Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy(PDT) combined with vitreous cavity injec‐tion of Lucentis treatment for choroidal neovascularization(CNV) diseases .Methods we retrospectively analyzed data of 30 cases (30 eyes) of CNV ,who was diagnosed by examination of visual acuity ,intmocular pressure ,ocular fundus ,fundus fluorescein angi‐ography (FFA) ,and optic coherence tomography(OCT) ,and who underwent PDT combined with intravitreal injection of Lucentis . Results At the 4 ~ 6 months follow‐up ,the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) improved in 22 eyes(73 .3% ) ,stabilized in 8 eyes (26 .7% ) and none decreased .Among the AMD ,14 cases(70 .0% ) required only a single combined treatment for CNV resolution ;3 cases of AMD needed retreatment 3 months later .In CNV group ,all of the cases required only a single combined treatment for CNV resolution .At the therapy and follow‐up period ,no ocular or systemic adverse reactions were noted .Conclusion The treatment of PDT combine intravitreal injection of Lucentis is safe and effective for CNV ,which could improve visual acuity and reduce retreat‐ment rates .

Objective To explore the status of adult attachment and its relationship with cognitions, emotions, behaviors, and personal relationship of undergraduate from rural areas with left-behind experience( URLB ).Methods This study investigated 4271 rural college students through questionnaires ( Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory Questionnaire, Simplified Coping Style, the Self-Esteem Scale, Center for Epidimiologic Studies Depression Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and College Student's Personal Relationship Synthetical Diagnostic Scale), and 1062 URLB were screened.Results 1.URLB have significant difference from those without in attachment avoidance, anxiety, depression, active coping style, self-esteem, and personal relationship ( t = 2.970,8.063,2.192,1.969,-6.605,-2.913,4.065 respectively, P ＜ 0.05 ).2.URLB with higher adult attachment avoidance showed obvious interpersonal difficulties( t =-3.415, P＜0.01 ); those with higher attachment anxiety showed dramatic rise in depression, state anxiety, trait anxiety and interpersonal difficulties ( t = 7.436, 7.961,10.131,2.633,6.764,10.598 respectively, all P ＜ 0.01 )Conclusion The psychological behavior features of URLB were affected by adult attachment.There are needed appropriate psychological interventions to URLB with high attachment avoidence and high attachment anxiety.

Hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF) is an important transcript factor in sensing the concentration of O2 in cell and regulating the adaptation to hypoxia.HIF is consist of two subunits called ? and ? with ? as an oxygen-sensitive unit and ? as a constitutively expressed unit.The activity of HIF is regulated by both pVHL/proteasomal destruction system and non pVHL/proteasomal destruction system.Because the brain is the most oxygen-sensitive organ,use of HIF may be a potential application in treating cerebral ischemia disease.Yet HIF is reported to have both neuroprotective and proapoptotic functions in cerebral ischemia,which makes the application of HIF more complicated.This review will discuss the possible function and mechanism of HIF in cerebral ischemia,and the possible application of HIF to clinic.

Objective To study the relationship between mental effort and personal time perspective during the process of individual changing bad habits.Methods 230 graduate students were collected to attend this longitudinal study of 21 days by experience sampling method.The data on mental effort and performance were obtained from the process of daily change of the bad behavior.Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) was applied to graduate students.The survey results were analyzed by hierarchical linear modeling (HLM).Results In 21 days,the mental effort of subjects showed very clear downward trend,the trend of the change was statistical significant (total score(5.63±2.62),t=-5.590,P＜0.01).Mental effort didn't have significant difference in five kinds of behavioral objectives (keeping early hours,exercising daily,dieting,reading daily,limiting screen time) (P＞0.05).The male obviously put more effort than the female during the study(t=2.743,P＜0.01).Both Present Hedonism and Futurism were inversely related to mental effort,which was statistical significant (t=-2.504,P＜0.05;t=2.39,P＜0.05).Both Present Fatalism and Futurism had the effects on the changing trend of the mental effort regulatory,which was statistical significant (t=-3.099,P＜0.01;t=-2.400,P＜0.05).Conclusion The mental effort of changing the behavior will gradually decline during the process of habit establishment.The mental effort of subjects who had present fatalism or futurism show a faster decline.

TheStandardized Manipulations of Acupuncture and Moxibustion has been published and gradually standardized the clinical practice. It provided a solid foundation for the standardization of acupuncture and moxibustion therapeutic effects. It also provided powerful convictable effects on the accuracy and scientificity of acupuncture and moxibustion clinical practice, which gained well-acceptance from patients. In the treatment of certain diseases, acupuncture and moxibustion have become irreplaceable so that acupuncture and moxibustion can be strongly promoted both at home and abroad. There were some common problems occurred during the establishment of the national standardization onStandardized Manipulations of Oral and Lip Acupuncture. This article reviewed, analyzed and discussed questions occurred during the standardization establishment. The results showed that according to the principle of standardized production, a rigorous, scientific and reasonable text standard can be established. Advices or opinions gained during the process can be used as references for future standardization establishment. It was concluded that the standardization of acupuncture had great guidance in the acupuncture clinical application. It is an arduous and long-term mission to achieve and strengthen the position of international standardization of acupuncture and moxibustion. The government should increase the effort on investment and promotion of acupuncture and moxibustion standardization. Conversation and cooperation should also be strengthened with international communities to promote the standardization implementation.

Objective To explore the effect of transforamen lumbar interbody fusion in treatment of lumbar intervertebral disk herniation with unilateral pedicle screw fixation. Methods Retrospectivly studied the clinical data of 36 patients with lumbar intervertebral disk herniation who were treated through transforamen lumbar interbody fusion with unilateral pedicle screw from January 2011 to October 2012. There were 22 male and 14 female patients, aged form 44 to 68 years old with mean age of 56. The lesion positions included 8 patients in L3/4, 17 patients in L4/5, and 11 patients in L5/S1. The data of operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, and postoperative drainage volume were collected. Therapeutic effect were evaluated by visual analogue score (VAS), lumbar vertebral score of Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, and Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI). Results Operation time was 65-100 min with mean time of 85 min. Intraoperative bleeding volume was 100-250 ml with mean volume of 135 ml. Postoperative drainage volume was 100-200 ml with mean volume of 150 ml. Followed up for 12-36 months with mean time of 20 months. No loosening, breakage of screws or displacement of interbody fusion cages were found in the follow up period. The rate of anastomosis was 100%(36/36). The VAS was (7.9 ± 1.2) scores before operation and (1.1±0.3) scores at the end of follow up period, there was significant difference( P<0.05). The JOA score was (10.2±2.6) scores before operation and (23.2±4.3) scores at the end of follow up period, there was significant difference (P<0.05). The ODI was (43.3±6.2) scores before operation and (15.2±4.3) scores at the end of follow up period, there was significant difference ( P<0.05). Conclusion The effect of transforamen lumbar interbody fusion with unilateral pedicle screw fixation is proper for the patients who are suffering from lumbar intervertebral disk herniation, which has advantages of less invasion, less bleeding, better stability, better effect, quicker recovery and less complication.

Objective To provide Meta-analysis evidence of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) vs open partial nephrectomy (OPN) in assisting clinical decision making.Methods By searching CHKD,PUBMED,Wanfang and VIP database self-built library up to June 30,2012,both Chinese and English literatures of LPN and OPN efficacy in controlled study were included with strict exclusion criteria by two independent screenings of the literature.Data extraction and quality assessment were done by using the RevMan 5.1 META analysis software.Results A total of four English and six Chinese literature were included in this Meta-analysis.There were 1636 cases of partial nephrectomies.Of these patients,794 cases were treated with LPN,842 cases were treated with OPN.Meta analysis results showed that:in terms of operative time (SMD =0.10,95％ CI-O.40-0.59,P =0.70),surgical complication (OR =1.03,95％ CI0.73-1.44,P =0.88),positive surgical margin (OR =1.64,95 ％ CI0.83-3.23,P =0.16),warm ischemia time (SMD =1.07,95％ CI-0.02-2.16,P =0.05),postoperative tumor recurrence (OR =0.58,95％ CI 0.26-1.30,P =0.18),there was no significant difference.But in terms of intraoperative blood loss (SMD=-1.08,95％CI-1.57--0.59,P＜0.01),postoperative hospital stay (SMD=-0.81,95％CI-0.97--0.65,P ＜0.01),the differences were significant in favor of LPN.Conclusion Comparing with OPN,LPN has advantages in intraoperative blood loss and post-operative hospital stay,no obvious advantages in operative time,surgical complications,positive surgical margin,warm ischemia time and tumor recurrence.

Objective To explore the effect of self-control deficit on ego depletion in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the basis of ego-depletion theory.Methods Dual-Task Paradigms were used to manipulate self-control depletion.This study employed 2×2 between-study design.T2DM patients were chosen as the study group,and healthy volunteers were selected as normal control group,with 30 cases in each group.They were randomly assigned to depleted group (30 cases) or non-depleted group (30 cases).Depleted group completed classical Stroop task,whereas,non-depleted group completed conformant Stroop task.Finally,the ego-depletion effects were investigated by Simon Task.Results The number of reaction errors in the T2DM group was significantly greater than that in the normal group under the compatible condition ((8.73±6.09) vs (5.10±4.35),F(1,58)=7.125,P=0.010),and the incompatible condition((10.60±10.10)vs (3.97±3.97),F(1,58) =10.890,P=0.002).The reaction time in the T2DM group was longer than that in the normal group under the compatible condition ((673.33 ± 83.54) ms vs (663.18± 123.27) ms,F(1,58) =0.139,P=0.711) and the incompatible condition ((691.83± 107.75) ms vs (644.07± 106.69) ms,F(1,58) =2.964,P=0.091),however,the differences were not statistically significant.The number of reaction errors in the depleted group was more than that in the non-depleted group under the compatible condition (F(1,58) =0.821,P=0.369),and the incompatible condition (F(1,58) =0.231,P=0.632),but the difference was not statistically significant.The reaction time in the depleted group was longer than that in the non-depleted group under the compatible condition(F(1,58) =1.623,P=0.208),and the incompatible condition (F(1,58) =0.806,P =0.373),the differences were not statistically significant.The interactions between participants type and experimental conditions were not significant.Conclusion The patients with T2DM are in a state of chronic depletion and self-control will potentially aggravate ego depletion,which leads to decline in self-control ability and difficulties in self-management.

To analyze the lesion distribution situations and relationship of lesions detected by gastroscopy and colonoscopy in asymptomatic population in Beijing. Data of 1 663 patients who received gastroscopy and colonoscopy in the physical examination center of Peking Union Medical College Hospital and Beijing Hospital between January 2016 and December 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Statistical analysis was conducted on the detection rate and relationship of different lesions based on the information of gender and ages. Gastroscopy data showed that chronic non-atrophic gastritis and chronic atrophic gastritis accounted for 1 240 (74.6%)and 423 (25.4%)cases respectively. Chronic atrophic gastritis was more common in population aged over 40. Other common diseases included erosions of gastric body and/or antrum, fundic gland polyps, reflux esophagitis, duodenitis, bile regurgitation and so on. Upper gastrointestinal tumors including esophagus cancer and gastric cancer were both early lesions. Colonoscopy results showed that colonic polyps were common lesions, among which there were 382 (23.0%)cases of colonic adenoma and 217 (13.0%)hyperplastic polyps. Incidence of colonic polyps increased with age. Colorectal cancer accounted for 0.7%. Colon diverticulum and melanosis coli were more common in population aged over 40. Colon adenoma was more common in male and melanosis coli was more common in female. The positive rate of HP was 32.2%. There was no positive relationship between HP infection and fundic gland polyps( P=0.329). There was no positive relationship between fundic gland polyps and colon adenomas as well as colorectal cancer( P=0.152, P=0.616). Gastroscopy and colonoscopy play important roles in different kinds of digestive diseases, especially in the early detection of tumors. More attention should be paid to the application of endoscopy in asymptomatic population.

Objective: To investigate the awareness of HIV non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) among residents in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, so as to provide basis for further publicity and application of nPEP in genenral population. Methods: Community residents at ages of 18 years and older in Yangzhou City were sampled using the multi-stage random sampling method from January to June, 2022, and a cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect their demographic information, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related knowledge, attitude and behaviors and awareness of nPEP. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors affecting awareness of nPEP. Results: Totally 1 488 questionnaires were allocated, and 1 447 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 97.24%. There were 644 males and 803 females, with mean age of (36.33±11.90) years. There were 585 residents (40.43%) employed by government agencies, enterprises and public institutions; 750 residents (51.83%) with awareness of AIDS; 413 (28.54%), 651 (44.99%) and 383 residents (26.47%) had low, medium and high levels of AIDS discrimination, respectively; 201 residents (13.89%) with HIV detection experience; and 792 residents (54.73%) with regular health checkup. The awareness rate of nPEP was 47.89%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified career (government agencies, enterprises and public institutions, OR=1.530, 95%CI: 1.170-1.999; students, OR=1.450, 95%CI: 1.027-2.047), awareness of AIDS (OR=3.201, 95%CI: 2.495-4.106), having HIV detection experience (OR=1.908, 95%CI: 1.339-2.719), regular health checkup (OR=2.308, 95%CI:1.807-2.949) and discrimination against AIDS (medium, OR=0.703, 95%CI: 0.532-0.928; high, OR=0.699, 95%CI: 0.502-0.974) as factors affecting awareness of nPEP. Conclusions The awareness of nPEP among residents in Yangzhou City needs to be improved. Employees in government agencies, enterprises and public institutions and students have higher awareness of nPEP.