There was the theory that all the disorders of the ve zang-organs can cause cough originated from Inner Canon of Huangdi.Many famous experts in ancient times developed the theory,which is important in guiding the clinical practice.Professor LIAN always treats cough,especially chronic cough from regulating qi activity of five zang-organs.For example,Xiaoyao powder for cough due to liver disorder,Fumai decoction for cough due to heart disorder,and so on.The curative e ect is remarkable because the treatment is based on origin of disease.This article adopts and analyze some proved cases of ve zang-organs,which is helpful in inheriting and developing ancient theory.

Objective To construct the evaluation index system of medical education for clinical departments in grade-three hospitals.Methods Questionnaire were answered by the clinical experts,medical education directors and VP for education in the grade-three hospitals.According to the principle of Delphi method,the survey included the basic situation of experts,the relative importance of each index and the degree of expert authority.SPSS 16.0 was used to analyze the data.Results The questionnaire recovery rate was 90％,with authority of the average value 0.88,and coordination coefficient 0.348.The coordination coefficient was tested by chi square test,P=0.000.Five first level indexes by the authoritative coefficient after correction (residency training,postgraduate education,academic education,continuing medical education,teaching for refresher doctors) of the weighted value (％) were 22、22、22、19 and 15 respectively.Conclusion The experts in this study represent strong and high enthusiasm and authority.After practical application,the index system is supposed to have practical application value.

Objective: To test the reliability and validity of a questionnaire on knowledge, beliefs and intentions about AIDS/safe sex for university students. Methods: Based on the data investigated with this questionnaire from 598 university students and the test-retest data from 63 university students, the internal consistency, test-retest reliability and construct validity were calculated. Results: This questionnaire had good reliability, with most parts having Cronbach ? coefficients large than 0.7 and retest coefficients large than 0.6. The factor structure was consistent with the theoretical hypothesis and the factors could explain 58.85% of the whole questionnaire.Conclusion:This questionnaire can be applied among university students to assess AIDS/safer sex related knowledge, beliefs and behavioral intentions.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of microendoscopic discectomy through posterior approach in old patients with multilevel lumber spinal stenosis and analyze the influence factors that related to clinical effect .Methods 64 old patients with multilevel lumber spinal stenosis were selected and divided into microendoscopic group and open group based on different operation method ,each group contained 32 patients .Comparison was made between two groups in respects of operation time ,amount of bleed-ing ,hospital time post-operation and Nakai scores .Analyzed the influence factors that related to clinical effect .Results The opera-tion time ,amount of bleeding ,hospital time post-operation in microendoscopic group were lower than open group ,the differences had statistical significance .Based on the Nakei score ,the curative effect in microendoscopic group was slightly lower than open group ,but the differences had no statistical significance .The JOA score pre-operation ,walking distances and complication were rela-tive factors that could influence the clinical effect of microendoscopic discectomy through posterior approach method .Conclusion Microendoscopic discectomy through posterior approach in old patients with multilevel lumber spinal stenosis had quicker postoper-ative recovery than conventional operation ,and the JOA score pre-operation ,walking distances and complication were relative fac-tors that could influence the clinical effect of microendoscopic discectomy through posterior approach method .

Objective:To evaluate the potential value of indocyanine green combined with methylene blue and methylene blue alone in the detection of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) in breast cancer.Methods:The clinical data of 118 patients with early breast cancer from November 2016 to October 2018 in Dalian Central Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 62 patients underwent SLN biopsy under methylene blue (methylene blue group, 160 SLN), and 56 patients underwent SLN biopsy under indocyanine green combined with methylene blue (combined group, 190 SLN). After SLN biopsy, patients underwent grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ axillary lymph node dissection.Results:There was no significant difference in the positive lymph node rate and accuracy rate between 2 groups ( P>0.05); the SLN dyeing rate and SLN biopsy positive rate in combined group were significantly higher than those in methylene blue group: 97.9% (186/190) vs. 93.1% (149/160) and 28.4% (54/190) vs. 18.1% (29/160), and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05); the false negative rate in combined group was lower than that in methylene blue group: 5.3% (3/57) vs. 14.7% (5/34), but there was no statistical difference ( P>0.05). Conclusions:In breast cancer patients, the dual -tracing method of indocyanine green combined with methylene blue is better than using methylene blue alone in identifying SLN and predicting the status of axillary lymph nodes, and it has a tendency to reduce the false negative rate.

Objective　To observe the clinical effects of human amniotic membrane as an alternative substrate for wrapping hydroxyapatite ocular prosthesis implants.Methods　After enucleation, hydroxyapatite orbital implants wrapped by human amniotic membrane were implanted with four rectus sutured to the implants .Among them, 4 cases were given primary implantation and 3 cases secondary implantation.Results　After 8 to 39 week follow-up, it was found that in 6 cases, the eyelids were plump and prosthesis moved well, but one implant was removed because of failure of scleral patch graft for implant exposure.Conclusion　The clinical results were satisfactory for ocular prosthesis implantation of hydroxyapatite sphere wrapped by human amniotic membrane, which may be considered as an alternative substrate for ocular prosthesis implants wrapper.

Objective To explore sinus heart rate turbulence (HRT) in patients with different subtypes of essential hypertension (EH), and analyze the relationship between HRT and autonomic nervous system function damage in these patients. Methods The study consisted of 107 patients with EH (EH group) and 46 controls (control group). Based on 24 hours dynamic electrocardiogram, all patients were divided into dipper,non-dipper,and anti-dipper blood pressure group. The indexes about HRT and heart rate variability (HRV) among these groups were calculated and compared,and the relationship between turbulence onset (TO),turbulence slope (TS) and 24 hours mean systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure was analyzed. Results There were significant differences in TO,TS,SDNN between EH group and control group(P ＜ 0.05 ). TO in non-dipper and anti-dipper blood pressure group was significantly higher than that in control group( P ＜ 0.05 ), and TS was lower than that in control group(P ＜ 0.05 ). There was no significant difference in TO,TS between dipper blood pressure group and control group (P ＞ 0.05). TO in non-dipper and anti-dipper blood pressure group was significantly higher than that in dipper blood pressure group, but TS was lower than that in dipper blood pressure group (P ＜0.05). Correlation analysis showed that TO had positive relationship with average heart rate and age (rs = 0.265, P = 0.004;rs = 0.217, P = 0.018 ), but had negative correlation with SDNN and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (rx = -0.287,P = 0.002;rx =-0. 179, P = 0.049). Whereas, TS had negative correlation with average heart rate and age (r = -0.335, P =0.015 ;r = -0.238,P= 0.009), but had positive relationship with SDNN and LVEF(r = 0.540,P = 0.001 ;r =0.432,P = 0.001 ). Conclusions HRT of EH patients becomes significantly low. It suggests that the autonomic nerve function in EH patients be injured seriously.

Objective To investigate the lifestyles of internet addiction disorders and explore the relationship between lifestyles and internet addiction among Chinese adolescents.Methods In this cross-sectional stratified cluster sampling study,Demographic Information Questionnaire,Chinese Adolescent Lifestyles Scale (CALS)and Young's Internet Addiction Test were applied.Results (1) Adolescents with internet addiction were 275,accounting for 11.20％.Boys(15.45％) addicted the internet more than girls(7.48％).The prevalence rate of IAD was higher in students from urban(13.55％) than that in students from rural area(9.67％).The ratio of IAD was the highest in junior school students (14.01％),the second in university students (13.84％),the third in senior high school students(9.66％),and the lowest in primary school students(7.67％) (P＜0.01).(2) The internet addicts scored significantly lower on sleep,study habits,physical exercise,interpersonal relationship and coping style,compared to the normal group(P＜0.01).(3) Sleep status,study habits,physical exercise,interpersonal relationship and coping style were negatively correlated with internet addiction (r=-0.193,r=-0.319,r=-0.175,r=-0.225,r=-0.105,P＜0.01).(4)Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated learning habits and interpersonal relationship had negative predictive effects on internet addiction; whereas,the coping style showed a weak positive prediction effect on Internet addiction.Conclusion Internet addict teenagers have poor lifestyles which should be suggested to start the good behavior habit and insist on a healthy lifestyle to prevent the internet addiction disorder.

By software and signal analysis,visualization of medical NMR signals becomes possible.The T1,T2 resonance frequency value reflecting human tissue characteristics,and the FID,echo wave as well as other curves reflecting the intensity of signals,can contribute a lot to the teaching of the applied analysis of clinical NMR and MRI principles.

Objective To observe the intervention of acupuncture on guinea pig models of allergic reaction type Ⅳ.Methods Thirty-six albino guinea pigs were randomized into blank control group,model group,and acupuncture group.The guinea pig models of allergic reaction type Ⅳ were established by external application of dinitrochlorobenzene.The acupuncture group received acupuncture on acupoints of Quchi and Xuehai for 10 days.After treatment,the auricular thickness and weight,the number of intradermal inflammatory cells,and the auricular pathological changes in guinea pigs were observed.Results In the model group,the auricular thickness and weight were increased,and the number of intradermal monocytes,lymphocytes,neutrophils,and fibrocytes was also increased(P0.05),and the pathological changes of chronic eczema were relieved.Conclusion Acupuncture exerts an intervention on allergic reaction type Ⅳ.