Protein Kinase C ; Radiation, Nonionizing

Animals ; Humans ; Signal Transduction ; Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase ; metabolism

Objective: To study the protective effect of two thiazolidiriediones (TZDs), rosiglitazone and pioglitazoneon, on the apoptosis of pancreatic islet beta-cells. Methods: Male Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats (a spontaneously diabetic animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus) and non-diabetic Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, Wistar group (W group, n=13), GK rats fed with rosiglitazone (R group, n=10), GK rats fed with pioglitazone (P group, n=10) and GK non-treated rats (G group, n=10). Rats in R group were given rosiglitazone (2 mg·kg-1·d-1) by gavage for 6 weeks; those in A group were given pioglitazone (3 mg·kg -1·d-1) by gavage for 6 weeks. The pancreatic specimens were obtained and treated for light microscope and transmission electron microscope. Bcl-2, Bax protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. The apoptosis of pancreatic islet beta-cell was examined by TUNEL. Results: The β-cells in G group showed signs of early apoptosis: nuclei shrinkage, disappearing nucleoli, and chromatin aggregation to nuclear membrane, and the changes were not observed in the other three groups. Bcl-2 expression was significantly higher in R group and P group than in G group (P<0.01), and there was no significant difference between the W group and G group. Bax expression was significantly lower in R group, P group, and W group than in G group (P<0.05), and there was no difference between the R group and P group. Conclusion: Increased β-cells apoptosis does exist in GK rat pancreatic islets, which may contribute to the development of diabetes. Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone can prevent β-cell from apoptosis, which might be related to the changes of Bcl-2 and Bax expression.

Both aspirin and angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE)inhi bi tors are often used concomitantly in patients with cardiovascular disease.The s afety of the combination has been questioned. The potential antagonistic interac tions between ACE inhibitors and aspirin has become the focus of both increasing research and intense debate,with conflicting conclusions havin g been reported in the literature.We reviewed systematically available literatu re on the interactions between ACE inhibitors and aspirin in hyper- tension,acute myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure and found that further trials are needed to shed light on the effects and mechanism of interaction between these drugs.

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between onset symptoms and onset age of 0 to 6-year-old children with mental retardation(MR).MethodsFrom Jan.2003 to Dec.2006,the clinical data of 1 101 children in Capital Institute of Pediatrics were retrospectively analyzed.Those children were 0-6 years old and were clinically diagnosed as MR according to Gessell Development Scale,Chinese Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale Intelligence and Social Adaptive Behavior Scale.Those data included physical signs,concomitant symptoms,classifications,and ages when MR symptoms were detected.The difference of the onset symptoms in different age groups was compared.SPSS 12.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results1.The ratio of male and female was 1.98 to 1.0.The youngest child was 1 month and the oldest one was 6 years old.The mean age was(3.05?1.65) years.Infants and toddlers accounted for 76.4% of the total cases.2.More than half of the MR children who were 0 to 6-year-old were either moderate or severe,more than one half.3.The onset symptoms of MR children with different age:dysmorphism(29.54%) and convulsion(28.64%) were the onset symptoms of children less than 6 months old;motor development delay(64.63%) was the onset symptom of MR children aging 6 months to 1 year old;motor development delay(45.96%) and language development delay(24.69%) were the onset symptoms of MR children aging 1 to 3 years old;and language development delay(43.46%) was onset symptom of MR children aging 3 to 6 years old,respectively.ConclusionsThe parents can easily find out moderate or severe MR children,but not easily find out early the communication disorder of MR children.Publicity and education about MR should be enhanced.When infants are found to have disability in expression by their eyes,they should see a doctor immediately.

Microarray technology, used in microorganisms detection with its advantages of rapid detection, high sensitivity, high-throughput and low cost, has been applied in environmental microbial community research widely in past few years. It focuses on investigation of structure, diversity, function, dynamics of microbial populations within complex environmental samples. Furthermore, it also reveals their responses and adaptation to environmental perturbations such as climate change, toxic contaminants. According probe design patterns, several types of microarrays, such as phylogenetic oligonucleotide arrays (POAs), functional gene arrays (FGAs), metagenomic array(MGA) and community genome arrays (CGAs) have been constructed for environmental studies. This review discusses applications of microarrays to environmental microbial populations research along with its potential for screening of specific microorganisms, gene or expression functional gene representing different environmental microbial populations.

Objective To analyze the risk factors and distribution of pathogenic bacteria of urinary tract infection (UTI) patients with spi-nal cord injury (SCI). Methods A total of 452 patients with SCI collected from December, 2015 to June, 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Results 104 cases (23.1%) were diagnosed as UTI. 119 strains were identified, including 96 strains of Gram-negative bacteria (80.7%) and 22 strains of Gram-positive bacteria (19.3%). Female, invasive operation, depressed lower limb muscle strength, neurogenic bladder and pre-vention of antibacterial agents use were considered to be the main risk infection factors. The invasive operation included indwelling urethral catheterization, intermittent catheterization and other transurethral operation. The incidence rate of UTI in patients with SCI who also accept-ed indwelling catheter was 100.0%. Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria is the dominated pathogenic bacteria in SCI patients with UTI. It should be noticed the characteristics of pathogen, which both may have the high drug resistance rate and high separation rate, to select exact-ly antimicrobial agents to control the spread and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria. In addition, patients with underlying diseases, inva-sive operation and lower strength should be monitored targeted.

Objective To investigate the roles of cell apoptosis and the gene expressions of Fas, FasL, bcl-2 and bax in acute rejection of pancreaticoduodenal transplantation and to evaluate the function of duodenum biopsy for early detection of rejection in rats. Methods Wistar and SD rats were divided into two groups: ①Wistar rats that underwent allogenic pancreaticoduodenal transplantation from the organs of SD rats; ②Wistar rats that received homogenic transplantation. The grafts were then harvested on day 3, 5 and 7 after the transplantation, and all graft samples were observed with HE staining and TUNEL was also used to detect apoptotic cells. The expressions of Fas, FasL, bcl-2 and bax were measured by immunochemical method. According to Nakhleh’s score, pathologic features of transplanted pancreas and duodenum were ranged from one to three scores in order. Results The percentage of same or different scores between the pathological scores of pancreas and duodenum in allogenic pancreaticoduodenal transplantation group were 61.1% (11/18) and 38.9% (7/18) respectively, and there were 6 specimens of pancreatic tissue got higher scores with only one higher score for duodenum. There were significant differences of histopathologic rejection scores and apoptotic indices between the two groups, respectively (P

Objective To know the drinking water quality in the rural areas in Shanxi province in order to enhance the management of drinking water and provide the scientific basis for water improvement in the rural areas. Methods 11 counties were selected based on the geographical condition in Shanxi province and 10 investigation sites were selected in each county based on the population proportion of different drinking-water types. 14 indicators were determined for every water sample. Results In the rural areas, most drinking water sources were ground water and the type of water supply was mainly non-central water supply. The indexes that exceeded the related standard limit were fluoride,arsenic and bacteria indicators. The hygienic state of central water supply was much better(?2=4.13, P

Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; adverse effects ; methods ; Female ; Hematoma ; etiology ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; therapy ; Peritoneal Diseases ; etiology ; Radial Artery