The Nrf-2/ARE signaling pathway is not only affected by itself but also influenced by multiple tumor-related signals. To expand our understanding about the Nrf-2/ARE signaling pathway and lay a theoretical foundation for further research, we reviewed the effects of multiple tumor-related signals on the Nrf-2/ARE signaling pathway and studied the possible underlying mechanisms.

Objective To investigate effect of interferon gemma on immune factor and CD69, CD107a in patients with delayed type hypersensitivity by interferon gamma.Methods 76 cases with delayed type hypersensitivity were selected and divided into 2 groups.38 cases in control group were treated conventional therapy, 38 cases in experiment group were treated by interferon gamma.Peripheral blood CD69, CD107a, immune factor, T cell subsets and the treatment efficiency were compared after the treatment.Results Compared with the control group, the serum CD69 and CD107a levels were lower in the experimental group (P<0.05), serum IgG and IgA levels were higher, the serum IgE level was lower (P<0.05), and the CD3 +,CD4 +,CD4 +/CD8 +level was higher, serum CD8 + was lower (P<0.05) .The effective rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05) .Conclusion Interferon gamma has good clinical effect in the patients with delayed type hypersensitivity, and can effectively reduce the levels of CD69 and CD107a in the peripheral blood, and regulate the immune function of the body.

Abstract: Chronic infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in China. The occurrence of HCC through chronic inflammation follows the Darwinian evolutionary law, known as "mutation-selection-adaptation". Inflammatory mutagenic molecules promote the generation of somatic mutations, and the most mutant cells are eliminated by inflammatory microenvironment. However, a minority of mutant cells survive the selective pressure and develop to tumor initial cells by activating oncogenic signaling pathway and acquiring "stemness" characteristics. Alongside this process, HBV also evolves under the pressure of inflammatory microenvironment, which is characterized by the accumulation of cancer-promoting viral mutations, reducing the ability to infect new individuals. The high-risk mutant strains are eliminated with the death of hosts, leading to a phenomenon termed as "dead-end evolution". HBV evolution contributes to cancer evolution by maintaining the inflammatory microenvironment, activating oncogenic pathways, inducing somatic cell mutations, and altering metabolic patterns. The combo mutations of HBV and HBV integrations can be applied to predict the occurrence and prognosis of HCC. Anti-viral treatment reduces the risk of HCC by relieving inflammation. This article reviews the molecular epidemiological evidence and mechanistic advances related to the co-evolution of HBV and HCC. Clarifying the co-evolutionary pattern of virus and cancer and the key molecular events involved, is beneficial for identifying new biomarkers and therapeutic targets, thus improving the prevention and treatment strategies for HCC.

Objective In order to investigate the therapeutic effects of portal arterialization for portal hypertension,portal arterialization and complete shunt(PACS) was applied in canine model of portal hypertension,which was made by thread embolization within the portal vein.Methods A splenectomy,splenic artery and upper portal vein anastomosis,and a complete portal-caval shunt were performed on portal hypertension dogs.The blood pressure and flow of the portal vein including that towards the liver and towards the vena cava were observed.Results The postoperative hepatic inflow,PVF,increased to 180% of the former while PVP increased to 196%;the caval-inflow PVF increased to 130% of the former while PVP decreased to 45.5%.Significant difference existed(P

Objective To study the effect on liver hemodynamics of portal arterialization and complete shunt(PACS),splenorenal shut(SRS) and peripheral cardia divided vessel(PCDV).Methods The preparation of canine model was made.Group PCDV accepted a splenectomy and peripheral cardia divided vessel,while the group SRS accepted a spleen-renal vein shunt.Group PACS accepted a splenectomy,splenic artery and upper portal vein anastomosis,and complete portal-caval shunt.The blood pressure and flow of the portal system were observed.The hepatic function was also measured before and 2 weeks after the three kinds of operation.Results In the PCDV group,the postoperative PVF decreased in 17% while PVP decreased in 5%.In the SRS group,the postoperative PVF decreased in 51% while PVP decreased in 51%.In the PACS group,the postoperative hepatic inflow PVF increased to 180% of the former while PVP increased to 196%;the caval-inflow PVF increased to 130% of the former while PVP decreased to 46%.The results of PACS group had a magnificent statistic difference comparing with those two traditional operations(P

Objective To investigate the influence of hepatectomy combined with splenectomy on curative effect of primary hepatocellular carcinoma patients associated with hypersplenism.Methods Twenty three cases of primary hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hypersplenism were analyzed retrospectively and divided into hepatectomy combined with splenectomy group (n=10) and hepatectomy combined with ligation of splenic artery (n=13). Peripheral blood samples were collected 1 week before operation and 3 monthes after operation respectively. The levels of CD4, CD8, CD16, CD4/CD8, WBC and PLT in the blood were detected. Survival rate between the two groups was compared. Results There were not significant differences in the expressional levels of CD4, CD8, CD16, CD4/CD8,WBC and PLT before operation, bleeding quantity during the operation and rate of severe complications after operation in the two groups. The expressional levels of CD4, CD16, CD4/CD8, WBC and PLT of hepatectomy combined with splenectomy group were much higher in 3 months after operation than those in 1 week before operation and in hepatectomy combined with ligation of splenic artery group (P

Objective To investigate the laboratory examination,diagnosis and treatment of 57 cases of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia.Methods The clinical manifestation,laboratory morphology-immunology-cytogenetics-molecular (MICM) classification,treatment and follow-up were analyzed retrospectively among 57 newly diagnosed cases of acute pmmyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients from January 2011 to December 2013 in Xiangya Hospital,Central South University.Results In 57 patients,the first symptom was given priority to with bleeding (73.7％),fever (26.3％),and the organ infiltration accounted for 29.8％.The phenotype of CD13 + CD33 + CD34-HLD-RA-was 59.6％ in 57 patients,CD13 + CD33 +CD34 + HLD-RA + was 8.8％,and the remaining 18 cases were not classic phenotypes.The positive percentage of PML/RARa was 93.0％ by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH),and the remaining 4 cases were other rare abnormal.Except one case gave up the treatment,the other 56 cases of APL patients reached 100％ complete remission rate under early screening and diagnosis,relatively standardized and effective treatment.Conclusions Hemorrhage is the most common clinical symptoms of M3.MICM classification,especially the FISH technology,is the main laboratory basis for diagnosis of M3.After the treatment of early specifications currently,M3 can almost be cured.

Objective To explore the value of superior vena cava (SVC) Doppler spectrum in evaluation of the therapeutic effects of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (HBHO)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) in rats and establish a new method for assessing pulmonary hypertension.Methods Fifty male SD rats were included.Forty of them were developed HBHO-PH and randomly divided into four groups with different manipulations:beraprost treatment group,sildenafil treatment group,placebo group and model group,with 10 rats in each group.The rest of 10 rats served as controls.Cardiac structure,pulmonary peak velocity (PAVmax),tricuspid peak velocity (TVEmax) and SVC Doppler ultrasound were performed in all rats before and after treatment for 2 weeks.Pulmonary arterial pressure was determined by the right heart catheterization.The relationship of the parameters with the pulmonary arterial pressure was analyzed.HE staining was done in lung tissues.Results Right heart catheterization showed that pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) of the treatment groups were lower than that of the model group,the difference was significant(P ＜0.01).Pulmonary artery pressure decreased in varying degrees both after placed in a normal environment and after 2 weeks of treatment.PASP of the beraprost treatment group and the sildenafil treatment group decreased significantly and showed no statistical significant difference with the control group.In contrast,PASP of the placebo group was significant higher than that of control group(P ＜ 0.05).No statistically significant difference was found between the non-placebo treatment groups in PASP.Compared with the control group,the right ventricle/body weight ratio of the model group was statistically significant increased in all other groups(P ＜0.01).Right SVC AR/S ratio was well correlated with PASP (r =0.603,P =0.001).Right SVC AR/S ratio was statistically significant lower in treatment groups compared with the model group (P ＜0.01).All groups except the control group demonstrated various degrees of pulmonary arterial wall thickening.Conclusions The right SVC spectrum of AR/S correlates well with PASP and can be used to evaluate the pharmacological therapeutic effect of rats with HBHO-PH,in particular with moderate to severe PH.

Objective To establish a rat model of superior mesenteric vein thrombosis by vein ligation and to simulate the pathological process of the disease, and to provide the basis for studies of its pathogenesis and treatment.Methods Ninety-six SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: Group A (sham operation group), group B (strangulation group) and group C (simple group), 32 rats in each group.Rats in group A were only opened the abdominal cavity but not blocked the blood supply.The rats were sacrificed at 8, 24, 48 and 72 h after operation.The rats in groups B and C were subjected to establish the strangulation and simple models by superior mesenteric vein thrombosis, respectively, and were sacrificed at 8, 24, 48 and 72 h after modeling.Histological changes (H&E staining) in the rat intestinal tissues were evaluated by a pathological scoring system.The levels of intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP) and α-glutathione S-transferase (α-GST) were detected by ELISA.Results The rat model of mesenteric vein thrombosis was successfully established, with a success rate of 100% (96/96).The pathological analysis revealed that compared with the group A, different degrees of blood stasis and injuries were observed in the intestinal tissues of groups B and C, and the injury were gradually increased in the group B, while gradually reduced in the group C.The degrees of blood stasis and injury were positively correlated with the scope of ligation.The result of ELISA showed that the serum levels of IFABP and α-GST of the rats in groups B and C were significantly higher than those in group A (P < 0.05), and the degree of elevation was positively correlated with the scope of ligation.Conclusions In this study, the rat model of superior mesenteric vein thrombosis is successfully established by vein ligation.This model is simple and easy to operate with a high success rate, and can be used in related research.

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the application trend of cohort study in the field of liver cancer in past 27 years and to look forward to the future development trend. Methods: Chinese and English papers reporting the cohort studies of liver cancer conducted in the mainland of China since 1991 were included. The literature management software was used to analyze the publication time, institution, type and objective of the studies and the follow-up performance. Statistical analysis was carried out by using SPSS 21.0. Results: The number and quality of the papers reporting liver cancer-related cohort studies increased significantly in past 27 years and a core English journal group of this field has formed. The average annual growth rates of Chinese and English papers published were 20.4% and 35.2% respectively. About 52.3% of the Chinese papers and 73.5% of the English papers were published in past five years and the quality of these papers was high. The Chinese papers published on Chinese core journals accounted for 49.2%, and the English papers published on SCI periodicals (IF>3) accounted for 47.3%. For the study objective, those published on the domestic journals mainly focused on the pathogenesis of hepatoma (41.5%), studies with large sample size was the common form. The SCI studies mainly focused on the prognosis of liver cancer (40.7%). High-quality SCI papers are more interested in the studies of prognosis, and survival analysis was the common form. Conclusions The application of cohort study in the field of liver cancer gradually increased in China. Large-scale study and prognosis analysis were conducted commonly. However, it is necessary to further improve the researchers’ understanding of cohort study, improve the follow-up quality, and increase the application of scientific evaluation methods, such as survival analysis, for the better solving of clinical problems.