OBJECTIVE:To discuss the importance and prospects of the reforming of the Chinese medicinal decoction pieces. METHODS: The advantages and disadvantages of all kinds of decoction pieces(categorized by particle diameter) in preparation, application and management were analyzed comprehensively. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Comminuting and extracting are two basic approaches for the current reform of the Chinese medicinal decoction pieces, and the reform of the decoction pieces is mainly aimed at nano-Chinese medicinal decoction pieces.

Objective To study the curative effect of traditional chinese medicine combined with noninvasive ventilation on respiratory failure in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.MethodsThe patients were divided into experimental group (n=37) and control group (n=37).The experimental group was treated with traditional chinese medicine combined with noninvasive ventilation.The control group was treated with noninvasive ventilation method.The heart rate, blood gas analysis index, ventilation index and complication were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.ResultsAfter treatment, the levels of PaO2 in the two groups were not significantly different.The heart rate and PaCO2 of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group, while the pH value and SaO2 were significantly higher than those in the control group (P< 0.05), and the total incidence of complications was 21.62%, which was significantly lower than that of the control group (64.86%, P<0.05).The time of infection control window, the highest PEEP and the time of mechanical ventilation were significantly shorter than those of the control group (P< 0.05).ConclusionThe treatment of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) combined with noninvasive ventilation therapy can significantly improve the heart rate and blood gas analysis indexes, and optimize the noninvasive ventilation efficiency, control lung infection as soon as possible, shorten the time of noninvasive ventilation and reduce the side effects that noninvasive ventilation brought about.

Objective To study the relation of type Ⅱ topoisomerase gene mutation and mechanism of Ureaplasma urealyticum resistant to quinolones. Methods 13 isolates of Uu resistant to 6 quinolones were selected from 184 clinical isolates by using broth dilution method, and their gyrA, gyrB, parC, parE were amplified by PCR.After sequencing, results were compared with the nucleotide sequence of susceptible reference strain. ResultsMICs of resistant Uu isolates were 4 to 32 fold higher than susceptible reference strain counter parts; sequence comparison revealed a C to A change at 87nt of gyrA QRDR led to the substitution of aspartic acid by glutamic acid and a C to T change at 50nt of parC QRDR led to the substitution of serine by leucine, with no amino acid change observed in GyrB and ParE. Conclusion These results suggest that a C to A change at 87nt of gyrA QRDR and a C to T change at 50nt of parC QRDR are associated with quinolone resistance of Uu.

Objective To present the experience of repairing advanced scrotal hypospadias with the combined use of tubed transverse preputial island flap (Duckett) and inversed scrotal raphe flap urethroplasty. Methods 19 cases were operated on with repairing distal urethral tube by Duckett preputial island flap and scrotal raphe flap urethroplasty with suturing together the adjoining ends of the two tubes on an oblique plane.The age of the patients ranged from 2 to 12 years. The length of urethroplasty was 5～9 cm. Results All the cases were followed up for 6 months to 4 years. 17 cases recovered fully on one stage operation. 2 were complicated by urethral fistula. Conclusions The results are satisfactory.The use of a casing tube is reasonable and nontraumatic.

OBJECTIVE:To study the anti-inflammatory,antalgic effects and irritation of Fuyan suppository. METHODS:Mouse auricle swelling test(Fuyan suppository 4.5,3.0 and 1.5 g/kg for administration)and mouse vola pedis swelling test(5 min and 0.5,1,4,6 h)were employed to study the anti-inflammatory effect of Fuyan suppository. Mouse writhing response test(Fuy-an suppository 4.5,3.0 and 1.5 g/kg) was used to study the antalgic effect. Rabbit vagina mucosa irritation test was adopted to study the vaginal irritation(Fuyan suppository 1.0 g/rabbit,once daily for one week). RESULTS:Fuyan suppository at a dose of 4.5,3.0 or 1.5 g/kg could inhibit auricle swelling of mice and reduce the times of mice’s writhing response. 3.0 g/kg Fuyan suppos-itory could,at 0.5-6 h from administration,inhibit vola pedis swelling of mice and be nonirritating to the rabbit’s vagina. CON-CLUSIONS:Fuyan suppository has better anti-inflammatory and antalgic effects and is nonirritating to the rabbit’s vagina. Theoreti-cally,vaginal administration of Fuyan suppository can be considered as safe.

AIM: To develop a method for determining the contents of peoniflorin,ferulaic acid and paeonol in Shi'er Wuji Baifeng Pills(Gallus Domesticus,Radix Astragali,Rhizoma Dioscoreae,Radix Codonopsis,etc.) METHODS: The analytical column was an ODS column.The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution using a gradient elution.The detection wavelengths of peoniflorin,ferulaic acid and paeonol were at 230,320 and 274 nm,respectively. RESULTS: The calibration curves of peoniflorin,ferulaic acid and paeonol showed good linearity at the ranges of 21.19-211.90,1.01-10.06,10.63-106.30 ?g/mL and the average recoveries were 98.63%,98.35%,99.12%,respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is simple,rapid,reliable and can be used for the drug control.

Objective To investigate the validity and reliability of Item Erectile Function Scale (I-EF) for neurogenic erectile dysfunc-tion (ED). Methods 104 patients with spinal cord injury were assessed with I-EF. They were measured with pudendal somatosensory ner-vous evoked potential (SEP), bulbocavernosus reflex potential time (BCR) and nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) detection. 34 patients ac-cepted medicine for ED, and were assessed with I-EF after treatment. 21 patients with medium ED were assessed by 2 testers, and retested 2-4 weeks later. Results The patients who recorded their potential of SEP and BCR got the scores of Q1, Q2 above 7, and the absence with the scores of 3. Those found NPT 1-3 times got the score of Q3 above 7, and the absence with the scores of 3. The incidence of reflex erec-tions and NPT were more in complete suprasacral ones than in complete sacral ones (P<0.05). There was significant improvement after med-ication in patients with mild to medium ED (P<0.05). The interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.93 between testers and 0.90 between test-retest. Conclusion I-EF can be used to assess neurogenic erectile dysfunction for rehabilitation.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Yiqi huayu granules on gastrointestinal motility of gastrointestinal motili-ty disorder model mice and blood rheology of acute blood stasis model rats,and to provide experimental evidence for clinical use of it. METHODS:50 ICR mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,mosapride group(positive control chemi-cal drug,0.003 g/kg),Muxiang shunqi pills group(positive control TCM,0.36 g/kg)and Yiqi huayu granules group(2.4 g/kg), with 10 mice in each group. Treatment groups were given relevant medicine solution intragastrically,once a day,for a week;nor-mal group and model group were given normal saline intragastrically. Those groups fasted for 24 h after last medication,and then were given above medicine intragastrically;1 h later,they were given atropine sulfate intragastrically to induce gastrointestinal mo-tility disorder model except for normal control group. The stomach residue rate and intestinal propulsive rate of mice were mea-sured. 60 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Compound danshen tablet group(positive control,1.0 g/kg)and Yiqi huayu granules high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups(2.4,1.2,0.6 g/kg),with 10 rats in each group. Nor-mal group and model group were given normal saline intragastrically,and treatment groups were given relevant medicine,once a day,for a week. 1 h after last medication,those groups were given adrenaline intraperitoneally+aqua astricta. to induce acute blood stasis model except for normal group. The whole blood viscosity(high-shearing,middle-shearing,low-shearing),plasma viscosity, 1,3,5 min platelet aggregation rate ,hematocrit and maximal platelet aggregation rate were all detected in rats. RESULTS:Com-pared with normal group,stomach residue rate of mice in model group was increased significantly(P<0.01),while intestinal pro-pulsive rate was decreased significantly(P<0.01). The whole blood viscosity(high-shearing,middle-shearing,low-shearing),plas-ma viscosity,hematocrit,1,3,5 min platelet aggregation rate and maximal platelet aggregation rate of rats were all increased sig-nificantly in model group (P<0.01). Compared with model group,above indexes of mice/rats were all improved significantly in treatment groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Yiqi huayu granules can significantly promote the function of gastrointes-tinal peristalsis and anticoagulation.

Objective? To?investigate?the?antimicrobial?resistance?and?beta-lactamase?production?profile?in?the?gram-negative?bacilli?isolated from urinary tract infections in the Second People's Hospital of Gansu Province during the period from 2014 to 2015. The results will provided to clinicians for better antimicrobial treatment. Methods? The?bacterial?isolates?were?identified?via?conventional?laboratory?tests?or?automatic?identification?systems?and?subjected?to?antimicrobial?susceptibility?testing?by?using?Kirby-Bauer?method.?Three-dimensional test was used to detect the enzymes conferring antimicrobial resistance. The susceptibility testing results were interpreted according to the CLSI breakpoints issued in 2012. Results A total of 987 gram-negative strains were isolated from urinary tract infections, including E. coli (51.6%, 509/987), Enterobacter (11.0%, 109/987), P. aeruginosa (10.5%, 104/987), K. pneumoniae (9.9%, 98/987), P. mirabilis (9.3%, 92/987), C. freundii (4.7%, 46/987), and other gram-negative bacilli (2.9%, 29/987). ESBLs were produced?in?494?(50.1?%)?of?the?987?strains?of?gram?negative?bacilli.?Preliminary?screening?test?identified?243?AmpC?beta-lactamases?producing?strains,?and?135?(13.7?%)?strains?were?confirmed?by?three-dimensional?test.?Both?ESBLs?and?Amps?beta-lactamases?were?produced in 16 (1.6%) strains. The prevalence of ESBLs-producing strains was 79.6% in E. coli, 34.6% in P. aeruginosa and 37.8% in K. pneumoniae?isolates.?Metallo-β-lactamase?or?KPC?beta-lactamase?was?not?identified.?The?antimicrobial?resistance?was?serious?in?gram-negative bacilli, which showed relatively low resistance rate to imipenem (0.02%), amikacin (10.6%), cefoperazone-sulbactam (23.8 %), and nitrofurantoin (25.2 %). E. coli prevalence of levofloxacin,?ciprofloxacin?resistance?respectively?were?89.8%,?91.8%. The gram-negative bacilli from urinary tract also showed various levels of resistance to cephalosporins. Conclusions The gram-negative bacilli isolated from urinary tract infections are mainly E. coli. The gram-negative isolates show high level antimicrobial resistance and high prevalence of beta-lactamases. Imipenem, amikacin, cefoperazone-sulbactam, and nitrofurantoin still have very high antibacterial activity against these isolates in vitro.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the dynamic features of angiogenesis in residual tumors after high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU),and to determine the temporal effect and mechanism of hypoxia inducible factor-2 alpha (HIF-2a) in the angiogenic process of residual tumors.

METHODSXenograft tumors of HepG2 cells were generated by subcutaneously inoculating athymic BALB/c nu/nu mice with the hepatoma cells.About 30 days after inoculation,all mice (except in the control group) were treated by HIFU and assigned randomly to the following 7 groups according to various time intervals post-treatment:1st,3rd,5th day and 1st,2nd,3rd,4th week when the residual tumor tissues were obtained from the experimental groups.Protein levels of HIF-2a and vascular growth factor A (VEGF-A) were quantified by immunohistochemistry and western blotting,and mRNA levels were measured by (real-time quantitative) qPCR. Microvascular density (MVD) was calculated by counting the CD31-positive vascular endothelial cells identified by means of an immunohistochemical staining method.

RESULTSCompared with results from the control group,the protein and mRNA levels of HIF-2a expression reached the highest level in the experimental mice at the 2nd week (P=0.000 and P < 0.01 respectively),and were decreased thereafter(3rd week and 4th week, P=0.000 and P < 0.05).VEGF-A expression in the residual tumor tissues group that received HIFU was significantly decreased,compared with the control group,at all time points uPto 1 week (all P=0.000 and P < 0.01),but the levels increased compared to controls in the 2nd through 4th week (all P=0.000, P < 0.05). Similar results were obtained for MVD.

CONCLUSIONHIFU treatment can inhibit angiogenesis in residual hepatoma tissues in the short-term (1 to 2 weeks post-treatment) in mice with hepatocellular carcinoma,but can promote angiogenesis overtime (2 to 4 weeks post-treatment); the angiogenic process may involve the HIF-2α/VEGFA pathway.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; Hep G2 Cells ; High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism