Action Potentials ; drug effects ; Animals ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal ; cytology ; Drug Antagonism ; Male ; Neurons ; drug effects ; Pentylenetetrazole ; pharmacology ; Propofol ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Synaptic Transmission ; drug effects

Objective To research the influences of gambogic acid on rats'cytochrome P450 isoforms by using the Cocktail probe drugs. Methods Rats were randomly divided into several groups. One group of rats received gambogic acid solution containing 0.5 %CMC-Na (2 mg?mL-1,once per day) orally for six days. At the same time,the rats in the other group received 0.5 %CMC-Na solution serving as blank control group. Blood samples were collect at different time point,and the plasma concentration of cocktail probe drugs was determined by HPLC. Results There was insignificant difference of caffeine and dapsone metabolism between the gambogic acid group and the blank group,but the chlorzoxazone was eliminated faster in the gambogic acid group,and the half life of chlozoxazone was shorter. Conclusion Gambogic acid has no significant influence on the cytochrome P450 isoforms of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4,but has an induction on the CYP2E1.

Objective To evaluate a modified liver hanging maneuver(retrohepatic tunnel of the IVC) in patients undergoing hemihepatectomy.Methods Twenty-four patients undergoing hemihepatectomy were divided into two groups:modified liver hanging maneuver group(n=12)and Pringle's maneuver group(n=12).The amount of intraoperative bleeding,operation time,postoperative liver function,liver function recovery and complications were compared between the two groups.Reset All operation were performed successfully and there were no difference in the time of operation etween the two groups.There was a difierence in the amount of mean intraoperative blood loss between the two groups.It was(160±40)ml in liver hanging group and(560±120)ml in Pringle's group(P＜0.01).Liver function recovery measured on postoperative day 3 and day 7 was better in liver hanging groupthan that in Pringle's group(P＜0.01).The volume of postoperative peritoneal serous fluid dranage was significantly less in liver hanging group(P＜0.01).Conclusion The modified liver hanging maneuver is useful for hemihepatectomy.

Objective To study the protective effect of total flavones of hawthorn leaf (TFHL) on renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods A model of renal I/R was made by clamping double renal pedical for 60 min and reperfusion for 24 h.TFHL (30 or 60 mg/kg) was injected before clamping renal ischemia. The level of serum urea nitrogen(BUN), serum creatinine(Scr), tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?),interleukin-1(IL-1) in serum were detected after reperfusion for 1 and 24 h,respectively,and the level of malonaldehyde (MDA) and erythrocuprein (SOD) in renal tissues were measured after reperfusion for 24 h.Results TFHL significantly decreased the level of BUN and Scr, decreased the concentration of TNF-? and IL-1 in serum. Pretreatment with TFHL also enhanced the activity of SOD reduced the concentration of MDA in renal after I/R.Conclusions TFHL has significantly protective effect on renal I/R and markedly improve the renal function. The mec-hanisms are associated with decreasing the lipid peroxidation reaction and reducing the level of TNF-? and IL-1.

The whole length of exon 11 of BRCA1 was sequenced (total 3427 bp) in 59 patients and 10 healthy female blood donors. To allow a rapid determination of the different BRCA1 alleles, a sequence-specific primer PCR method (PCR-SSP) was established and was applied to 57 additional female donors. Finally, the full-length coding region of BRCA1 was analyzed through reversed-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and cDNA sequencing (total 5554 bp) in one donor with wild-type allele and 2 patients with one or two mutated alleles. By genomic DNA sequencing, 5 homozygous polymorphisms were observed in 18 patients: 2201C>T, 2430T>C, 2731C>T, 3232A>G and 3667A>G All of them were previously observed in Caucasians, Malay and Chinese, but for the first time the mutations were found in one allele (GenBank AY304547). Twenty-six patients and 4 donors were heterozygous at these 5 nucleotide positions. The remaining 15 patients and 6 donors showed a sequence identical with the standard BRCA1 gene. Combined the PCR-SSP results and in a summary, 6 of 67 (9.0 %) healthy individuals were homozygous for the mutated allele, whereas 18 of 59 (30.5 %) breast cancer patients were homozygous. A Chi-square test showed a significant correlation between homozygous mutated BRCA1 allele and breast cancer. The cDNA sequencing showed that 2 additional mutations, 4427T>C in exon 13 and 4956A>G in exon 16, were found. A new BRCA1 allele, which is BRCAI-2201T/2430C/2731T/3232G/3667G/4427C/4956G (GenBank AY751490), was found in Chinese. And the homozygote of this mutated allele may implicate a disease-association in Chinese.

Acetates ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Diving ; adverse effects ; Ear Canal ; injuries ; Nitrogen ; Oxygen ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Rabbits

UNLABELLEDOBJECTIVE To study the in vitro effect and mechanism of Ginkgo biloba Extract 50 (GBE50) for inhibiting beta-amyloid (Abeta)-induced oxidative stress in rats' hippocampal neurons.

METHODSThe primary hippocampal neurons were cultured in vitro and divided into 4 groups, i. e. the normal control group (Ctrl), the Abeta group, the propanediol control group (PDO), and the six GBE50 concentrations groups (5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 microg/mL). Excepted the Ctrl group, neurons were induced to oxidative stress by 20 gmolLAbeta25-35. The MTT and fluorescent probes labeling were used to observe the effect of GBE50 with different concentrations on the cell viability and the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neurons. Furthermore, Western blot was used to detect the cytoplasmic/total cytochrome C (Cyto C) ratio and total intracytoplasmal Cyto C, and the effect of the expression of oxidative stress-related protein Cyto C and activated Caspase-3 in three GBE50 concentrations groups (25, 50, and 100 microg/mL).

RESULTSCompared with the Ctrl group, the cell vitality was obviously lowered and intracellular ROS generation significantly increased after induction of 20 micromol/L Abeta25-35 (both P < 0.05). Compared with the Abeta group, the cell vitality was evidently improved after treated with different GBE50 doses. Except for 10 microg/mL, the cell vitality could be obviously elevated along with increased drug concentrations (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the intracellular ROS generation decreased significantly in each GBE50 dose groups (P < 0.05). Abeta could increase the cytoplasmic/total Cyto C ratio and enhance the activated Caspase-3 expression significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the Abeta group, among the three concentrations of GBE50, the Cyto C ratio was obviously lowered in the 100 microg/mL GBE50 group (P < 0.05), and the expression of activated Caspase-3 significantly decreased in 50 microg/mL and 100 microg/mL GBE50 groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS20 micromol/L Abeta25-35 could induce the generation of intracellular ROS in hippocampal neurons. GBE50 could inhibit Abeta induced intracellular oxidative stress of neurons through lowering the cytoplasmic/total Cyto C ratio and inhibiting the activation of apoptosis protein Caspase-3 expression.

Amyloid beta-Peptides ; toxicity ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytochromes c ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Peptide Fragments ; toxicity ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective Treatment and histopathological observation of demodex canis in beagle dogs .Methods Using the method of direct smear for microscopic examination of demodex canis.Histopathological observation on the skin of the parasitic parts after routine paraffin section and HE staining .Results (1) Clinical observation: The red spots and hair removal was appeared on limbs , eyes, lower abdomen and other parts of the skin of canine patients .The skin of the limbs becomes thicker and wrinkles .(2) Blood routine examination:Basically normal.(3) Microscope observation:The results showed that a large number of worms and eggs of small demodex canis could be found .(4) Histopathological observation:Hair follicles showed a large number of demodex mites and eggs.The sebaceous glands and sweat glands have normal morphology and no mites was found .A large number of eosinophils and neutrophil infiltration were seen around the hair follicles.It was also found that the formation of multifocal granuloma:the granuloma was oval shaped .(5) Treatment programme:The combination of medication and the strengthening of environmental control has been shown to be effective . Conclusions Granuloma caused by demodex canis can be divided into immune granuloma .It may not be possible to destroy the sebaceous glands after infection with small demodex canis.Whether the sebaceous gland is infected with the demodex canis may be associated with the worm species or course of disease .

Objective To compare the CLIP score, the JIS score, and the China staging system (CS) in the prediction of survival of patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The Clinicopathologic and follow-up data of 224 patients who underwent hepatic resection for HCC from January 2000 to July 2005 were retrospectively studied. The patient distribution and the survival curve of each staging system were used to compare the ability to stratify and to discriminate prognosis. The likelihood ratio, chi-square test and the linear trend chi-square test were used to compare the homogeneity and the monotonicity of the relationship between stage and mortality rate of each staging system. The increase in the -2 log likelihood statistic on removal of any one staging system was in turn used as a means of ranking the individual staging systems according to their importance within the regression model. The statistical package used was SPSS version 16. 0 and Stata SE version 8.0. Results Based on the China staging system, the percentages of patients categorized as Ⅰa, Ⅰ b, Ⅱa,Ⅱb and Ⅲ a were 14. 3%, 17.4%, 21.9%, 31.7% and 14. 7% respectively, showing excellent stratification ability. However, nearly 81. 6% of the patients were classified as a CLIP score of 0-2, which showed poor stratification ability, and only 3. 1 % of the patients were classified as score 0 category of the JIS scoring system. In the follow-up period, the log-rank test and the corresponding Kaplan-Meier survival curves confirmed each staging system to be able to differentiate patient survival in the different stages. Individual pairwise comparisons revealed inconsistencies across the different staging systems. In particular, using the log-rank test, the JIS scoring system and the China staging system showed significant differences in patient survival on all pairwise comparisons. By contrast, the CLIP scoring system failed to differentiate significantly between score 2 and score 3 patients. The JIS scoring system could identify the best prognostic group who would benefit from curative and aggressive treatments, whereas the discriminatory value of the CLIP score was noted in the intermediate- and advanced-phase HCC patients. The China staging system was shown to have the best homogeneity, overall discriminatory capacity and monotonicity of gradient. The change in the -2 log likelihood statistic on removal of any staging system revealed that for this cohort of patients, the appropriate importance in the ranking of the independent contribution of each factor to the regression model was: CS> CLIP>JIS. Conclusion Among three clinical staging systems, the China staging system had the highest prognostic value, with better stratification and higher discriminatory capacity than the CLIP scoring system and the JIS scoring system for this cohort of patients who received partial hepatectomy for HCC. The CLIP scoring system performed better in identifying the worst prognostic patients.

Aim To study inhibitory effect of 5-fluorouracil encapsulated by galactosylceramide liposomes (5-Fu-GCL)on 5-Fu-resistent HepG_2 cells and its mechanisms. Methods Inhibitory effect of 5-Fu-GCL on established model of 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells was assessed with MTT assay in vitro. The concentration-time course of 5-Fu-GCL in intracellular fluid was detected with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Thymidylic acid synthase (TS) expression was observed with immunohistochemical method,and NO content was determined with chemical method. Results Obvious inhibitory effects of 5-Fu-GCL (75,150,300,600,1200?mol?L-1) on 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells were observed with IC_ 50 of 158.6 ?mol?L-1,far lower than that of free 5-Fu (400.9 ?mol?L-1). 5-Fu-GCL (300 ?mol?L-1) inhibited 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells in a time-dependent manner,and the inhibitory effect of 5-Fu-GCL was stronger than that of free 5-Fu during 12～48 h. Compared with free 5-Fu,5-Fu-GCL (300 ?mol?L-1) increased the content of intracellular fluid in 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells. 5-Fu-GCL(62.5,300,1200 ?mol?L-1) not only inhibited the expression of TS,but also increased the production of NO in 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells,and these effects of 5-Fu-GCL(300,1200 ?mol?L-1) were stronger than those of free 5-Fu. Conclusion 5-Fu-GCL has inhibitory effect on 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells. The effect may be related to the increased concentration of 5-Fu-GCL in intracellular fluid,inhibited expression of TS and increased production of NO.