Objective To investigate the characteristics of immunophenotyping and clinical significance of MRD analysis in MM patients. Methods Multi-parameter flow cytometry was applied to analyze the immunophenotyping of malignant plasma cells from 172 MM patients, and normal plasma cells from 16 healthy individuals. MRD was analyzed in 32 MM patients with remission. Meanwhile, the effects of MRD status on the disease relapse and patient disease free survival ( DFS ) time was evaluated by following up patients. Results The immunophenotyping of normal plasma cells were CD38, CD138, CD19 and CD45 positive, while the predominant phenotype of MM cells were CD+38( 100.0% ), CD+138( 100.0% ), CD-19 ( 167/172, 97. 1% ), CD+56( 152/172, 88.4% ) and CD-45( 166/172, 96. 5% ). The characteristic markers for MM cells were CD+38, CD-138, CD-19, CD-45 and CD+56. MRD analysis revealed that, among 32 MM patients with remission, 14 patients were MRD negative and 18 patients were MRD positive. During follow-up of 2 to 16 months, the relapse rate in MRD negative patients was significantly lower ( 4/14, 28.6% ) than that of MRD positive patients ( 13/18, 72. 2% ;χ2 =6. 03, P ＜0. 05 ). Furthermore, the DFS time was significantly longer in MRD negative patients[ 16. 23( 10. 37-21.62 )months ] than that of the MRD positive patients [ 10. 07( 3. 79-16. 20 )months,χ2 =7. 53,P ＜0. 05 ]. Conclusions CD+38, CD+138, CD-19, CD-45 and CD+56 are the characteristic markers of MM cells compared to those of the normal plasma cells. MRD analysis is a valuable prognostic factor for MM patients.

Objective To investigate expressions of CDev6 and p-ERK1/2 in AML patients and its clinical significance.Methods Expressions of CD44v6 and p-ERK1/2 on bone marrow blasts in 152 AML patients and 22 normal controls were determined by flow cytometry.Meanwhile,the effects of CD44v6 expression(CD+44v6 and CD-44v6) on relapse rate and survival time were analyzed by following up of 129 AML patients.Results Double positive expressions of CD44v6 and p-ERK1/2 were observed in 4.5%(1/22) of the normal bone marrow blasts while single positive expression of CD44v6 and p-ERK1/2 was observed in 36.2%(55/162) and 64.5%(97/162) of AML patients,respectively.The MFI of p-ERK1/2 expression on blast cells in AML patients was [14(7 -58)],which was higher than that in normal controls [8(6 - 10),U =4.2,P＜0.01].Furthermore,MFI of p-ERK1/2 expression on blast cells in CD+44v6 AML patients was [28(15-61)] ,which was significantly higher than that in CD-44v6 AML patients [18(6- 37),U =6.7,P＜0.01].A strong correlation was obtained between CD44v6 and p-ERK1/2 expression(rs = 0.7,P＜ 0.01).Among 129 patients followed up for 4 to 65 months,the data also revealed that the relapse rate of CD-44v6 AML patients was 32.1%(26/81) ,which was much lower than that in CD44v6 AML patients [81.3%(39/48),x2 = 29.13,P＜ 0.01).And the overall survival in CD44v6 AML patients was(28.5 ± 1.8)months,which was significantly worse than that of CD44v6 AML patients [(51.2±2.0) months,x2 =48.2,P＜ 0.01).Conclusion CD44v6 expression was associated with a poor survival in AML patients,and CD44v6 might promote the expansion of leukemic blast cells by up-regulating p-ERK1/2.

In order to know that Streptococcus exist in health swine herd,2 204 cases of nose swabs were collected in swine from different areas in Dongbei three province of northeast China.Seed swab to Streptococcus culture medium,24 hours after culturing,gram staining with becteria culture,gram positive Streptococcus were identified with PCR technology,then farther identified serotype with Streptococcus suis 1,2,7,9 serotype special primers.The results showed that Streptococcus exist rate in swine herd of Heilongjiang,Jinlin,Liaoning is 29 %,27 %,34 %,respectively.PCR typing assay indicated that 155 strains of Streptococcus suis were isolated including 7 strains of 1 serotype,39 strains of 2 serotype,4 strains of 7 serotype,11 strains of 9 serotype,94 strains of other serotype in three province of northeast China.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of soybean isoflavones （SI） on the reproductive development of young mice. METHODS C57BL/6 young mice were randomly divided into control group， SI low-dose and high-dose groups （10， 100 mg/kg）， with 10 mice in each group （half male and half female）. The young mice in each group were given corresponding liquid intragastrically， once a day， for 2 consecutive weeks. After the last administration， the percentage of body weight increase was calculated； serum estradiol and testosterone levels， malondialdehyde （MDA） content， total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC）， superoxide dismutase （SOD） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） activities in the reproductive organs of the young mice were determined. The histopathological changes in the reproductive organs were observed. The cell apoptosis of reproductive organs was detected. RESULTS Compared with the control group， the percentage of body weight increase in female mice was increased significantly in the SI high-dose group， while that of male mice was decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Cystic follicles could be seen in the ovarian tissue in SI groups， a loose arrangement of spermatocytes could be seen in the testicular tissue， and partial epithelial cell shedding could be seen in epididymal tissue. The serum level of testosterone in female young mice and the serum levels of testosterone and estradiol in male young mice in SI groups， GSH-Px activity in the ovarian tissue of female young mice in the SI low-dose group， T-AOC activities in the ovarian tissue of female young mice in SI groups as well as the apoptotic rates of cells in testicular and epididymal tissue of male young mice in SI groups were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜ 0.01）； the serum level of estradiol in female young mice in SI groups， SOD activity in the ovarian tissue of female young mice in the SI high-dose group， and MDA contents in the ovarian tissue of female young mice in SI groups as well as the apoptotic rates of cells in ovarian tissue of female mice in SI groups were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS SI can enhance the antioxidant stress capacity of ovarian tissue in female young mice and reduce their oxidative stress damage， but it has certain toxicity to reproductive organs in male mice.

Objective:To investigate the differential expression of microRNA (miR)-214-3p in plasma exosomes in different types of uveal melanoma (UM) and evaluate whether miR-214-3p is a potential molecular biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of UM.Methods:Twenty-five UM in situ patients who received the enucleation of eyeball were enrolled at Beijing Tongren Hospital from December 2015 to October 2019, including 10 with epithelioid cell melanoma and 10 with spindle cell melanoma as well as 5 metastatic UM patients (1 with spindle cell-like melanoma and 4 with epithelioid cell-like melanoma) and 10 healthy subjects were enrolled during the same period.Blood sample was collected from all the subjects for the isolation of plasma exosomes.The morphology of exosomes was examined under the electron microscope.The exsomal marker proteins were identified by Western blot.The expression level of miR-214-3p in plasma exosomes was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.The differential expression of miR-214-3p among different types of UM patients and healthy controls was compared.The diagnostic and classification performance of exosomal miR-214-3p was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to entering the study cohort.This study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of Capital Medical Univeristy (No.TRECKY2018-056).Results:The isolated exosomes were hemispherical in shape with a concavity on one side.The diameter of the exosomes was about 100 nm and the particle diameter of vesicles from samples was (82.0±2.7) nm.TSG101 protein was detectable and Calnexin protein was not found in the exosomes.The relative expression levels of plasma exosomal miR-214-3p in healthy control group, in situ UM group and metastatic UM group were 0.86(0.57, 1.49), 0.24(0.10, 0.67), and 0.43(0.23, 0.56), respectively.The miR-214-3p relative expression level in plasma exosomes of in situ UM patients and metastatic UM patients was significantly lower than that of healthy controls, and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=2.62, P<0.01; Z=2.08, P<0.05). The relative expression levels of exosomal miR-214-3p in spindle cell-like UM group and epithelioid cell-like UM group were 0.11(0.07, 0.64) and 0.46(0.14, 0.91), respectively, and no significant difference was found in the expression level of plasma exosomal miR-214-3p among different types of UM (all at P>0.05). The area under the curve of plasma exosomal miR-214-3p for UM diagnosis was 0.795. Conclusions:Plasma exosomal miR-214-3p level is significantly reduced in both in situ UM patients and metastatic UM patients.Plasma exosomal miR-214-3p is a new potential diagnostic biomarker for UM, but the exosomal miR-214-3p appears to not be able to distinguish the types of UM.

Objective:To analyze retinal vascular parameters and distribution characteristics in Chinese population via the fully automated quantitative measurement of retinal vascular morphological parameters based on artificial intelligence technology.Methods:A cross-sectional study was performed.A total of 1 842 patients without fundus diseases who visited Beijing Tongren Hospital from January 2011 to December 2021 were included.Standardized questionnaires, blood draws and ophthalmologic examinations of enrolled subjects were conducted.Color fundus photographs centered on the optic disk of one eye of patients were collected, and a deep learning-based semantic segmentation network ResNet101-Unet was used to construct a vascular segmentation model for fully automated quantitative measurement of retinal vascular parameters.The main measurement indexes included retinal vascular branching angle, vascular fractal dimension, average vascular caliber, and average vascular tortuosity.To compare different retinal parameters between sexes, the correlation between the above parameters and ocular factors such as best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and axial length, as well as systemic factors such as sex, age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease was analyzed.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University (No.20001220). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results:The model established in this study achieved an accuracy over 0.95 for both vascular and optic disk segmentation.The vascular branching angle, vascular fractal dimension, average vascular caliber, and average vascular tortuosity were (51.023±11.623)°, 1.573(1.542, 1.592), 64.124(60.814, 69.053)μm, (0.001 062±0.000 165)°, respectively.Compared with females, males had larger vascular branching angle, smaller average vascular caliber and smaller vascular tortuosity, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). The average vascular caliber increased by 1.142 μm in people with cardiovascular disease compared to people without cardiovascular disease ( B=1.142, P=0.029, 95% CI: 0.116-2.167). The average vascular tortuosity was positively correlated with hypertension ( B=3.053×10 -5, P=0.002, 95% CI: 1.167×10 -5-4.934×10 -5) and alcohol consumption ( B=1.036×10 -5, P=0.014, 95% CI: 0.211×10 -5-1.860×10 -5) and negatively correlated with hyperlipidemia ( B=-2.422×10 -5, P=0.015, 95% CI: -4.382×10 -5-0.462×10 -5). For each 1-mm increase in axial length, there was a decrease of 0.004 in vessel fractal dimension ( B=-0.004, P<0.001, 95% CI: -0.006--0.002), a decrease of 0.266 μm in the average vessel caliber ( B=-0.266, P=0.037, 95% CI: -0.516--0.016), and a decrease of -2.45×10 -5° in the average vessel tortuosity ( B=-2.45×10 -5, P<0.001, 95% CI: -0.313×10 -5--0.177×10 -5). For each 1.0 increase in BCVA, there was an increase of 3.992° in the vascular branch angle ( B=3.992, P=0.004, 95% CI: 1.283-6.702), an increase of 0.090 in vascular fractal dimension ( B=0.090, P<0.001, 95% CI: 0.078-0.102) and a decrease of 14.813 μm in the average vascular diameter ( B=-14.813, P<0.001, 95% CI: -16.474--13.153). Conclusions:A model for retinal vascular segmentation is successfully constructed.Retinal vessel parameters are associated with sex, age, systemic diseases, and ocular factors.