There was the theory that all the disorders of the ve zang-organs can cause cough originated from Inner Canon of Huangdi.Many famous experts in ancient times developed the theory,which is important in guiding the clinical practice.Professor LIAN always treats cough,especially chronic cough from regulating qi activity of five zang-organs.For example,Xiaoyao powder for cough due to liver disorder,Fumai decoction for cough due to heart disorder,and so on.The curative e ect is remarkable because the treatment is based on origin of disease.This article adopts and analyze some proved cases of ve zang-organs,which is helpful in inheriting and developing ancient theory.

Objective To construct the evaluation index system of medical education for clinical departments in grade-three hospitals.Methods Questionnaire were answered by the clinical experts,medical education directors and VP for education in the grade-three hospitals.According to the principle of Delphi method,the survey included the basic situation of experts,the relative importance of each index and the degree of expert authority.SPSS 16.0 was used to analyze the data.Results The questionnaire recovery rate was 90％,with authority of the average value 0.88,and coordination coefficient 0.348.The coordination coefficient was tested by chi square test,P=0.000.Five first level indexes by the authoritative coefficient after correction (residency training,postgraduate education,academic education,continuing medical education,teaching for refresher doctors) of the weighted value (％) were 22、22、22、19 and 15 respectively.Conclusion The experts in this study represent strong and high enthusiasm and authority.After practical application,the index system is supposed to have practical application value.

Objective: To test the reliability and validity of a questionnaire on knowledge, beliefs and intentions about AIDS/safe sex for university students. Methods: Based on the data investigated with this questionnaire from 598 university students and the test-retest data from 63 university students, the internal consistency, test-retest reliability and construct validity were calculated. Results: This questionnaire had good reliability, with most parts having Cronbach ? coefficients large than 0.7 and retest coefficients large than 0.6. The factor structure was consistent with the theoretical hypothesis and the factors could explain 58.85% of the whole questionnaire.Conclusion:This questionnaire can be applied among university students to assess AIDS/safer sex related knowledge, beliefs and behavioral intentions.

Objective:To evaluate the potential value of indocyanine green combined with methylene blue and methylene blue alone in the detection of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) in breast cancer.Methods:The clinical data of 118 patients with early breast cancer from November 2016 to October 2018 in Dalian Central Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 62 patients underwent SLN biopsy under methylene blue (methylene blue group, 160 SLN), and 56 patients underwent SLN biopsy under indocyanine green combined with methylene blue (combined group, 190 SLN). After SLN biopsy, patients underwent grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ axillary lymph node dissection.Results:There was no significant difference in the positive lymph node rate and accuracy rate between 2 groups ( P>0.05); the SLN dyeing rate and SLN biopsy positive rate in combined group were significantly higher than those in methylene blue group: 97.9% (186/190) vs. 93.1% (149/160) and 28.4% (54/190) vs. 18.1% (29/160), and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05); the false negative rate in combined group was lower than that in methylene blue group: 5.3% (3/57) vs. 14.7% (5/34), but there was no statistical difference ( P>0.05). Conclusions:In breast cancer patients, the dual -tracing method of indocyanine green combined with methylene blue is better than using methylene blue alone in identifying SLN and predicting the status of axillary lymph nodes, and it has a tendency to reduce the false negative rate.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of microendoscopic discectomy through posterior approach in old patients with multilevel lumber spinal stenosis and analyze the influence factors that related to clinical effect .Methods 64 old patients with multilevel lumber spinal stenosis were selected and divided into microendoscopic group and open group based on different operation method ,each group contained 32 patients .Comparison was made between two groups in respects of operation time ,amount of bleed-ing ,hospital time post-operation and Nakai scores .Analyzed the influence factors that related to clinical effect .Results The opera-tion time ,amount of bleeding ,hospital time post-operation in microendoscopic group were lower than open group ,the differences had statistical significance .Based on the Nakei score ,the curative effect in microendoscopic group was slightly lower than open group ,but the differences had no statistical significance .The JOA score pre-operation ,walking distances and complication were rela-tive factors that could influence the clinical effect of microendoscopic discectomy through posterior approach method .Conclusion Microendoscopic discectomy through posterior approach in old patients with multilevel lumber spinal stenosis had quicker postoper-ative recovery than conventional operation ,and the JOA score pre-operation ,walking distances and complication were relative fac-tors that could influence the clinical effect of microendoscopic discectomy through posterior approach method .

Objective To investigate the lifestyles of internet addiction disorders and explore the relationship between lifestyles and internet addiction among Chinese adolescents.Methods In this cross-sectional stratified cluster sampling study,Demographic Information Questionnaire,Chinese Adolescent Lifestyles Scale (CALS)and Young's Internet Addiction Test were applied.Results (1) Adolescents with internet addiction were 275,accounting for 11.20％.Boys(15.45％) addicted the internet more than girls(7.48％).The prevalence rate of IAD was higher in students from urban(13.55％) than that in students from rural area(9.67％).The ratio of IAD was the highest in junior school students (14.01％),the second in university students (13.84％),the third in senior high school students(9.66％),and the lowest in primary school students(7.67％) (P＜0.01).(2) The internet addicts scored significantly lower on sleep,study habits,physical exercise,interpersonal relationship and coping style,compared to the normal group(P＜0.01).(3) Sleep status,study habits,physical exercise,interpersonal relationship and coping style were negatively correlated with internet addiction (r=-0.193,r=-0.319,r=-0.175,r=-0.225,r=-0.105,P＜0.01).(4)Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated learning habits and interpersonal relationship had negative predictive effects on internet addiction; whereas,the coping style showed a weak positive prediction effect on Internet addiction.Conclusion Internet addict teenagers have poor lifestyles which should be suggested to start the good behavior habit and insist on a healthy lifestyle to prevent the internet addiction disorder.

Objective To investigate temperature changes in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of heroin addicts with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).Methods 18 heroin addicts in the withdrawal state and 18 healthy volunteers (control group) were performed with MRS scan.First, resting-state MRS scan was performed on all subjects, and then did MRS scan again under visual stimulation while subjects were asked to carefully watch the heroin-related cue images.Measurements of NAA of the identified regions (the prefrontal cortex, bilateral hippocampus) were obtained from all subjects.Brain temperatures were calculated by the modified brain temperature-chemical shift equation.Results In resting state, the temperature of prefrontal cortex in heroin addicts group was higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05),and the brain temperature was positively correlated with total dose of heroin (P<0.05).The prefrontal cortex/hippocampus temperature of heroin addicts group did not showed statistical significance between resting state and visual stimulation state (P>0.05).Conclusion MRS can be used to measure brain temperature noninvasively.Temperature change of brain may be helpful for exploring the mechanism of drug addiction and craving.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of laparoscopic operation on pH value, phagocytic function of neutrophil, immunoadhesion activity of RBC CR 1 (complement receptor typeⅠ) in abdominal cavity. Methods Determination of the pH value, phagocytic function of neutrophil, immunoadhesion of RBC CR 1 in abdominal exudatives during laparoscopic procedures was undertaken and results were compared with the relative indexes detected in peripheral vein blood. Results The average pH value was 7.41, the percentage of the phagocyte was 74.6%, phagocytic index 55.7, and immunoadhesion activity of RBC CR 1 was 58% in blood during laparoscopic operation. While the average pH value was 7.14, the percentage of the phagocyte 65.6%, phagocytic index 47.6,and immunoadhesion activity of RBC CR 1 50% in the abdominal exudatives. Conclusion Compared with the peripheral vein blood indexes, the intraabdominal pH value, phagocytic function of neutrophil and immunoadhesion activity of RBC CR 1 decreased significantly during laparoscopic operation. The intraabdominal inflammation may diffuse with the effect of CO 2 pneumoperitoneum when patients with serious inflammation receive laparoscopic operation.

Objective To investigate the value of magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion weighted imaging(DWI) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer(PCa). Methods Fifty-seven patients with suspected prostate cancer underwent DWI and T_2-weighted imaging (T_2W). These images and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps results were compared with histopathologic findings. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) analysis was used to compare the cancer detection performance of them. The results were rated on a scale of scores Ⅰ (benign) to Ⅴ (malignant) on the basis of ADC maps. Abnormal voxels were overlaid on the corresponding transverse TRUS images and used to perform voxel-guided biopsy. Results DWI had a sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 82%, positive predictive value of 80%, negative predictive value of 86% , and accuracy of 83%. T2WI had a sensitivity of 77%, specificity of 71%, positive predictive value of 69%, negative predictive value of 79%, and accuracy of 74%. The areas under the ROC curves for DWI and T_2WI were 0. 830 and 0. 742, respectively. The performance of DWI in PCa detection was significantly better than of T_2WI (P<0. 05). 6 of 30 patients with negative DWI results also had negative biopsy findings. PCa was detected in 17(85%) of 24 men findings with voxel score Ⅳ , with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 46%, positive predictive value of 71 %, negative predictive value of 100% , and accuracy of 77%. Conclusions The performance of DWI in PCa detection was better than of T_2 WI. ADC maps can be transferred to TRUS images and used to sample regions of cancer in men with rising PSA levels and negative findings at prior biopsy with good accuracy. DWI appears to be a robust and reliable method to examine the whole prostate within an acceptable scan time in clinical settings.

Objective　To observe the clinical effects of human amniotic membrane as an alternative substrate for wrapping hydroxyapatite ocular prosthesis implants.Methods　After enucleation, hydroxyapatite orbital implants wrapped by human amniotic membrane were implanted with four rectus sutured to the implants .Among them, 4 cases were given primary implantation and 3 cases secondary implantation.Results　After 8 to 39 week follow-up, it was found that in 6 cases, the eyelids were plump and prosthesis moved well, but one implant was removed because of failure of scleral patch graft for implant exposure.Conclusion　The clinical results were satisfactory for ocular prosthesis implantation of hydroxyapatite sphere wrapped by human amniotic membrane, which may be considered as an alternative substrate for ocular prosthesis implants wrapper.