Objective In the present study we examined the roles of three proinflammatory cytokines, i.e. tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?), interleukin 1?(IL-1?), and IL-8 in the early phase of APTE, and analyze the impact of these cytokines on the systemic circulation. Methods APTE was induced in 7 anesthetized dogs by injecting the thrombus of own blood into the right jugular vein. Seven animals receiving only warm sterile saline served as controls. Arterial serum samples were collected regularly (0h, 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 4h, 6h) and cytokine levels could be measured by radio-immunity assay. Results Introduction of clots into the pulmonary circulation caused significant increase in the mean pulmonary arterial pressure(from 99.1?5.7 to 66.8?15.3mmHg, P

BACKGROUND:The finite element analysis used to study the biomechanical properties of foot structure contributes to overcome the disadvantages of traditional mechanical analysis of specimens. OBJECTIVE:To summarize some representative finite element models of the foot and review the establishment methods of finite element models of the foot with biomechanical properties. METHODS:A computer-based online search was conducted in CNKI, Wanfang and PubMed databases by using the key words of“finite element model, biomechanic, foot structure”from 1999 to 2015. The language was limited to both Chinese and English. Establishment methods of finite element models of the foot structure containing obtaining of model establishment data, establishment of solid model, setting methods of properties of model materials. The application of finite element analysis of the foot structure in sports biomechanics and medical orthotics was summarized to point the characteristics and disadvantages of finite element analysis application in biomechanics. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:An increasing number of studies on foot biomechanics provide the platform for finite element analysis of the foot applied in biomechanical analysis. Many key technologies, including self-adaption image segmentation method, hexahedron grid product method and establishment of finite element models with various materials have to be utilized to converse the medical images into digital models of finite element analysis during establishment of finite element models. Results of model establishment may be affected by limitation conditions, accuracy of image col ection, calculation results of finite element analysis. The reliability of finite element models can be increased by modify technologies and verification methods.

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of delayed radiation-induced brain injury. Methods 21 patients with delayed radiation-induced brain injury were diagnosed by CT, MRI and MRS, and were treated with dehydration, corticosteroid, neuroprective drugs and hyperbaric oxygen or surgery. Results The symptoms of 66.7% patients were obviously improved, 19.0% patients partly recovered and the symptoms of 14.3% patients were not obviously improved. Conclusion The early diagnosis and reasonable treatment could decrease delayed radiation-induced brain injury to minimal extent. The operative treatment should be performed in the patients who had operative indicators. And it was important to prevent the occurrence of delayed radiation-induced brain injury.

Objective To study the relationship of secretory type Ⅱ phospholipase A2(sPLA2),coronary artery score and atherogenic index in patients with coronary artery disease.Methods One hundred and seventy nine patients confirmed by angiography were enrolled in the coronary heart disease(CHD)group and another 89 non-CHD patients were enrolled in the control group.Serum levels of sPLA2 were measured by ELISA in all subjects.The severity of coronary artery lesions was analysed in terms of coronary artery score by quantitive computer system(QCA).The atherogenic index(AI)was also evaluated in the 2 groups.Results Compared with the control group,serum level of sPLA2 was higher in the CHD group(55.18?11.75 u/mL vs 68.15?16.70 u/mL,P

Objective To discuss the correlation between C-peptide level and autonomic neuropathy in diabetic foot in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2 h-PG) and fasting C-peptide (FC-P) were detected in 124 T2DM patients. The Neuropad was used to test functions of sudomotor nerves in foot. Patients were divided into two groups:diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN) group and non-autonomic neuropathy group (NDAN) according to the results of functions of sudomotor nerves in foot. Values of gender, age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, FBG, 2 h-PG and FC-P were compared between the two groups. The Pearson correlation analysis was carried out between the indexes mentioned above and the time for completing color change of Neuro-pad. Results There were no significant differences in gender, age, FBG and 2 h-PG between two groups (P>0.05). The FC-P level was (1.07 ± 0.75)nmol/L in DAN group, which was significantly lower than that in NDAN group (1.43 ± 1.00) nmol/L (P > 0.05). The time for completing color change of Neuropad was negatively correlated with C-peptide. Conclu-sion The autonomic nerve functions in diabetic foot is closely related with C-peptide. It is inferred that C-peptide may have protective effect on autonomic nerves in diabetic foot.

Objective To explore the effect and action principle of extracorpoporeal shock wave(ESW) combine hyperbaric oxygen(HBO) in bone nonunion treatment .Methods Totally 50 standard New Zealand white rabbits were chosen ,and 48 rabbits were successfully made to models .Then ,they were divided into four groups by using the random number table ,12 in each group . The group A was in ESW combine HBO group ;The group B was in hyperbaric oxygen group ;The group C was in pure ESW group ;The group D was in control group .X‐ray inspected before treatment and after treatment in 4 、8 、12 weeks .The calcium con‐tent was checked ,the osteoblast in bone callus was observed by the optical microscope ,and the data was analyzed by statistics .Re‐sults There was a significant difference in 4 ,8 ,12 weeks between group A and group B ,C ,D in the nonunion gap(P< 0 .05) ,there was significant difference in 4 ,8 ,12 weeks between group A and group B ,C ,D in the generation bone callus(P< 0 .05) .Callus calci‐um content of group A was higher than group C ,the difference was statistical significance(P< 0 .05) ,there was significant differ‐ence in 4 ,8 weeks between group A and group C in callus osteoblast count(P < 0 .05) .Conclusion ESW combine HBO treatment for bone nonunion is better than pure ESW therapy ,simple hyperbaric therapy has no obvious help for the treatment of bone nonun‐ion ,HBO can be used as a good synergy method in the extracorporeal shock wave treatment of bone nonunion .

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum adiponectin level and severity of coronary artery lesion. Methods The serum concentrations of adiponectin in 112 patients whom had received coronary arteriongraphy (CAG) were measured. Among them,58 cases had acute coronary artery syndromes(ACS)(ACS group), 25 cases had stable angina cordis(stable angina cordis group) and 29 cases had non-coronary disease (control group ). The severity of coronary artery lesion was evaluated by the number of stenosis vessel and Gensini score. All the patients were divided into single vessel lesion group (24 cases),double-vessel lesion group (26 cases ), triple-vessel lesion group (33 cases) by extent of disease; and 0- 1 score group (29 cases),2-20 scores group (28 cases),21-40 scores group (30 cases), ＞40 scores group (25 cases) by Gensini score. Results The serum concentrations of adiponectin in ACS group were lower than those in control group and stable angina cordis group[(6.43 ± 4.22 ) mg/L vs. ( 12.68 ± 6.47 ), (9.94 ± 8.48 ) mg/L]( P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05 ). The serum concentrations of adiponectin in control group were higher than those in single vessel lesion group, double-vessel lesion group and triple-vessel lesion group[( 12.68 ± 6.47 ) mg/L vs. (8.80 ±6.23), (8.04 ±5.93), (6.43 ±5.12) mg/L](P ＜0.01). The serum concentrations of adiponectin in single vessel lesion group were higher than those in triple-vessel lesion group (P＜ 0.01 ). The serum concentrations of adiponectin in 0-1 score group[.( 12.68 ±6.47) mg/L]and 2-20 scores group [(8.74 ± 6.68) mg/L]were respectively higher than those in 21-40 scores group[(7.64 ± 5.32) mg/L]and ＞ 40 scores group[(6.32 ± 5.46 ) mg/L](P ＜ 0.01 ). The serum concentrations of adiponectin in 21-40 scores group were higher than those in ＞ 40 scores group(P＜ 0.05 ). The serum concentrations of adiponectin were negatively correlated with the log of Gensini score (r = -0.584,P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusion The decrease in serum adiponectin might reflect the increase in severity of coronary artery lesion.

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between serum uric acid level and severity of coronary artery disease.MethodsThe concentrations of serum uric acid in 112 patients whom had received coronary arteriongraphy(CAG) was measured,among of them,acute coronary artery syndrome (ACS) with 58 cases( ACS group ),stable angina cordis with 25 cases( stable angina cordis group),non-coronary disease with 29 cases(control group).The severity of coronary artery lesion was evaluated by the number of stenosis vessel and Gensini score.They were divided into control group (29 cases),single vessel lesion group (24 cases),double vessel lesion group(26 cases),triple vessel lesion group(33 cases ) according to the number of stenosis vessel and 0-1 score group(29 cases),2-20 scores group(28 cases),21-40 scores group(30 cases),＞40 scores group (25 cases) according to the Gensini score.ResultsThe concentrations of serum uric acid in ACS group were higher than those in control group and stable angina cordis group[ (369.61 ± 91.97 ) μ mol/Lvs. (298.33 ±92.46),(330.43 ±87.42)μmol/L] (P ＜0.05).The concentrations of serum uric acid in control group were lower than those in single vessel lesion group,double vessel lesion group and triple vessel lesion group [(298.33 ±92.46)μmol/L vs. (331.77 ±86.33),(368.24 ±95.21),(396.82 ±94.45) μ mol/L] (P ＜ 0.05).The concentrations of serum uric acid in single vessel lesion group were significantly lower than those in double vessel lesion group and triple vessel lesion group (P ＜ 0.05 ).The concentrations of serum uric acid in 0-1 score group [ (298.33 ± 92.46) μ mol/L] and 2-20 scores group [ (320.77 ± 86.33 ) μ mol/L ] were respectively lower than those in 21-40 scores group [ (366.61 ± 91.97 ) μ mol/L ] and ＞ 40 scores group [ (402.82 ± 91.97 ) μ mol/L](P ＜ 0.05 ).The concentrations of serum uric acid in ＞ 40 scores group was higher than that in 21-40 scores group (P ＜ 0.05 ).Serum uric acid concentrations was positively correlated with the log of Gensini score (r =0.348,P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionThe increase in serum uric acid might reflect increase in severity of coronary artery stenosis.

Objective To examine the effect of voice cues on nonfluent aphasia patients'performance in reading idioms.Methods Very familiar idioms were presented to aphasia patients on a computer screen either with or without an accompanying voice cue.The patients were asked to say the last two words of each idiom.The number of errors with the last two words of the idioms wag used to compare the patients'performance under the two conditions.Results The mean correct score was 9.46±13.08 when the idioms were presented without a voice cue,but 13.61±6.06 with the voice cue.The difference was statistically significant.Conclusion Voice cues can improve the speaking of familiar idioms for nonfluent aphasia patients.

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a newly identified non-coding RNA subfamily with various regulatory functions.Recent evidence has shown the fundamental role of long noncoding RNAs in affecting the development of diseases at different levels,from gene modification,transcriptional regulation to protein transla tion.The study on lncRNA has made great progress in the studies of genomic imprinting,cancer diseases and neurodegenerative disorders,while the research relevant to autoimmune diseases has just staaed recently,However,many lncRNAs have been identified to involve in immune cells proliferation,differentiation and maturation,acting as the key regulators in immune homeostasis and autoimmune diseases.This review is focused on the advances of lncRNA in immune cells and autoimmune diseases.