide current progress in ablation for SHPT.

Objective Looking into the causes of self-regeneration obstacle of the wild Phellodendron amurense population in order to provide the reference for the sutdy of the germination mechanism. MethodsThe germination and seedling growth were observed by taking cabbage, wheat, and P. amurense as the tested objects and the sarcocarp and seed of P. amurense were extracted by alcohol and ethyl ether. Results The extract in sarcocarp and seed of P. amurense could decrease the germination rate of cabbage, wheat, and P. amurense seed, also inhibit the seedling growth in different levels. The inhibitory effect was getting stronger and stronger following the concentration increased. The ethyl ether extract showed the best inhibitory effect, while the water extract had no significant effect. The embryo, emdosperm, and cotyledon of P. amurense were extracted by distilled water, and among them the cotyledon had the strongest inhibition. Conclusion There are some substances with the better inhibitory effect in the sarcocarp and seed of P. amurense, which can inhibit the growth of itself and other plants significantly. The substance with the inhibitory effect exits mainly in cotyledon.

Objective To observe the effect of carboxymethyl chitosan calcium(CCC) on the concentration of lead,calcium,and liver antioxidative capacity in lead poisoned mice.Methods mice were randomly divided into 6 groups.Three test groups were treated with CCC at three doses.The lead poisoned mice model was established by giving water containing lead acetate,and then CCC was administered to mice once a day.After 30 days,the mice were killed and the content of lead in blood,liver,brain and femur were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer,and antioxidative capacity in liver was measured using assay kit.Results CCC could reduce the contents of lead in blood,brain,liver and femur significantly,decrease the level of maleicdialdehyde(MDA),increase activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and total antioxidative capacity(T-AOC) in liver markedly. Conclusion CCC can promote the excretion of lead,increase the content of calcium in femur and antioxidative capacity in lead poisened mice.

Objective To establish a less-damage method for tracheal intubation so as to improve the quality of post-cardiac arrest syndrome.Methods Thirty rabbits wvere divided into 3 groups of 10 rabbits each according to the random number table:group A receiving direct endotracheal intubation after anesthesia,Group B separation of cervical tissue and retrograde tracheal intubation after anesthesia and Group C percutaneous retrograde tracheal intubation after anesthesia.After the intravenous injection of forskolin,cardiac arrest was induced by endotracheal tube clamping.After 5 minutes of untreated arrest,conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated.Changes in arterial pressure,occurrence of post-resuscition syndrome and survival time were examined in all groups.Results Groups A,B and C showed 40％,60％ and 80％ success rate in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (P ＜ 0.01) and animal survival time of 23.4 hours (11.6-35.8 hours),62.7 hours (29.4-88.6 hours) and 79.5 hours (40.9-118.2 hours) (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Percutaneous retrograde tracheal intubation is suitable to increase cardiopulmonary resuscitation rate and survival rate in rabbits with post-cardiac arrest.The model has good stability and repeatability and can be used for study of post-cardiac arrest syndrome.

Aim To establish method and main evaluation indexes of collagen induced arthritis ( CIA) model in DBA/1 mice. Methods CIA was induced by chicken type Ⅱcollagen ( C Ⅱ) in DBA/1mice. Arthritis was evaluated by arthritis index. X-ray of the paws was taken. Histology pathology of ankles and spleen was observed and scored. Results Immunization d31,the paws of CIA mice appeared red and swelling,the scores of arthritis index increased,the period of swelling peak was from d40 to d60; immunization d35,the weight of CIA mice began to decrease. X-ray of paws showed that the paw joints of CIA mice deformed,and there was osteophyte formation associated with osteolysis. Histo-logical pathology of ankle joints showed that the synovium of CIA mice were hyperplasia,cartilage was destroyed,pannus was formed,and inflammatory cells infiltrated into synovium. Histological pathology of spleen showed more germinal centers and lymphoid follicular hyperplasia were observed,cell density of lymphatic sheath increased,scores of ankle joints and spleen histological pathology in CIA mice were higher than those in normal mice significantly. Conclusions The methods of CIA model induced by chicken C Ⅱ in DBA /1 mouse were reliable and reproducible. CIA incidence was high. Arthritis index,X-ray of paws,ankle joints and spleen histological pathology and so on were the principal indexes of evaluation for CIA model.