Newborns and children with Down syndrome ( DS) often prensent with transient abnormal myelopoiesis ( TAM) and have an increased risk of acute leukaemia. Most children are able to spontaneously resolve, but early mortality is high, and recurrence of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) occur in about 20% infants within 4 years. Sympotomatic babies with TAM may benefit from low-dose cytarabine. Children with DS are more likely to develop AMKL. DS-AMKL is sensitive to cytarabine and anthracyclines, thus having a superior outcome when compared with non-DS AMKL Age, sex, white blood cell count and risk group are similar between DS-ALL and non-DS-ALL, but DS-ALL has a unique spectrum of sentinel cytogenetic lesions that influences treatment outcome. Risk-adjusted intensive chemotherapy protocols demonstrate a good survival.

The improvement of diagnostic levels for fundus diseases depend on the advancements of fundus imaging technology.Different fundus imaging technologies allow doctors to inspect ocular fundus from different aspects such as morphological or functional changes of retina.As a basic fundus examination method,optical coherence tomography provides high-resolution and cross-sectional retinal images coupled with non-invasive advantages.Fully understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of each fundus imaging technique,appropriate choosing one or combining several imaging techniques,and optimizing diagnostic procedures for each fundus disease are crucial steps to improve our diagnostic.levels of ocular fundus diseases.

Objective To compare the clinical efficiency of tension-free repair(Lichtenstein) under local anesthesia and transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) for hernioplasty.Methods The clinical data of 120 patients with Lichtenstein for hernioplasty under local anesthesia (Lichtenstein group) and 98 patients with TAPP for hemioplasty (TAPP group) from January 2010 to July 2012 were analyzed.Results The operation time,blood loss and number of concurrent hernia found in the operation in Lichtenstein group was significantly lower than that in TAPP group [(40.1 ± 4.5) min vs.(45.7 ± 3.5) min,P ＜ 0.01 ; (6.7 ± 1.3) ml vs.(10.6 ± 2.3) ml,P ＜ 0.01 ; 10.2％ (10/98) vs.1.7％ (2/120),P =0.006].In Lichtenstein group,the frequency of analgesic drug used in 3 d after operation,time of return to regular activity were significant higher than those in TAPP group [(0.31 ± 0.03) times vs.(0.22 ± 0.09) times,(9.32 ± 1.38) d vs.(6.54 ±0.98) d],but the time to ambulation,hospital stay,and cost were lower[(5.34 ± 1.98) h vs.(10.24 ± 2.35)h,(2.98 ± 1.32) d vs.(6.43 ±0.93) d,(5032.15 ±372.18) yuan vs.(8325.76 ±438.23) yuan](P=0.010).The rate of complications had no significant difference between two groups (P =0.067).The rate of chronic pain in Lichtenstein group was significantly higher than that in TAPP group [10.0％(12/120) vs.0,P =0.001].The rate of real recurrent hernias in Lichtenstein group had no significant difference compared with TAPP group (P =0.199),but the rate of false recurrent hernias in Lichtenstein group was significantly higher than that in TAPP group [6.7％(8/120) vs.0,P =0.009].Conclusion Both of Lichtenstein under local anesthesia and TAPP for hemioplasty are safety and effective,and each has its advantages.

There are many research reports about surgical treatments for central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) up to date, such as radial optic neurotomy, vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane removal or not, t-PA retinal venous thrombelysis, oph-thalmic artery thrombolysis and so on. However, the most of the therapeutic methods are controversial, the action mechanism of some therapies are still not clear, and their complications should be taken attendtion seriously. So in the future it is necessary to conduct multiple centre prospective randomized controlled trials for evaluating the role of different surgical therapies for CRVO. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2009, 18: 217-220)

Advantages and disadvantages of morphologic and functional examinations for macular disease were reviewed. These examinations included optical coherence tomography(OCT), Heidelberg retina tomograph(HRT), and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG), etc. It is very important to improve ability of diagnosis and management of macular disease by choosing examination logically and integrating morphologic examination with functional examination on the basis of disease.

Mitomycin-C eyedrops were administered for the prevention of pterygium recurrence after surgical excision.37 primary and 16 recurrent pterygia were postoperatively instil- led 0.2mg/ml or 0.4mg/ml mitomycin-C eyedrops,and 24 primary and 4 recurrent pterygia were given placebo instead to serve as controls.During a follow-up of 3 to 8 months,one(1.89%)of the 53 eyes treated with mitomycin recurred 3 months after the operation while 3 eyes(10.7%)of the 28 controls recurred,the difference being very significant.The authors opinted that mitomy- cin-C eyedrops of low concentration was safe and effective for the prevention of postop- erative pterygium recurrence.

Objective To observe the factors that affect cryosurvival of frozen-thawed embryos .Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 98 patients undergoing FET with two embryos of which one was complete cryosurvival and the other not .1∶1 matched samples logistic regression analysis was employed to observe the influence of cytoplasm with granulation ,vacuolar cyto-plasm ,embryo fragments ,blastomere number and equality of size on the cryosurvival of frozen-thawed embryos .Results Presence of vacuolar cytoplasm(OR=13 .413) or embryo fragments(OR= 1 .101) significantly increased blasstomere damage ,but the in-creased blastomere number(OR=0 .569) decreased it(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Embryos with vacuolar cytoplasm ,or embryo frag-ments and blastomere number are very vital factors that affect the blastomere damage after cryopreservation .

Using the average technique of the electronic computer, we recorded the somatosensory evoked Potentials (SEPs) by electrical stimulation of median nerve (MN) and posterior tibial nerve (PTN) in twenty-three normal subjects and twenty-five diabetic patients. The peak latencies of SEPs components were prolonged, and the afferent conduction velocities of MN and PTN were reduced in most patients. In some patients, the central conduction time (N13-N20 and P40-N80 conduction time) was prolonged. Besides, there was a significant change in the shape of triphasal potentials recorded from Erb's point.and popliteal fossa. These results suggest: there not only was abnormality of conductive function of peripheralnerves, but also, the conductive function of central nervous system might be involved in diabetes mellitus.

The term vasculogenic mimicry describes the formation of fluid-conducting channels by highly invasive and genetically dysregulated tumor cells. The molecular mechanisms of vasculogenic mimicry may be associated with phenotypically interconversion, tumor-extracellular matrix interactions and abnormality in signal pathway of tumor cells. It is recently discovered that in hepatocellular carcinoma vasculogenic mimicry may be associated with the invasive and metastatic potential of tumor cells, as well as poor clinical outcome. This article reviews the present research progression of vasculogenic mimicry in hepatocellular carcinoma.

There was the theory that all the disorders of the ve zang-organs can cause cough originated from Inner Canon of Huangdi.Many famous experts in ancient times developed the theory,which is important in guiding the clinical practice.Professor LIAN always treats cough,especially chronic cough from regulating qi activity of five zang-organs.For example,Xiaoyao powder for cough due to liver disorder,Fumai decoction for cough due to heart disorder,and so on.The curative e ect is remarkable because the treatment is based on origin of disease.This article adopts and analyze some proved cases of ve zang-organs,which is helpful in inheriting and developing ancient theory.