BACKGROUND:The finite element analysis used to study the biomechanical properties of foot structure contributes to overcome the disadvantages of traditional mechanical analysis of specimens. OBJECTIVE:To summarize some representative finite element models of the foot and review the establishment methods of finite element models of the foot with biomechanical properties. METHODS:A computer-based online search was conducted in CNKI, Wanfang and PubMed databases by using the key words of“finite element model, biomechanic, foot structure”from 1999 to 2015. The language was limited to both Chinese and English. Establishment methods of finite element models of the foot structure containing obtaining of model establishment data, establishment of solid model, setting methods of properties of model materials. The application of finite element analysis of the foot structure in sports biomechanics and medical orthotics was summarized to point the characteristics and disadvantages of finite element analysis application in biomechanics. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:An increasing number of studies on foot biomechanics provide the platform for finite element analysis of the foot applied in biomechanical analysis. Many key technologies, including self-adaption image segmentation method, hexahedron grid product method and establishment of finite element models with various materials have to be utilized to converse the medical images into digital models of finite element analysis during establishment of finite element models. Results of model establishment may be affected by limitation conditions, accuracy of image col ection, calculation results of finite element analysis. The reliability of finite element models can be increased by modify technologies and verification methods.

Objective To discuss the treatment of half hallux toenail flap transplantation for reconstruction of the distal segment finger defect. Methods Based on using the first plantar/dorsal metatarsal artery, or toe artery as pedicle to cut off partial toenail together with toe abdomen flap or partial toenail to repair 64 cases which include 69 fingers with distal segment complete and partial defect,the distal skin avulsion,skin tube in postoperative plastic,replantation failure and so on.Depending on the size of the donor foot wound use the first dorsal metatarsal artery,second toe artery,the perforating branch of peroneal artery or plantar metatarsal artery flap to cover the wound, and then observe the appearance of the finger and foot donor site after operation. Results The finger pulp was full and elastic,nail bed of the toe was well healing,nail groove which originated from the reconstructed nail fold was shallow,the appearance wos realistic,all feelings were recover,two-point discrimination was 4 to 5 millimeter,the donor toe was plump like the original one in appearance,patients were all satisfied with the reconstructed finger and the toe shape,after a follow-up from 3 month to 4 years. Conclusion Half hallux toenail flap transplantation is an effective way to repair the distal segment finger defect.

Objective Cerebral small vessel disease is closely related to kidney disease .Chronic kidney disease ( CKD) may increase the risk of hemorrhage stroke .However, its impact on hemorrhage-prone small vessel disease represented by cerebral microb-leeds( CMBs) remains unclear .The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of CKD with the presence and location of CMBs in patients with acute lacunar stroke . Method Consecutive patients with acute lacunar stroke within 7 days from onset were enrolled retrospectively from January 2014 to July 2016 and scanned by gradient-echo T2*-weighted imaging (GRE-T2*WI).Their demographic, clinical, laboratory and imaging data were collected .Estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated individu-ally by the following chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation for the Asian population .CKD was defined as the level of eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Results Finally, 308 patients (mean age:65.79±8.67 years; median NHISS:3(2-5);42.2%Female) with lacunar ischemic stroke were enrolled in the final analysis .Among these patients, CMBs were present in 116 patients ( 37.7%) and CKD in 62 patients ( 20.1%) .Patients were divided into CKD group and normal group according to GFR level . The result of univariate analysis showed that patients with CKD had higher prevalence of diabetes ( P=0.014) and higher degrees of CMBs (P=0.001) compared with normal group.CMBs were refined by its location .The result of multivariable analysis showed that CMBs in deep brain [ OR=7.61, 95%CI 4.18-16.55, P=0.001] were sig-nificantly associated with CKD incidence , while no significant rela-tionship was found in CKD incidence and CMBs in the lobe and mixed location of brain . Conclusion The CKD incidence in patients with acute lacunar stroke is in dependent relationship with CMBs in deep brain and without significant correlation with CMBs in the lobe and mixed location of brain .

Objective To explore impact of BMI on the clinical efficacy of treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus after the laparoscopic gastric bypass. Methods Twenty patients were randomly selected from type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with BMI of 25 ~28 kg/m2 after laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery in our hospital from 2010 to 2013,20 patients from type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with BMI of 28~35 kg/m2 and 20 patients from type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with BMI≥35 kg/m2 . Accordingly,the total of 60 patients were divided into low BMI group,middle BMI group and high BMI group. The difference of the rate of blood glucose control and other indicators between three groups were compared and analyzed. Results The rate of blood glucose control in low BMI group was 75%,middle BMI group was 85%, and high BMI group was 90%. There was no statistical difference of the rate of blood glucose control between three groups at 12 months after laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery. The blood glucose and weight obviously improved in all patients,and fasting insulin and postprandial ser-um insulin decreased at 12 months after laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery. Conclusion All the patient of type 2 diabetes mellitus with dif-ferent BMI in three group can acquire satisfying clinical therapeutic effect after the laparoscopic gastric bypass.

In this study, the effects and mechanisms of miR-23b in the AD cell model were explored. Aβ25-35 was used to induce neuronal injury model, and cell viabilities were detected by MTT assay. The effect of miR-23b on the apoptotic levels of Aβ25-35-induced SH-SY5Y cells was analyzed using Annexin V-FITC/PI detection kit. The effect of miR-23b on the mitochondrial membrane potential of Aβ25-35-induced SH-SY5Y cells was examined using JC-1 fluorescent probe. The levels of cell apoptosis-related proteins and autophagy-related proteins were detected by Western blot. The results showed that miR-23b could alleviate the apoptosis and the abnormal mitochondrial membrane potential in SH-SY5Y cells induced by Aβ25-35.This study suggested that miR-23b may attenuate Aβ25-35-induced neuronal apoptosis by regulating apoptosis and autophagy-related pathway.

This study aimed at exploring the molecular mechanism of fibroin peptide in preventing the Aβ25-35-induced neuronal damages in SH-SY5Y cells.MTT was used to detect the effect of fibroin peptide on the changes of the Aβ25-35-induced injuries in SH-SY5Y cells;Western blot was employed to detect the effect of fibroin peptide on the changes of the Aβ25-35-induced hyperphosphorylation of Tau in SH-SY5Y cells;DCFH-DA probe method was used to detect the effect of fibroin peptide on the Aβ-induced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in SH-SY5Y cells.The results indicated that fibroin peptide could improve the activity of the PP2A and inhibit the activity of GSK-3β to decrease the hyperphosphorylation of Tau induced by Aβ25-35.Fibroin peptide could significantly prevent the Aβ25-35-induced neuronal damages and multisite Tau hyperphosphorylation.In addition,fibroin peptide could also reduce oxidative damage to protect neurons by significantly decreasing the Aβ25-35-induced production of intracellular ROS.

Objective:To investigate whether coxsackievirus A 16 (CVA16) infection would affect the expression of N6-methyladenosine (m 6A) methylation-related proteins in human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE), ICR suckling mice and SCRBA2 humanized mice and influence their subcellular localization. Methods:CVA16 was used to infect 16HBE cells at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.1 and mice at 10 7 CCID 50/ml. Changes in the expression of methyltransferases, demethylases and methylated reading proteins were analyzed by Western blot. Cellular localization of these proteins was observed using immunofluorescence. Results:The expression of m 6A methylation-related proteins was gradually reduced in CVA16-infected cells with time, but showed no obvious change in ICR suckling mice or SCRBA2 humanized mice. After infection, m 6A methylation-related proteins were redistributed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm and even degraded. Conclusions:CVA16 replication in host cells altered the expression and cellular localization of m 6A methylation-related proteins, which indicated that m 6A modification might be a new potential target for enterovirus therapy.

The phenomenon of off-label use of antitumor drugs in the treatment of malignant tumors is relatively common. Although it is conducive to the development of clinical medical practice, but it is still necessary to pay attention to ethical issues such as medication risks and inadequate implementation of informed consent. Therefore, to effectively avoid ethical risks and standardize the rational use of off-label antitumor drugs, this paper proposed that pharmacists should actively participate in the process of off-label use of antitumor drugs, improve the evidence level of evidence-based medicine, implement patients’ right to informed consent, and improve the hospital’s supervision system of off-label drug use, so as to ensure the reasonable and legal use of drugs by patients.

The dynamic or flowing tumor cells just as leukemia cells and circulating tumor cells face a microenvironment difference from the solid tumors, and the related targeting nanomedicines are rarely reported. The existence of fluidic shear stress in blood circulation seems not favorable for the binding of ligand modified nanodrugs with their target receptor. Namely, the binding feature is very essential in this case. Herein, we utilized HSPC, PEG-DSPE, cholesterol and two