Objective To investigate the incidence and clinical significance of “no flow” (NF) phenomena after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods ninety nine consecutive AMI patients underwent primary PCI were devided into NF group (18 cases) and non NF group (81 cases). The incidence of NF, clinical characteristics, blush grade, ST T segment elevation, peak CPK, left ventricular function and cardiac events were analysed. Results Eighteen patients demonstated NF, the incidence of NF was 18.2%. Compared with non NF, previous MI、diabetes、anterior MI and multivessel disease were more frequently observed in the cases with NF ( P 0.05). Conclusions The incidence NF after primary PCI in the treatment of AMI is 18.2%. The patients with NF show malperfusion in the myocardial microcirculation, larger infarct size, ventricular dysfunction and poor prognosis.

Objective To determine the total sodium in Danshen for injection.Methods Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to determine the total sodium in Danshen for injection.Results The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.5～10 mg/L for sodium chloride.The average recovery rates of sodium chloride were 101.8%,RSD=1.60%.Conclusion This method was found to be simple,quick and accurate for simultaneous determination of sodium in Danshen for injection.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of compound remifentanil etomidate on gastrointestinalendoscopy and treat-ment among aged patients .Methods Divided 400 aged patients who got painless gastrointestinalendoscopy and treatment into two groups ,where one was observation group(200 aged patients) that got compound remifentanil etomidate ,while the other was control group which got fentanyl combined propofol .Compared and observed two groups on oxyhemoglobin saturation ,heart rate ,systolic-pressure ,diastolic pressure ,incidence of adverse reaction ,recovery time ,and time of leaving operating room .Results There was no obvious difference between observation group and control group on oxyhemoglobin saturation ,heart rate ,systolicpressure ,diastolic pressure before examination(P>0 .05);while there was distinct difference between examining and reviving ,which showed statisti-cal significance(P<0 .05) .The incidences of bucking ,dysphoria ,respiratory depression ,nausea and vomiting ,and dizziness in the two groups respectively were 3% 、2% 、5% 、3% 、11% and 8% 、11% 、13% 、8% 、27% ,which indicated the incidence of adverse reac-tion in observation group was obviously lower than that of control group ,where there was statistical significance (P<0 .05) .The time of recovery and the time of leaving operating room in two groups respectively were (3 .5 ± 1 .3)min、(9 .5 ± 1 .5)min and (7 .5 ± 3 .4)min、(18 .5 ± 4 .6)min ,which showed the time of observation group was lesser than that of control group ,where there was sta-tistical significance(P<0 .05) .Conclusion During the gastrointestinalendoscopy to aged patients ,compound fentanyl etomidate was safety ,less adverse reaction ,efficiency ,and strong controllability .

Objective To study the expressions of aggrecan (Agc) Ⅰ and Ⅱ collagen and Sox9 by bone mar-row mesenchymal stem cells exposed to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and it's mechanisms involved. Methods Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats and cultured in vitro. The third passage cells were harvested and exposed to 15 Hz 1 mT EMFs for 8 h/d. The semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polyme-rase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique was used to measure parathyroid hormon receptor related peptide (PTHrp) ,Agc Ⅰ and Ⅱ collagen and Sox9 mRNA. Western blotting was used to measure type Ⅱ collagen expression. After the inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA) H-89 and the inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC) Go-6976 ( 12 μm) were added, the effects of EMFs on Agc Ⅰ and Ⅱ collagen and Sox9 mRNA expressions were measured again by using RT-PCR, and Western blotting technique. Results The EMFs induced significant increase of mRNA expressions of PTHrp, Agc Ⅰ and Ⅱ collagen and Sox9 in comparison to the controls, and promoted type Ⅱ collagen protein expres-sion. The Agc Ⅰ and Ⅱ collagen expressions decreased after PKA pathway inhibitor H-89 and PKC inhibitor Go-6976 were added, but the mRNA expression of Sox9 was not affected. Conclusion This study shows 15Hz 1mT EMFs can promote mRNA expressions of Agc Ⅰ and Ⅱ collagan and Sox9 of cbondrogenesis differentiation markers in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The effect is correlated with PKA and PKC pathways.

Objective To summary the experience of microsurgery of meningioma in skull base treatment. Methods To study the clinical data of 10 cases patients of meningioma in skull base who were subjected to microsurgery by using retrospective analysis. Among the 10 patients, there were 3 cases of meningioma of the olfactory groove. There were 2 cases of sphenoid ridge meningioma, meningioma in the middle cranial fossa, meningioma in the cerebellopontine angle respectively.There was 1 case of meningioma of velarium in temporal lobe. Results In 7 cases, the meningioma was completely removed. And in another 3 cases, the meningioma got subtotal resection. During and after the operation, there were no severe complications observed or death occurrence in all the 10 cases of meningioma patients. Two months post of operation,all patients got a significant amelioration in their symptoms. A total of 9 cases were followed up. There was 1 case of IIa type meningioma recurred. Conclusion To elevate the whole shearing rate of meningioma in skull base and reduce the mortality of it,it is most important for appropriate operative route selection and well mircosugical technique application.

Objective To study the effects of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure on osteoporosis in ovariectomized mice. Methods Sixty 8-week-old female Kunming mice were divided into four groups at random: a sham operation group (group A), an ovariectomized group (group B), an EMF and ovariectomized group (group C) and a nilestriol and ovariectomized group (group D). Bilateral ovariectomies were performed on all mice except those in group A. The mice of group C were exposured to a 15 Hz, 1.0 mT electromagnetic field. The mice of group D were given at nilestriol 1.5 mg/kg/week. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebrae was measured before the mice were sacrificed at the 12th week. Blood specimens were collected every two weeks to measure the ac-tivity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the concentration of bone gamma-carboxyglutamic-acid-containing proteins (BGP), calcium and estradiol in the serum. Histological sections were taken to examine and analyze the changes in bone trabeculae in the lumbar vertebrae after 6 and 12 weeks. Results EMF at 15 Hz and 1.0 mT intensity signifi-cantly increased the activity of ALP and the concentrations of BGP and calcium in the serum. In addition, the absorp-tion of bone trabeculae in the lumbar vertebrae was significantly restrained. Conclusions EMF at 15 Hz and 1.0 mT can restrain the development of osteoporosis in ovariectomized mice.

Objective To study the effects of an electromagnetic field (EMF) on the expression of fibro-blast growth factor (FGF-2) and it' s receptor (FGFR-2) mRNA in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro. Methods Rat BMSCs were isolated and cultured in vitro. The subcultured cells were divided into different groups to be EMF stimulated at 1.0 mT. The expression of FGF-2 and FGFR-2 mRNA were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results Different frequencies and durations of 1.0 mT EMF exposure induced FGF-2 and FGFR-2 mRNA expression in comparison to blank controls. The expression of FGF-2 mRNA reached a peak after stimulation at 15 Hz for 10 min, 50 Hz for 60 min and 75 Hz for 30 min. And the expression of FGFR-2 mRNA reached a peak after 30 minutes at all frequencies. At 1.0 mT with 30 min exposure, the expression of FGF-2 mRNA peaked after 50 Hz stimulation, and the expression of FGFR-2 mRNA peaked after stimulation at 75 Hz. Conclusions Moderate EMF stimulation can significantly increase the expression of FGF-2 and FGFR-2 mRNA in rat BMSCs in vitro.

Objective To study the effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) in promoting tibia and fibula fracture healing in rats. Methods Thirty rats were divided randomly into two groups after establishing the animal model of artificial tibia and fibula fracture: a PEMF treated group and a control group. Radiographs were taken immediately postoperatively and once a week thereafter until being sacrificed after week 5. The blood was sampled to measure the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the concentration of bone gamma-carboxyglutamic-acid-con-taining proteins (BGP), calcium and phosphate in serum once a week, respectively. Histological sections were taken at weeks 3 and 5 to observe the pathological change of bony callus. Results PEMF of 15 Hz and 1.0 mT could sig-nificantly increase the amount of bony callus, significantly increase the amount of bony callus, promote the disappea-ring of fracture lines and the appearance of endochondral ossification and mature bone trabecula. The amount of colla-gen in bony callus raised and the process of callus moulding accelerated in PEMF treated group. In addition, the ac-tivity of ALP(P<0.04) and the concentration of BGP(P<0.05) in serum increased. Conclusions The PEMF of 15 Hz and 1.0 mT can obviously promote fracture healing of tibia and fibula in rats.

Objective To evaluate whether immunization with △A146 Ply could confer protections against pneumococcal infections in murine models and to reveal the possible role of △A146 Ply-specific IgG in the protection elicited.MethodsBALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with △A146 Ply or PBS plus alum.Fourteen days after the third immunization,mice were intranasally challenged with serotype 14 and 19F Streptococcus pneumoniae.Three days after inoculation,lungs were removed from mice and homogenized in PBS,followed by plated on red cell plates.Viable bacteria were counted after overnight incubation.As to the sepsis models,vaccinated mice were challenged intraperitoneally with different dosage bacteria of D39 and serotype 3 strain.The numbers of CFU log10 were compared by Mann Whitney U test and survival rates were analyzed using log-rank test.Passive protection was used to evaluate the role of △A146 Ply-specific IgG in the protection against otherwise lethal infection resulted from D39.Results ELISA analysis demonstrated higher titer specific antibody responses to △A146 Ply was produced after 3 times immunization.Mice boosted twice with △A146 Ply survived significantly longer than that for mice boosted once with △A146 Ply in Alum adjuvant,which were significantly longer than that of control group.Immunization with △A146 Ply was effective in reducing the numbers of pneumococcal strain 31614(serotype 14) and 31693(serotype 19F),which resulted in 50-and 20-fold decreases in bacterial load in the lungs respectively when compared to control protein-immunized mice.60% of vaccinated mice survived the infection with pneumococcal D39 of 1200 CFU.60% protection was achieved when mice intraperitoneally infected with D39 and received △A146 Ply-specific IgG,whereas no mice survived the infection when they were passively administered with △A146 Ply-specific IgG depleted antisera.Conclusion Immunization with △A146 Ply could confer protection against pneumococcal infections,and protection elicited was mediated by △A146 Ply-specific IgG.

To make sure the role of flagellin as mucosal adjuvants and the protective effect of streptococcus pneumonia infection when combined with DnaJ protein.Methods:Recombinant plasmid pET-28 ( a)/flagella was transferred to E.coli BL21(DE3).Over-expression of flagella was induced by IPTG and purification for animal study.All the C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups ,then respectively intranasally given the mixture of flagellin and DnaJ protein ( experimental group ) , DnaJ protein( control group 1 ) and the mixture of GST and DnaJ protein ( control group 2 ).The serum IgG and its subtype , cytokines secreted by mice spleen cells were detected by ELISA.At last all the C57BL/6 mice were intranasally immunized with Streptococcus pneumoniaD39.The protective effect by survival times were evaluated.Results: The mice of experimental group could secrete high level of serum IgG and cytokines IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-17A.What more,the survival rate of mice in experimental group was 60%,a significant statistical difference with the control group.Conclusion:The flagellin as an adjuvant can reinforce the immune response of DnaJ protein and have better protection of resistance D 39 infection.We suggest that flagellin can be used as protein vaccine adjuvants.