The tip of the external ear of the rabbit was cut off with one pair of unsterilizedscissors. The newly formed epidermal cells at the site of the wound were examined atdifferent stages during the healing process with ordinary, special and vital staining methods.It was found that in the neighborhood of the growing epidermis, various kinds of connectivetissue elements, including leucocytes, collagenous fibers, macrophages, cartilages, etc., werebroken up into structureless debris of different sizes and forms. These debris graduallytransformed into newly formed naked nuclei, connecting with the previously formedepidermal cells, and these newly formed naked nuclei progressively developed into newlyformed epidermal cells. There was no evidence of mitotic division among the newly formed epidermis butit may be found in the previously formed region. The possibility of the identity of theseconnective tissue debris with the so-called "the living substance" and their transformationinto newly formed cells was discussed.

Sixty-two adult rats were employed, 8 of them served as controls and the remainderwere exposed to whole body X-irradiation in a single dose of 500 r. The animals weresacrificed at intervals of 2, 6, 12 hours and 1, 3, 6, 10, 20, 30 days after irradiation.Specimens of the spleen were obtained from both the experimental and control groups forhistological and histochemical examinations. The data indicate that: 1. A marked decrease in the spleen size and in the number of its Malpighian cor-puscles, and a severe destruction of its architecture with an extensive necrosis of lympho-cytes, occurred within 24 hours after irradiation. Regeneration began on the 6th day andthe spleen became almost normal at the end of the 30th day. Among the various cell-types of the spleen, the radiosensitivity was highest in the lymphocytes and lowest in theplasma cells. The reticular cells were apparently injured during the early stage afterirradiation, though they belonged to the radioresistant series. 2. The decrease in staining intensity of both desoxyribose-and ribose nucleic acidsof the spleen started as early as 2 hours after irradiation and continued to reach itsmaximum in a period of 1--3 days. This result was produced not only by the depletionin cell population, but also by the decrease in nucleic acid content of individual cells. 3. A marked increase in the activity of nonspecific alkaline phosphatase and ade-nosine triphosphatase occurred within 24 hours and it returned gradually to normal fromthe 3rd day to the 10th day after irradiation. 4. There was no significant change in the amount of protein-bound SH-groups ofvarious cell-types of the spleen in each post-irradiation period. 5. No difference was found in the changes produced by irradiation between theanimals fed with normal diet and those fed with phospholipides in addition.

Objective:To explore the effects of body mass index (BMI) and gender on primary lung cancer 18F-FDG uptake param-eters, standardized uptake value (SUV), and standard uptake value of lean body mass (SUL). Methods:Data of 50 patients with prima-ry lung cancer confirmed by 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) were retrospectively analyzed. AW4.6 workstation was employed to measure the SUVmean and SUVmax. Meanwhile, PETVCAR (PET Volume Computed Assisted Reading, GE Healthcare) software was used to automatically measure the SULmean, SULmax, and SULpeak. The SUVmean, SUV-max, SULmean, and SULmax of the liver (central region of the right lobe) were also measured automatically by PETVCAR. Afterward, T/N ratios (lesion SUVmax/liver SUVmean, lesion SULmax/liver SULmean, and lesion SULpeak/liver SULmean) of the lung cancer lesions were calculated. Correlations of the 18F-FDG metabolic parameters with BMI and gender of the patients were analyzed. Results:Liver SUVmean and SUVmax demonstrated significant positive correlations with BMI in all the patients (γ=0.38 and 0.36, P<0.05), and the SUVmean and SUVmax were positively correlated with BMI in male and female groups (γ=0.47 and 0.44, P<0.05), respective-ly. By contrast, no correlation existed between the liver SULmean and SULmax and BMI (P>0.05). No significant correlation was not-ed between the SUVmean, SUVmax, SULmean, SULmax, and SULpeak of the lung cancer lesions and BMI (P>0.05). The correlation trend is the same as that in different gender groups. Only the SUVmax T/N ratio of the lung cancer lesions showed a significant nega-tive correlation with BMI (γ=?0.29, P<0.05). The T/N ratios did not correlate with BMI in the different gender groups (P>0.05). Con-clusion:Patient BMI and gender mainly affect SUV values, particularly SUVmax, by contrast, patient BMI and gender did not signifi-cantly influence SUL and T/N ratio (SUL). Hence, SUL can be more suitable to quantitatively analyze and assess treatment response ob-jectively. This result will be helpful to the clinical application and promotion of PERCIST, which evaluates treatment response mainly by SUL.

Objective To explore the reason of colon cancer with appendicitis and reduce the rate of misdiagnosis. Methods We car-ried out analysis retrospectively to analyze 1 094 hospitalized patients with colon cancer in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical Uni-versity from January 2006 to March 2013. Results Among 1 094 colon cancer patients,31 patients who firstly diagnosed with acute appendi-citis received appendectomy,1 patient with appendiceal abscess received non-surgical treatment. Among 31 patients with acute appendicitis,6 patients were found to be with ileocecal tumors during surgeries;24 patients were diagnosed with colon cancer within one year;incision of 1 patient did not heal, with continuous drainage of brown liquid;the appendicitis of 1 patient who received non-surgical treatment was recur-rent. Conclusion As lack of typical symptoms,colon cancer is prone to misdiagnose and diagnose incorrectly when the cancer co-exists with appendicitis and symptoms of appendicitis were showed firstly. Therefore,clinicians should be vigilant for patients with appendicitis. In order to induce the rate of misdiagnosis,it is essential that requesting disease history carefully,timely and relevant inspection and appropriate ex-ploratory surgery for the patients with appendicitis.

Objective To investigate the effect of Chinese herbal compound"Jisuikang"on the phagocyto-sis of neuronal debris by microglial cells. Methods To prepare serum containing drugs of JSK and divide them into the low,middle and high dose groups,the blank serum group and LPS+blank serum group. BV2 was labeled by lentiviral vectors containing the green fluorescent protein gene (GFP). To establish the damage neuron model and mix injured neurons with the transfected microglia. To observe the situation of microglia which was affected by serum containing drugs devour the neuronal debris. Results The middle and high dose of JSK showed greater phagocytic percentage and phagocytic index than those of the control group(P<0.001). In comparison of LPS+blank serum group,no significant difference was found in the middle and high dose of JSK. However,to the phagocytic index, which was better than that of LPS+blank serum group(P<0.05). Conclusion JSK may enhance the engulfment of neuron debris by BV2,which could provide a better living environment for the growth of neurons.

Robots are being more and more used in surgery. High Intensity Focused Ultrasound is newly used in tumor treatment and it is non invasive. In this paper, we introduced a Robot integrated HIFU surgery system and its general flow. Also introduced is an 8 DOF surgical platform, its design, its mechanism and its kinematic analysis. In the end, we give out two spatial working areas individually. Each is the combination of 5 dimensional motions. Compared with other platforms available, this surgery platform is more flexible and accurate and its treatment area is larger. All these advantages make the treatment design easier.
Equipment Design ; Humans ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; instrumentation ; methods ; Neoplasms ; surgery ; Robotics ; instrumentation ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Ultrasonic Therapy ; methods

Objective: To observe the effects of 8 week inspiratory muscle training on lung function, respiratory muscle strength, exercise performance, body composition and lipid metabolism in obese college students, and to provide a reference for optimizing rehabilitation plan for obese patients. Methods: A total of 58 obese college students were randomly divided into experimental group(n=28) and control group(n=30). The experimental group received inspiratory muscle training with 50% of maximal inspiratory pressure(P Imax), 3 times a week for a total of 8 weeks. Except for the intensity set to 5% P Imax, other parameters in the control group were the same as those in the experimental group. Lung function, respiratory muscle strength, exercise performance, body composition and blood lipids were measured before and after intervention. Results: The completion rates of the training program (adherence) in the experimental group and the control group were 98.0% and 99.2%, respectively. No serious adverse events occurred during intervention. After intervention, P Imax and 6 minute walk test (6MWT) distance increased (t=-7.44, -4.11, P<0.05), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate decreased after 6MWT (t=2.13, 2.63, P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in lung function, body composition and blood lipid level in the experimental group (P>0.05). There was no significant change in the above indexes in the control group (P>0.05). Conclusion Eight week inspiratory muscle training can effectively improve inspiratory muscle strength and exercise performance in obese college students, whereas it had no effects on expiratory muscle strength, lung function, body composition and blood lipid profiles.

Objective Using middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model to observe protective effect of effective components of bezoar on brain damage.To discuss the anti-cerebral ischemia mechanism and compare the efficacy of effective components of bezoar from the endoplasmic reticulum stress intervention angle.Methods Rats were stratified randomly divided into sham group,model group,Qingkailing group (positive drug,3 mL/kg),taurine group,ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA,78 mg/kg) group,taurine-conjugated ursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA,100 mg/kg) group.Through establish MCAO model in rats,observed the scores of the neurologic impairment,measured infarct volume by TTC.Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were Used to detect the content of P-PERK,P-EIF2α,and ATF4.Results Compared with sham group,neurologic impairment scores of model group significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with model group,Qingkailing group,UDCA group,and TUDCA group significantly improved neurological function in rats (P ＜ 0.05,0.01).Compared model group,all the treatment groups could significantly reduce the volume of cerebral infarction (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with sham group,expression of P-PERK,P-EIF2α,and ATF4 was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with model group,all the treatment groups reduced the expression of P-PERK,P-EIF2α,and ATF4 in varying degrees,effect of Qingkailing and TUDCA were more obvious.Conclusion The effective components ofbezoar alleviate cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress,the effect of TUDCA is better than that of taurine and UDCA.

Objective To evaluate the application value of bedside noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring in the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal septic shock.Methods The purchase time and use of Ultrasound Cardiac Output Monitor (USCOM) to monitor hemodynamic status were taken as the grouping condition,and the infants admitted to Department of Neonatology in Shanghai Children's Hospital from March 2014 to December 2016 were divided into 3 groups,16 of USCOM's pre-purchased septic shock infants were taken as non-USCOM monitoring group,20 patients with septic shock received USCOM monitoring as USCOM monitoring group,the other 20 non-septic shock neonates were assigned as a control group,whose primary diseases were premature,neonatal jaundice or neonatal pneumonia.Systolic volume (SV),cardiac output (CO),heart rate (HR),cardiac index (CI) and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) in USCOM monitoring group and control group were recorded.The doses of dopamine,dobutamine,epinephrine or norepinephrine and the time of vasoactive drug administration were compared between the USCOM monitoring group and non-USCOM monitoring group.The data of 3 groups were analyzed statistically.Results Compared with the control group,the hemodynamic parameters of the USCOM monitoring group before treatment such as CO [(0.68 ± 0.44)L/min vs.(0.44 ± 0.17) L/min,t =3.306,P =0.004],CI [(4.40 ± 1.88) L/(min · m2) vs.(3.00 ±0.40) L/(min · m2),t =3.328,P =0.004],SV [(3.90 ±2.39) cm3 vs.(3.08 ±0.31) cm3,t =2.227,P =0.038]and HR [(166.09 ± 26.20) times/min vs.(145.35 ± 16.16) times/min,t =2.750,P =0.013] were increased,while the SVRI showed an obvious decline [(795.88 ± 450.19) d · s/(cm5 · m2) vs.(1 160.61 ± 49.59)d · s/(cm5 · m2),t =-2.898,P =0.009],and the differences were statistically significant.While in the USCOM monitoring group after treatment,the CO [(0.56 ± 0.28) L/min vs.(0.68 ± 0.44) L/min,t =2.456,P =0.024] and CI [(3.65 ± 1.10) L/ (min · m2) vs.(4.40 ± 1.88) L/ (min · m2),t =2.614,P =0.017] were decreased significantly compared with those in USCOM monitoring group before treatment.Compared with non-USCOM monitoring group,the doses of dopamine [(45.72 ± 28.80) mg/kg vs.(85.83 ± 69.33) mg/kg,t =2.352,P =0.005],dobutamine [(12.81 ±26.18) mg/kg vs.(85.83 ±69.33) mg/kg,t =4.351,P =0.002],epinephrine [(0.11 ±0.33) mg/kg vs.(0.90± 1.75) mg/kg,t=1.986,P =0.014],and the time of vasoactive drug use [(68.10 ±34.37) h vs.(167.75 ± 117.14) h,t =3.626,P =0.001] were decreased significantly in USCOM monitoring group.The doses of norepinephrine [(1.91 ± 3.79) mg/kg vs.(0.47 ± 0.90) mg/kg,t =-1.481,P =0.046] were increased significantly in USCOM monitoring group.Conclusion The noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of septic shock in neonates by clarifying the hemodynamic status of shock and guiding the rational use of vasoactive drugs so as to improve the successful rescue rate.

Objective To analyze the value of dynamic enhanced multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) combined with two-dimensional (2D) curved reconstruction technique in the differentiation of benign and malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of pancreas,and compare with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP).Methods MSCT and MRCP data of a total of 50 patients with IPMNs confirmed by pathology after surgery was retrospectively reviewed.The benign and malignant IPMNs were differentiated based on the presence of mural nodules,main pancreatic duct (MPD) ≥ 10 mm,septum thickness ≥2 mm,calcification,surrounding vascular infiltration,enlarged peripancreatic lymph nodules,distant metastatic lesions and maximal branch duct type IPMN lesions ≥30 mm shown in the images.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were calculated and the receiver-operating-characteristics (ROC) analysis were drawn.Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated.Results Mural nodules in MSCT had a sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of 77.1％ (27/35),80.0％ (12/15) and 78.0％ (39/50) for diagnosing malignant IPMN,respectively;which in MRCP were 77.1％ (27/35),86.7％ (13/15),and 80.0％ (40/50) in comparison.When MPD diameter ≥10 mm was used for diagnose malignancy,MSCT and MRCP had the sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of 96.3％ (26/27),81.8％ (9/11),92.1％ (35/38),and 96.3％ (26/27),90.9％ (10/11),94.7％ (36/38),respectively.For thick septum ≥2 mm,MSCT and MRCP had the sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of 4.8.6％ (17/35),93.3％ (14/15),62.0％(31/50),and 51.4％ (18/35),93.3％ (14/15),64.0％ (32/50),respectively.Out of 50 cases,calcifications were detected on MSCT in 6 patients,and 5 of them were pathologically diagnosed as malignant IPMN.MRCP failed to identify calcifications in any of these lesions.For MSCT,the AUC of MPD diameter ≥ 10 mm,mural nodules and thick septum ≥ 2 mm were 0.973 (P =0.000),0.825 (P =0.002) and 0.704(P =0.051),respectively.For MRCP,the AUC of the three factors above were 0.976(P =0.000),0.825(P =0.002),0.722 (P =0.034),respectively.For the predicting of IPMN malignancy,MSCT had an overall sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of 94.3％ (33/35),73.3％ (11/15) and 88.0％ (44/50),respectively;in comparison,MRCP had values of 94.3％ (33/35),80.0％ (12/15) and 90.0％ (45/50),respectively.Conclusions Presence of mural nodules,MPD ≥10 mm and thick septum ≥2 mm on MSCT combined with 2D curved reconstruction or MRCP have a high value for predicting the malignancy of IPMN.The values of MSCT and MRCP were basically consistent in the differentiation of benign and malignant IPMN.MSCT can be used as the preferred examination for diagnosing IPMN in the primary hospitals without MR equipment.