Objective To evaluate the effect of ultrasonic speckle technique on cardiac function in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods 30 patients with AMI were selected as observation group,30 healthy people were selected as control group,and they were all detected by ultrasonic speckle technique.The differences of measurement indices of cardiac function with ultrasonic speckle technique were compared between the observation group and control group.The difference between ultrasonic speckle technique and its measured value was observed with single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) as the gold standard.The correlation between the results of three-dimensional speckle ultrasound and SPECT in patients with AMI was analyzed.Results The parameters of LVEDV [(62.2 ± 6.4) mL vs.(80.3 ± 7.5) mL],LVESV [(21.7 ± 5.6) mL vs.(35.4 ± 7.2) mL] and LVEF [(62.6 ± 5.9)％ vs.(72.8 ± 5.6)％] in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group,the IVSTd [(1.1 ± 0.2) cm vs.(0.9 ± 0.2) cm] and LVPWd [(1.2 ± 0.2) cm vs.(0.8 ± 0.1) cm] were significantly higher than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant(t =8.431,9.865,3.651,8.798,6.654,all P ＜ 0.05).In AMI patients,there were no significant differences in left ventricular parameters LVEDV,LVESV,LVEF measured between ultrasonic speckle technique and SPECT(all P ＞ 0.05).With SPECT as the gold standard,in AMI patients,the ultrasound parameters LVEDV,LVESV and LVEF were positively correlated with SPECT parameters(r =0.912,0.903,0.899,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound speckle technique can well evaluate myocardial function in patients with myocardial infarction.

Objective To investigate the correlation between glucose variability and coronary stenosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with coronary heart disease (CHD) patients.Methods Eighty patients with T2DM who had undergone coronary angiography were selected.According to the result of coronary angiography,the patients were divided into 2 groups:48 T2DM combined with CHD patients as CHD group,and 32 T2DM combined without CHD patients as control group.All patients underwent continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for 72 h,and the mean blood glucose (MBG),standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG),daily mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE),absolute means of daily differences (MODD),largest amplitude of blood glucose excursion (LAGE) and mean postprandial glucose excursion (MPPGE) were computed.The risk factor of coronary stenosis (using Gensini score) was analyzed.Results The LAGE,SDBG,MAGE,MPPGE,MODD in CHD group were significantly higher than those in control group:(11.4 ± 3.6) mmol/L vs.(8.2 ± 1.9) mmol/L,(3.4 ± 1.4) mmol/L vs.(1.9 ± 0.6) mmol/L,(7.1 ± 2.7) mmol/L vs.(4.8 ± 1.4) mmol/L,(6.6 ± 1.8) mmol/L vs.(4.6 ± 1.5) mmol/L,(3.3 ± 1.2) mmol/L vs.(2.5 ± 0.9) mmol/L,and there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistical difference in MBG between CHD group and control group:(10.2 ± 2.8) mmol/L vs.(9.3 ± 2.2) mmol/L,P ＞ 0.05.The Pearson correlation analysis result showed that the MPPGE,MODD and LAGE had positive correlation with Gensini score (r =0.509,0.357 and 0.338;P ＜ 0.05);and the LVEF had negative correlation with Gensini score (r =-0.372,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Glucose variability in patients with T2DM combined with CHD is markedly enhanced.MPPGE,MODD and IAGE are positively correlated with the severity of coronary stenosis.

Objective Recent studies show that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is a key regulatory signal in both bone for-mation and bone remodeling .The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of inhibiting the PI 3K/Akt signaling pathway on the prolif-eration and cell cycles of MC3T3-E1 cells. Methods We treated MC3T3 -E1 cells with PF-04691502 the inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway .Then we determined the proliferative activity of the cells by MTS assay , detected the cell cycles by flow cytometry , and measured the expression of cell cycle-related proteins by Western blot . Results After inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling path-way with PF-04691502 at 30, 150 and 750 nmol/L, the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells was reduced in a dose-dependent manner to 0.647 ±0.041, 0.423 ±0.011 and 0.159 ±0.004, respectively, as compared with 1 ±0.056 in the control group (P<0.01).Sim-ultaneously , the percentage of the cells in the sub-G1 phase was significantly higher in the 1 μmol/L group than in the control ([1.45 ±0.43]%vs [0.27 ±0.21]%, P<0.01) and the expression of cyclin D1 was decreased. Conclusion Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway can block MC 3T3-E1 cells in the sub-G1 phase and reduce the proliferation of the cells .

Abstract: Chronic infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in China. The occurrence of HCC through chronic inflammation follows the Darwinian evolutionary law, known as "mutation-selection-adaptation". Inflammatory mutagenic molecules promote the generation of somatic mutations, and the most mutant cells are eliminated by inflammatory microenvironment. However, a minority of mutant cells survive the selective pressure and develop to tumor initial cells by activating oncogenic signaling pathway and acquiring "stemness" characteristics. Alongside this process, HBV also evolves under the pressure of inflammatory microenvironment, which is characterized by the accumulation of cancer-promoting viral mutations, reducing the ability to infect new individuals. The high-risk mutant strains are eliminated with the death of hosts, leading to a phenomenon termed as "dead-end evolution". HBV evolution contributes to cancer evolution by maintaining the inflammatory microenvironment, activating oncogenic pathways, inducing somatic cell mutations, and altering metabolic patterns. The combo mutations of HBV and HBV integrations can be applied to predict the occurrence and prognosis of HCC. Anti-viral treatment reduces the risk of HCC by relieving inflammation. This article reviews the molecular epidemiological evidence and mechanistic advances related to the co-evolution of HBV and HCC. Clarifying the co-evolutionary pattern of virus and cancer and the key molecular events involved, is beneficial for identifying new biomarkers and therapeutic targets, thus improving the prevention and treatment strategies for HCC.

Objective To study the anatomy of the innervation of hallucis longus muscle,and discuss the clinical value of the innervation.Methods Nineteen limbs of 10 cadavers were studied.There were 4 female cadavers and 6 male cadavers.Nine were left legs and 10 were right legs.The specimens were anatomied to confirm the tibialis anterior,extensor digitorum longus and hallucis longus muscle.The innervation of hallucis longus muscle was been observed along the deep peroneal nerve.Measuring the muscular branches length (nerve length,NL),the distance from the tip of the fibular head to the muscular brance (nerve-fibula head length,NFL),and fibular length (fibula length,FL).The hematoxylin and eosin stain was used to observe the numbers of nerve fascicle for each branch of EHL.Results Twenty-three muscle branches of hallucis longus muscle were found in 19 limbs,15 limbs had a single branch,4 limbs had the double branches.All branches were originated in the deep peroneal nerve.Fourteen branches were into hallucis longus muscle from the fibular side,3 from anterior side,6 from the tibial side.The fibula length was 37.0±1.9 cm (range,34.5-40.6 cm); the nerve-fibula head length was 89.0±5.2 mm (range,75.4-97.2 mm);nerve length was 48.5±5.0 mm (range,33.6-57.4 mm); the nerve-fibula head length/fibula length was 0.245±0.020 (range,0.211-0.280).Among 15 specimens with single branch,3 branches had a unique nerve fascicle and 12 had two fascicles.Among 4 specimens with doulbe branches,only 1 branch had two fascicles,7 branches had a unique fascicle.Conclusion Special anatomical features of muscular branches might be the reason of isolated extensor hallucis longus dysfunction.

BACKGROUND:The effects of simple neural stem cell(NSC)transplantation on repair of damaged spinal cord are not ideal.Previous studies have shown that newa growth factor(NGF)has both effects of neuron nutrition and process growth promotion,can effectively contribute to the recovery of neurofunction following spinal cord injury(SCI).OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of neuraI sterR cell transplantation combined with NGF application on the recovery of motor function of ratswith SCI.METHODS:A total of 42 Sprague Dawley rats were used to establish SPI models.and then divided randomly into thtee groups:medium,simple NSCs or NSCs+NGF.At 1 week foliowing injury,medium,simple NSCs or NSCs+NGF were separately injected into damaged sites.At 1,2,4,6.8 weeks post-injury.all animals were evaluated on the hind limb behavior with Basso.Beattie and Bresnahan(BBB)locomotor rating scale and inclined plane test.At 4 weeks post-transplantation,histopathology hematoxylin-eosin staining and BrdU immunohistochemistry were performed.At 8 weeks post-transplantation.horseradish peroxidase(HRP)nerve trace and somatosensory evoked potential testing were performed to observe the recovery of nerve electrophysiology.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 4 weeks fo,owing injury.motor function of the rat hindlimb was significantly improved in the simple NSCs group and NSCs+NGF group.The recovery was rapid in the NSCs+NGF group than the simple NSCs group(P＜0.05).The recovery was slight in the medium group.Pathological sections demonstrated that neurite was not found in the medium group.A few neurites were seen in the simple NSCs group.and many neurites were observed in the NSCs+NGF group.Numbers of BrdU-positive cells and HRP-positive nerve fibers:NSCs+NGF group＞simple NSCs group＞medium group there was significant difference among groups(P＜0.01).Latent period and amplitude of somatosensory evoked potentials in the NSCs+NGF group were superior to the simple NSCs group(P＜0.05),and significantly better than the medium group(P＜0.01).Results suggested that NSC transplantation can promote the recovery of hindlimb function,and combined with NGF presents synergic effect.

Objective To explore the relationship among psychological capital,job burnout and job engagement of knowledge workers.Methods According to convenience sampling principle,727 information enterprise knowledge workers in Beijing were tested by Psychological Capital Scale,Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS),Utrecht Work Engagement Scale(UWES),and the impact of psychological capital on job burnout and job engagement with correlation analysis and multivariate stepwise regression analysis were explored.Results The level of each dimension of the knowledge workers psychological capital (self-efficacy (4.72 ± 0.72),hope (4.62 ± 0.77),hardness (4.68 ± 0.72),optimism (4.36 ± 0.55)) were above average.The psychological capital total score and all dimensions were negatively correlated with job burnout,and positively correlated with job engagement.Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that,after controlling three demographic statistics variables of gender,age,marital status,psychological capital could predict job burnout negatively,and predict job engagement positively; self-efficacy,hardness and optimism could significantly predict the three dimeusions of job burnout,hope could predict reduced personal accomplishment negatively;and self-efficacy could positively predict vigor,dedication and absorption,hardness could positively predict dedication and vigor.Conclusion Psychological capital can reduce the level of job burnout of knowledge workers,and improve their level of job engagement.

Objective To study the relationship between mental effort and personal time perspective during the process of individual changing bad habits.Methods 230 graduate students were collected to attend this longitudinal study of 21 days by experience sampling method.The data on mental effort and performance were obtained from the process of daily change of the bad behavior.Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) was applied to graduate students.The survey results were analyzed by hierarchical linear modeling (HLM).Results In 21 days,the mental effort of subjects showed very clear downward trend,the trend of the change was statistical significant (total score(5.63±2.62),t=-5.590,P＜0.01).Mental effort didn't have significant difference in five kinds of behavioral objectives (keeping early hours,exercising daily,dieting,reading daily,limiting screen time) (P＞0.05).The male obviously put more effort than the female during the study(t=2.743,P＜0.01).Both Present Hedonism and Futurism were inversely related to mental effort,which was statistical significant (t=-2.504,P＜0.05;t=2.39,P＜0.05).Both Present Fatalism and Futurism had the effects on the changing trend of the mental effort regulatory,which was statistical significant (t=-3.099,P＜0.01;t=-2.400,P＜0.05).Conclusion The mental effort of changing the behavior will gradually decline during the process of habit establishment.The mental effort of subjects who had present fatalism or futurism show a faster decline.

Objective To study the effect of parenting styles on the children' s self-control,and distinguish the influence between father and mother.Methods The present study selected 1 531 children (766 girls) between 3-10 years old.Data on parenting style were collected by parenting style questionnaire,while data on children' s self-control were measured by dual-system of self-control scale.Principal component analysis was conducted to examine common method bias.Results (1) No common method bias was found in this study.(2) Boys scored (31.66±5.95) on control system lower than girls (32.91±5.49),t=4.071,P＜ 0.01,but they had higher scores (43.19±8.32) on impulsive system than girls (41.96±8.32),t=2.226,P=0.027.(3)The associations of children's self-control scores with parents' spoiling,neglectful,authoritarian,inconsistent style were significant (r=-0.054～-0.174,P＜0.05),while it correlated positively with parents' democratic style (r=0.231,r=0.243,P＜0.05).The correlation between children's impulsive system scores and parents' spoiling,neglectful,authoritarian,inconsistent style were significantly positive (r=0.116-0.195,P＜0.05),while its associations with parents' democratic style were significant (r=-0.107,r=-0.108,P＜0.05).(4) As controlling children's age and sex,father democracy (β=0.120),inconsistency (β=-0.159),and mother democracy (β=0.188) were significantly correlated with children' s self-control (R 2adj =0.107,P＜0.05).Father despotism (β=0.070),inconsistency (β=0.136),mother's democracy (β=-0.063),despotism (β=0.099) and inconsistency (β=0.061) significantly predicted children's impulsive system (R 2adj =0.082,P＜0.05).Conclusion Each dimension of self-control and parenting style is high correlation.Father and mother's different rearing traits and the combination of different rearing traits contributed variously to children' s self-control system.

Objective To investigate the impacting factors on the professional identity of railway young workers and the relationship of the professional identity and subjective well-being.Methods The sample consisting of 5 762 young workers was selected from railway enterprises by stratified and random sampling according to the proportion.Occupational professional identity Scale and Index of Well-being,Index of General Affect Scale were used.The affect of the variable,such as sex,age,working years,educational background and income on professional identity were studied.Moreover,the relationship between professional identity and subjective well-being was reported.Results (1) Professional identity ascended witb the increase of ages,and there was significance between three groups(F=6.667,P＜0.05).(2)Professional identity ascended with the increase of length of service (F=5.147,P＜0.01),but it dropped at the point of 9-12 years.(3) The professional identity of workers with bachelor degree was higher than that with junior college education background.and there was significance between three groups (F=3.538,P＜0.05).(4)The workers who had more than 3 500 RMB monthly salary was regarded on the top in professional identity,while those whose monthly salary were under 2 500 RMB was in the lowest level (F=42.275,P＜0.01).(5)The result of linear regression indicated that the degree of professional identity can forecast the degree of subjective well-being(R =0.534,P＜0.01).Conclusion The professional identity of railway young works was affected by their ages,the length of service,the educational degree and salary,The professional identity can forecast subjective well-being.