Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy(PDT) combined with vitreous cavity injec‐tion of Lucentis treatment for choroidal neovascularization(CNV) diseases .Methods we retrospectively analyzed data of 30 cases (30 eyes) of CNV ,who was diagnosed by examination of visual acuity ,intmocular pressure ,ocular fundus ,fundus fluorescein angi‐ography (FFA) ,and optic coherence tomography(OCT) ,and who underwent PDT combined with intravitreal injection of Lucentis . Results At the 4 ~ 6 months follow‐up ,the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) improved in 22 eyes(73 .3% ) ,stabilized in 8 eyes (26 .7% ) and none decreased .Among the AMD ,14 cases(70 .0% ) required only a single combined treatment for CNV resolution ;3 cases of AMD needed retreatment 3 months later .In CNV group ,all of the cases required only a single combined treatment for CNV resolution .At the therapy and follow‐up period ,no ocular or systemic adverse reactions were noted .Conclusion The treatment of PDT combine intravitreal injection of Lucentis is safe and effective for CNV ,which could improve visual acuity and reduce retreat‐ment rates .

Objective To explore the status of adult attachment and its relationship with cognitions, emotions, behaviors, and personal relationship of undergraduate from rural areas with left-behind experience( URLB ).Methods This study investigated 4271 rural college students through questionnaires ( Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory Questionnaire, Simplified Coping Style, the Self-Esteem Scale, Center for Epidimiologic Studies Depression Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and College Student's Personal Relationship Synthetical Diagnostic Scale), and 1062 URLB were screened.Results 1.URLB have significant difference from those without in attachment avoidance, anxiety, depression, active coping style, self-esteem, and personal relationship ( t = 2.970,8.063,2.192,1.969,-6.605,-2.913,4.065 respectively, P ＜ 0.05 ).2.URLB with higher adult attachment avoidance showed obvious interpersonal difficulties( t =-3.415, P＜0.01 ); those with higher attachment anxiety showed dramatic rise in depression, state anxiety, trait anxiety and interpersonal difficulties ( t = 7.436, 7.961,10.131,2.633,6.764,10.598 respectively, all P ＜ 0.01 )Conclusion The psychological behavior features of URLB were affected by adult attachment.There are needed appropriate psychological interventions to URLB with high attachment avoidence and high attachment anxiety.

Hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF) is an important transcript factor in sensing the concentration of O2 in cell and regulating the adaptation to hypoxia.HIF is consist of two subunits called ? and ? with ? as an oxygen-sensitive unit and ? as a constitutively expressed unit.The activity of HIF is regulated by both pVHL/proteasomal destruction system and non pVHL/proteasomal destruction system.Because the brain is the most oxygen-sensitive organ,use of HIF may be a potential application in treating cerebral ischemia disease.Yet HIF is reported to have both neuroprotective and proapoptotic functions in cerebral ischemia,which makes the application of HIF more complicated.This review will discuss the possible function and mechanism of HIF in cerebral ischemia,and the possible application of HIF to clinic.

TheStandardized Manipulations of Acupuncture and Moxibustion has been published and gradually standardized the clinical practice. It provided a solid foundation for the standardization of acupuncture and moxibustion therapeutic effects. It also provided powerful convictable effects on the accuracy and scientificity of acupuncture and moxibustion clinical practice, which gained well-acceptance from patients. In the treatment of certain diseases, acupuncture and moxibustion have become irreplaceable so that acupuncture and moxibustion can be strongly promoted both at home and abroad. There were some common problems occurred during the establishment of the national standardization onStandardized Manipulations of Oral and Lip Acupuncture. This article reviewed, analyzed and discussed questions occurred during the standardization establishment. The results showed that according to the principle of standardized production, a rigorous, scientific and reasonable text standard can be established. Advices or opinions gained during the process can be used as references for future standardization establishment. It was concluded that the standardization of acupuncture had great guidance in the acupuncture clinical application. It is an arduous and long-term mission to achieve and strengthen the position of international standardization of acupuncture and moxibustion. The government should increase the effort on investment and promotion of acupuncture and moxibustion standardization. Conversation and cooperation should also be strengthened with international communities to promote the standardization implementation.

Objective To explore the effect of transforamen lumbar interbody fusion in treatment of lumbar intervertebral disk herniation with unilateral pedicle screw fixation. Methods Retrospectivly studied the clinical data of 36 patients with lumbar intervertebral disk herniation who were treated through transforamen lumbar interbody fusion with unilateral pedicle screw from January 2011 to October 2012. There were 22 male and 14 female patients, aged form 44 to 68 years old with mean age of 56. The lesion positions included 8 patients in L3/4, 17 patients in L4/5, and 11 patients in L5/S1. The data of operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, and postoperative drainage volume were collected. Therapeutic effect were evaluated by visual analogue score (VAS), lumbar vertebral score of Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, and Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI). Results Operation time was 65-100 min with mean time of 85 min. Intraoperative bleeding volume was 100-250 ml with mean volume of 135 ml. Postoperative drainage volume was 100-200 ml with mean volume of 150 ml. Followed up for 12-36 months with mean time of 20 months. No loosening, breakage of screws or displacement of interbody fusion cages were found in the follow up period. The rate of anastomosis was 100%(36/36). The VAS was (7.9 ± 1.2) scores before operation and (1.1±0.3) scores at the end of follow up period, there was significant difference( P<0.05). The JOA score was (10.2±2.6) scores before operation and (23.2±4.3) scores at the end of follow up period, there was significant difference (P<0.05). The ODI was (43.3±6.2) scores before operation and (15.2±4.3) scores at the end of follow up period, there was significant difference ( P<0.05). Conclusion The effect of transforamen lumbar interbody fusion with unilateral pedicle screw fixation is proper for the patients who are suffering from lumbar intervertebral disk herniation, which has advantages of less invasion, less bleeding, better stability, better effect, quicker recovery and less complication.

Objective To provide Meta-analysis evidence of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) vs open partial nephrectomy (OPN) in assisting clinical decision making.Methods By searching CHKD,PUBMED,Wanfang and VIP database self-built library up to June 30,2012,both Chinese and English literatures of LPN and OPN efficacy in controlled study were included with strict exclusion criteria by two independent screenings of the literature.Data extraction and quality assessment were done by using the RevMan 5.1 META analysis software.Results A total of four English and six Chinese literature were included in this Meta-analysis.There were 1636 cases of partial nephrectomies.Of these patients,794 cases were treated with LPN,842 cases were treated with OPN.Meta analysis results showed that:in terms of operative time (SMD =0.10,95％ CI-O.40-0.59,P =0.70),surgical complication (OR =1.03,95％ CI0.73-1.44,P =0.88),positive surgical margin (OR =1.64,95 ％ CI0.83-3.23,P =0.16),warm ischemia time (SMD =1.07,95％ CI-0.02-2.16,P =0.05),postoperative tumor recurrence (OR =0.58,95％ CI 0.26-1.30,P =0.18),there was no significant difference.But in terms of intraoperative blood loss (SMD=-1.08,95％CI-1.57--0.59,P＜0.01),postoperative hospital stay (SMD=-0.81,95％CI-0.97--0.65,P ＜0.01),the differences were significant in favor of LPN.Conclusion Comparing with OPN,LPN has advantages in intraoperative blood loss and post-operative hospital stay,no obvious advantages in operative time,surgical complications,positive surgical margin,warm ischemia time and tumor recurrence.

Objective To study the relationship between mental effort and personal time perspective during the process of individual changing bad habits.Methods 230 graduate students were collected to attend this longitudinal study of 21 days by experience sampling method.The data on mental effort and performance were obtained from the process of daily change of the bad behavior.Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) was applied to graduate students.The survey results were analyzed by hierarchical linear modeling (HLM).Results In 21 days,the mental effort of subjects showed very clear downward trend,the trend of the change was statistical significant (total score(5.63±2.62),t=-5.590,P＜0.01).Mental effort didn't have significant difference in five kinds of behavioral objectives (keeping early hours,exercising daily,dieting,reading daily,limiting screen time) (P＞0.05).The male obviously put more effort than the female during the study(t=2.743,P＜0.01).Both Present Hedonism and Futurism were inversely related to mental effort,which was statistical significant (t=-2.504,P＜0.05;t=2.39,P＜0.05).Both Present Fatalism and Futurism had the effects on the changing trend of the mental effort regulatory,which was statistical significant (t=-3.099,P＜0.01;t=-2.400,P＜0.05).Conclusion The mental effort of changing the behavior will gradually decline during the process of habit establishment.The mental effort of subjects who had present fatalism or futurism show a faster decline.

Objective To explore the effect of self-control deficit on ego depletion in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the basis of ego-depletion theory.Methods Dual-Task Paradigms were used to manipulate self-control depletion.This study employed 2×2 between-study design.T2DM patients were chosen as the study group,and healthy volunteers were selected as normal control group,with 30 cases in each group.They were randomly assigned to depleted group (30 cases) or non-depleted group (30 cases).Depleted group completed classical Stroop task,whereas,non-depleted group completed conformant Stroop task.Finally,the ego-depletion effects were investigated by Simon Task.Results The number of reaction errors in the T2DM group was significantly greater than that in the normal group under the compatible condition ((8.73±6.09) vs (5.10±4.35),F(1,58)=7.125,P=0.010),and the incompatible condition((10.60±10.10)vs (3.97±3.97),F(1,58) =10.890,P=0.002).The reaction time in the T2DM group was longer than that in the normal group under the compatible condition ((673.33 ± 83.54) ms vs (663.18± 123.27) ms,F(1,58) =0.139,P=0.711) and the incompatible condition ((691.83± 107.75) ms vs (644.07± 106.69) ms,F(1,58) =2.964,P=0.091),however,the differences were not statistically significant.The number of reaction errors in the depleted group was more than that in the non-depleted group under the compatible condition (F(1,58) =0.821,P=0.369),and the incompatible condition (F(1,58) =0.231,P=0.632),but the difference was not statistically significant.The reaction time in the depleted group was longer than that in the non-depleted group under the compatible condition(F(1,58) =1.623,P=0.208),and the incompatible condition (F(1,58) =0.806,P =0.373),the differences were not statistically significant.The interactions between participants type and experimental conditions were not significant.Conclusion The patients with T2DM are in a state of chronic depletion and self-control will potentially aggravate ego depletion,which leads to decline in self-control ability and difficulties in self-management.

High altitude polycythemia (HAPC) had become one of the main common chronic diseases, which had seriously threatened the health of Plateau people. In the Tibetan medicine classic bookSi-Bu Yi-Dian, there were recordings on HAPC treatment methods and medications, which had the unique advantages of identified therapeutic effect with little side effect. This article analyzed Tibetan medicine in the prevention and treatment of HAPC from aspects such as etiology and pathogenesis, clinical treatment advantages and modern innovation study. Questions were also raised on lacking of standardization on HAPC clinical effectiveness, as well as Tibetan medicine compound material basis and action mechanisms were unclear. It was proposed that based on the inheritance of Tibetan medicine theoretical basis and clinical therapeutic effect, the Tibetan medicine original thinking should be combined with modern science and technology, in order to strengthen the analysis of ancient literature collection in HAPC treatment and data mining in medication experiences. The clinical treatment standards and medication plan should be standardized. Methods of systems biology, such as metabolomics, can be used in the further study of the scientific connotation of HAPC treatment by Tibetan medicine.

Objective To compare the clinical utility of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and des-gammacarboxyprothrombin (DCP) in diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with a hepatic mass.Methods From January 2015 to May 2015,141 patients were diagnosed to have a liver tumor after imaging examinations in the Hepatobiliary Surgical General Hospital of PLA,Beijing,China.Preoperative AFP and DCP were measured using commercial assay kits.The reference standard was either pathologic or clinical diagnosis of HCC.The performance of AFP and DCP in diagnosing HCC was determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.Results Of 141 patients,98 were diagnosed to have HCC and 43 without.The levels of AFP were significantly higher in patients with HCC than those without [80.0(3.9-1 375.0) μg/L vs.2.1 (1.6-3.2) μg/L,Z =6.98,P ＜ 0.01].Similar results were observed in the levels of DCP [141.5 (24.0-978.0) AU/L vs.19.0 (14.0-25.5) AU/L,Z =5.18,P ＜ 0.01].Receiver operating curves (ROC) indicated the cut-off value with the best sensitivity and specificity was 3.6 μg/L for AFP and 35 AU/L for DCP.The difference in the area under ROC between AFP and DCP was not statistically significant (0.87 vs.0.78,Z =1.72,P =0.085).The sensitivity and specificity for detection of HCC in patients with a hepatic mass were 56.1％ and 95.4％ for AFP ＞ or =20 μg/L,69.4％ and 83.7％ for DCP ＞ or =40 AU/L,respectively.The level of AFP was associated with DCP in patients with HCC (x2 =9.12,P ＜ 0.01,r =0.292) and parallel testing of AFP and DCP gave an optimal sensitivity of 79.6％ with a specificity of 81.4％ in diagnosing HCC.Conclusions DCP is a useful biomarker and it gave an equal performance as AFP in diagnosing HCC in patients with a liver mass in this study.Parallel testing of AFP and DCP effectively increased the diagnostic sensitivity.Although the biomarkers only marginally improved the diagnostic results,it could be useful in diagnosing HCC in individuals who had atypical imaging results.