Objective To compare the single-and double-injection techniques for sciatic nerve block.Methods Sixty ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 18-64 yr,weighing 48-72 kg,undergoing elective unilateral foot and ankle surgery,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =30 each) using a random number table:single-injection group (group S) and double-injection group (group D).Labat-winnie approach to sciatic nerve block was performed under the guidance of a nerve stimulator.When ankle dorsal or plantar flexion developed,group S received a single injection of 0.5％ ropivacaine 30 ml.When ankle dorsal and plantar flexion developed,0.5％ ropivacaine 15 ml was injected each time in group D.The failure of location was recorded.The time spent performing the procedure,onset time and duration of sensory and motor blockade,and the total time for the block were recorded.The effectiveness of block (success,failure) was assessed.Results The failure rate of location was 10％ in group D.The success rate of block was 93％ in group S,and was 96％ in group D,and there was no significant difference in the success rate of block between the two groups.Compared with group S,the onset time of sensory and motor blockade was significantly shortened,the time spent performing the procedure was prolonged,and no significant change was found in the total time for the block,duration of sensory and motor blockade in group D.Conclusion Single-injection technique is recommended for the sciatic nerve block in the patients undergoing lower extremity surgery.

Objective To explore the mechanism of ginsenoside-Rh2(G-Rh2) on inhibition of glioma by identifying differential proteins with proteomic technique. Methods The total proteins were extracted from SHG-44 cells treated with 32 ?mol?L-1 G-Rh2 for 72 h and the cells in control group,then were subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.Only spots with a fold change equal or above 1.5 and P

Objective To evaluate the effects of the sciatic nerve block on emergence agitation following sevoflurane-based anesthesia in pediatric patients undergoing foot orthomorphia.Methods Sixty pediatric patients,aged 3-7 yr,weighing 12-20 kg,of ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective foot orthomorphia,were randomly assigned to one of two groups (n =30 each):control group (group Ⅰ) and sciatic nerve block group (group Ⅱ).After induction of anesthesia,laryngeal mask airway was inserted,and artificial or mechanical ventilation was performed.Anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of sevoflurane (end-tidal concentration 0.5％-2.0％) and iv fentanyl 0.5-2.0 μg/kg.The sciatic nerve block on the affected side was performed under the guidance of a nerve stimulator,and 0.25％ bupivacaine 0.5 ml/kg was injected.Laryngeal mask airway removal time and emergence time were recorded.At 30 min of recovery from anesthesia,agitation was scored and the development of emergence agitation was recorded.Pain was evaluated with Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R) at 10 and 30 min of recovery from anesthesia.Adverse reactions including hypoxemia and nausea and vomiting were also recorded during recovery from anesthesia.Results Compared with group Ⅰ,the intraoperative consumption of fen tanyl and mean end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane were significantly decreased,laryngeal mask airway removal time and emergence time were shortened,and the incidence of emergence agitation,PPS-P scores and incidence of hypoxemia were decreased in group Ⅱ.Conclusion The sciatic nerve block is helpful in decreasing the development of emergence agitation following sevoflurane-based anesthesia in pediatric patients undergoing foot orthomorphia.

Objective To investigate neurosurgeons' knowledge,attitude and practice toward deceased organ donation and provide a reference to increase organ donation rate.Method In July 2015,150 questionnaires were issued to neurosurgeons from 36 hospitals in the Jilin province.Result 142 effective questionnaires were obtained.Neurosurgeons' knowledge toward deceased organdonation was relatively good in the whole.100％ (142/142) neurosurgeons were in favor of organ donation in public hospitals.95.8％ (136/142) neurosurgeons were willing to cooperate in organ donation and 100％ (142/142) approved legislation on brain death in China.97.2％ (138/142) were in favor of economic compensation for organ donor's family.100％ (142/142) neurosurgeons encountered to potential organ donors in the process of practice,but 71.8％ (102/142) prompted potential organ donors' families actively and initiatively to donate.Compared with physicians with junior titles,senior physicians had more active coordination donation behavior (x2 =12.133,P=0.002).The neurosurgeons,who had higher correct answer rate about the knowledge of organ donation,were more likely to take the initiative to coordinate organ donation (x2 =16.131,P＜0.001).Conclusion Professional training for neurosurgeon organ donation will contribute to promote potential organ donors in neurosurgery into actual organ donors.

Objective To investigate the alteration of chaperone hsp40 and its effects on the dealyed neuron death in the CAI neurons after transient cerebral ischemia.Method Twenty-minute transient global ischemia rat model was used.Following different repeffusion period,all the 28 wistar rats were divided into sham-operation group ,4-hour recovery group,24-honr recovery group and 72-hour recovery gronp,7 ratsin in each group,Immunochemistry and laser scanning confocal microscopy were used to observe the distributional alteration of hsp40 in the neurons.Differential centrifuge and westemblot analysis were used to analyze the quantitative alteration of hsp40 and its redistribution in the neurons.Results lnanunechemistry and laser scanning confocal microscopy showedthe reduction of hsp40 first in cytosol,then in the nucleus until all the neurons in the CAI region died.Differential centrifuge and westemblot analysis showed the quantity of hsp40 decreased from (1.00_+0.21) to (0.23±0.13)(P<0.01) after 24-hour repeffusion;the quantity of hsp40 in the protein aggregates increased from (1.00±0.18) to(8.61±1.89)(P<0.01) after24-hour reperfusion.Conclusions The reduction of hsp40 in the neurons of hippocampus CA1 region is an important factor resulting in protein aggregates formation.

Objective:A two-dimensional (2D) in-house-built scintillator detection system (SDS) was utilized for quality assurance of the active spot scanning proton and heavy ion accelerator, aiming to establish a rapid detection method and provide reference for the quality of proton and heavy ion beam (spot position, spot size, virtual source-to-axis distance, profile depth dose distribution and beam range).Methods:The SDS consisted of a ceramic gadolinium-sulfoxylate phosphor-scintillating screen, a mirror and a commercial digital camera. The dose distribution image was obtained based on scintillator, mirror reflector and optical signal acquisition device to transform the proton and heavy ion beam into visible light through sulfur gadolinium oxide scintillator and collect visible light information to meet the clinical requirements for the quality of proton and heavy ion beam.Results:The deviation of spot position measured by multifilament proportional chamber and the SDS was less than 1mm. The differences of beam spot size measured by multifilament proportional chamber and the SDS were (1.40±0.59)mm for protons, and (0.5±0.08)mm for carbon ions. For 429.25MeV/u carbon, the virtual source-to-axis distance (V SAD) at the x-and y-axes was 751.8cm and 805.6cm. And difference between physical distance and virtual source-to-axis distance was less than 1%. The range of 287.5MeV/u carbon measured by SDS was 160mm. Conclusions:The in-house-built scintillator detector can measure beam spot position and size, virtual source, depth distribution curve and range, which can be used as an effective tool for quality assurance control of proton and heavy ion therapy.

Apnea test (AT) is a key step in the diagnosis of adult brain death, which provides important basis for the loss of brainstem function in patients with adult brain death. In recent years, with extensive development of adult brain death determination and organ donation transplantation, discussion and research of AT have been gradually promoted. In formulation of adult brain death criteria, countries have paid more attention to the standardization and normalization of AT implementation, and medical staffs have improved the AT implementation process. This article reviews the current AT implementation standards, conventional AT procedures and complications, modified AT exploration, AT implementation with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and treatments and auxiliary examinations after AT failure, in order to deepen the understanding and cognition of adult brain death determination physicians on AT, and promote AT development in a more standardized and orderly way.

Objective:Explore the " project-talent-base" combining international science and technology cooperation management model and mechanism through summarizing the practical experience of a tertiary pediatric hospital in Beijing in recent years, to provide reference for strengthening the hospital′s international science and technology cooperation.Methods:Main problems existing in the management of international science and technology cooperation in domestic medical institutions are analyzed, and management methods of international science and technology cooperation adopted by the hospital are classified through policy sorting, literature research, summarization and classification.Results:The hospital has established an efficient and high-quality international science and technology cooperation management model mainly through four aspects: improving the international cooperation management system, enriching international cooperation and exchange projects, building different types of international science and technology cooperation platforms, and strengthening personnel training.Conclusions:Under the background of the globalization of science and technology and the accelerating pace of scientific research in China, improving the hospital′s international science and technology cooperation management model will effectively promote the introduction of international advanced technologies and concepts, and enhance the overall science and technology innovation capabilities and discipline construction.

BACKGROUNDNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common lung malignancy worldwide. The metastatic potential of NSCLC cells has been shown to be associated with the tumor microenvironment, which consists of tumor cells, stroma, blood vessels, immune infiltrates and the extracellular matrix. Fibroblasts can produce numerous extracellular matrix molecules and growth factors. Gefitinib has been evaluated as a first-line treatment in selected patients, and it has shown favorable efficacy especially in NSCLC, but it is not effective for everyone.

METHODSIn this study, we examined the antitumor activity of gefitinib on lung fibroblasts co-cultured of lung cancer cells. A series of co-culture experiments that employed cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), transwells, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting with HFL-1 fibroblasts and A549 human lung carcinoma cells were performed to learn more about tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion; and to determine any change of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated tumor markers vimentin, matrix metallopro-teinase 2 (MMP2) and chemotaxis cytokines receptor 4 (CXCR4) mRNA levels.

RESULTSA549 cell proliferation in the presence of HFL-1 cells was not significantly increased compared with A549 cells alone, but A549 cell spheroid body formation was increased after co-culture, and treatment with gefitinib increased further. Our study also revealed that fibroblasts attenuated the lung cancer cell inhibition ratio of migration and invasion after gefitinib treatment in vitro. To further study this mechanism, RT-PCR analysis showed that vimentin, MMP2 and CXCR4 mRNA levels were more highly expressed in the lung cancer cells after co-culture, but did not obviously decrease compared with the control cells following gefitinib treatment. This suggests the mechanism by which fibroblasts attenuate gefitinib-induced expression of EMT-associated tumor markers. Finally, our results demonstrated that co-culture with A549 lung cancer cells does not alter the cell cycle distribution of HFL-1 fibroblasts. Furthermore, HFL-1 fibroblasts had no effect on the cell cycle distribution of HFL-1 cells treated with gefitinib.

CONCLUSIONGefitinib has lower anti-tumor activity on A549 lung cancer cells when co-cultured with HFL-1 fibroblasts.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Coculture Techniques ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; drug effects ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Quinazolines ; pharmacology

A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that broke out at the end of 2019 is a newly discovered highly pathogenic human coronavirus and has some similarities with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the receptor for infected cells by SARS-CoV. SARS-CoV can invade cells by binding to ACE2 through the spike protein and SARS-CoV-2 may also infect cells through ACE2. Meanwhile, ACE2 also plays an important role in the course of pneumonia. Therefore the possible role of ACE2 in SARS and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is worth discussing. This paper briefly summarized the role of ACE2 in SARS, and discussed the possible function of ACE2 in COVID-19 and potential risk of infection with other organs. At last, the function of ACE2 was explored for possible treatment strategies for SARS. It is hoped to provide ideas and theoretical support for clinical treatment of COVID-19.