Objective: To study the influence of chitosan on proliferation of bladder epithelial cells, so as to discuss its feasibility in treatment of interstitial cystitis. Methods: Bladder epithelial cells were harvested by enzymatic digestion of the epithelium of New-Zealand rabbit bladder. The cells were cultured in different concentrations of chitosan(0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4 and 4.8 g/L) for 72 h; untreated cells served as control. The growth and proliferation of cells were observed under microscope. The effects of chitosan on proliferation of cells were studied by NAG assay and cell counting. Results: Immunohistochemistry staining revealed that the cultured cells were epithelial cells. Chitosan (>0.3 g/L) promoted the growth of epithelial cells, and the promoting effect was significantly when the concentration of chitosan was 1.2 g/L (P<0.01). The promoting effects were decreased when the concentrations of chitosan were 2.4 and 4.8 g/L, but were still higher than that of the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Chitosan can promote the growth of the bladder epithelial cell in vitro, which might contribute to the treatment of interstitial cystitis.

Objective To study chitosan's improving proliferation effect to the bladder epithelial cells,thus providing experlimental foundation for the treatment of interstitial cystitis.Methods Bladder epithelial cells were harested by the enzymatic digestion of the epithelium exposed by the eversion of reseeted New-Zealand hare's bladder.The cells were cultured in different concentrations(0.3、0.6、1.2、2.4、4.8 g/L)of chitosan group and control group,after 72 h,observing their growth and proliferation with optical microscopy;The effects of chitosan on proliferation of rabbit bladder epithelial cells were studied by NAG assay.EGFR mRNA was measured by PT-PCR.Results The growth of cells in the sample added chitosan is much better than that of in the control group.Chitosan could promote the proliferation of bladder epithelial cells at higher than 0.3 g/L of concentration in a dose dependent way.The optimum concentration to increase proliferation of eonjunctival epithelial cells was 1.2 g/L.The proliferative effect of EGFR mRNA increased with the elevated chitosan concentration after 72 h.Conclusions Chitosan can promote the growth of the bladder epithelial eell,which can provides a valuable evidence for further studies of interstitial cystitis's treatment.This proliferation effect is perhaps related to chitosan's promoting EGFR combinating specificity with EGFR.

Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Nucleotides ; therapeutic use ; Polyethylene Glycols

OBJECTIVETo search for a simple and effective surgical approach to the management of moderate to severe pediatric concealed penis in children.

METHODSWe used Devine's technique via incision between the penis and scrotum in the treatment of 68 cases of moderate to severe pediatric concealed penis. The patients were aged 3 -13 (mean 6.5) years, 30 with moderate and 38 with severe pediatric concealed penis.

RESULTSThis strategy achieved good near- and long-term effects and satisfactory appearance of the penis, which was similar to that of circumcision. At 3 months after surgery, the penile length was 3 - 5.2 cm, averaging (2.35 +/- 0.35) cm.

CONCLUSIONDevine's technique via incision between the penis and scrotum is a simple and effective surgical option for moderate to severe pediatric concealed penis in children.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Male ; Penis ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Scrotum ; surgery ; Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male ; methods

Abstract: - （ ） ， Work related musculoskeletal disorders WMSDs are common occupational diseases in construction workers which have a high prevalence rate and involve a large number of construction workers. WMSDs affect daily work and quality of life of ， patients leading to absenteeism and burden. The main body parts of construction workers suffering from WMSDs are lower back/ ， ， ， ， ， waist neck shoulder knee elbow and hand/wrist and most of the patients are complicated in multiple sites. The prevalence ， of WMSDs varies by site with the lower back/waist being the most common sites. The influencing factors of WMSDs in （ ， ， ， ， ， construction workers mainly include individual factors age years of work gender smoking status sleep habits physical ， ）， （ ， ， ， fitness and physical exercise etc. occupational factors work load job type working posture work organization and ， ） management working environment and social psychological factors. The incidence of WMSDs is the result of multiple factors. ， ， Therefore tertiary prevention is the key to the prevention and control of WMSDs especially the etiological prevention. Chinese ， construction industry is in the period of rapid development and the demand of construction workers is large. It is urgent to carry out epidemiological and intervention studies on WMSDs for construction workers to guide the formulation of relevant guidelines and measures for prevention and control of WMSDs.

Abstract: - （ ） ， Work related musculoskeletal disorders WMSDs are common occupational diseases in construction workers which have a high prevalence rate and involve a large number of construction workers. WMSDs affect daily work and quality of life of ， patients leading to absenteeism and burden. The main body parts of construction workers suffering from WMSDs are lower back/ ， ， ， ， ， waist neck shoulder knee elbow and hand/wrist and most of the patients are complicated in multiple sites. The prevalence ， of WMSDs varies by site with the lower back/waist being the most common sites. The influencing factors of WMSDs in （ ， ， ， ， ， construction workers mainly include individual factors age years of work gender smoking status sleep habits physical ， ）， （ ， ， ， fitness and physical exercise etc. occupational factors work load job type working posture work organization and ， ） management working environment and social psychological factors. The incidence of WMSDs is the result of multiple factors. ， ， Therefore tertiary prevention is the key to the prevention and control of WMSDs especially the etiological prevention. Chinese ， construction industry is in the period of rapid development and the demand of construction workers is large. It is urgent to carry out epidemiological and intervention studies on WMSDs for construction workers to guide the formulation of relevant guidelines and measures for prevention and control of WMSDs.

Abstract: - （ ） ， Work related musculoskeletal disorders WMSDs are common occupational diseases in construction workers which have a high prevalence rate and involve a large number of construction workers. WMSDs affect daily work and quality of life of ， patients leading to absenteeism and burden. The main body parts of construction workers suffering from WMSDs are lower back/ ， ， ， ， ， waist neck shoulder knee elbow and hand/wrist and most of the patients are complicated in multiple sites. The prevalence ， of WMSDs varies by site with the lower back/waist being the most common sites. The influencing factors of WMSDs in （ ， ， ， ， ， construction workers mainly include individual factors age years of work gender smoking status sleep habits physical ， ）， （ ， ， ， fitness and physical exercise etc. occupational factors work load job type working posture work organization and ， ） management working environment and social psychological factors. The incidence of WMSDs is the result of multiple factors. ， ， Therefore tertiary prevention is the key to the prevention and control of WMSDs especially the etiological prevention. Chinese ， construction industry is in the period of rapid development and the demand of construction workers is large. It is urgent to carry out epidemiological and intervention studies on WMSDs for construction workers to guide the formulation of relevant guidelines and measures for prevention and control of WMSDs.

Abstract: - （ ） ， Work related musculoskeletal disorders WMSDs are common occupational diseases in construction workers which have a high prevalence rate and involve a large number of construction workers. WMSDs affect daily work and quality of life of ， patients leading to absenteeism and burden. The main body parts of construction workers suffering from WMSDs are lower back/ ， ， ， ， ， waist neck shoulder knee elbow and hand/wrist and most of the patients are complicated in multiple sites. The prevalence ， of WMSDs varies by site with the lower back/waist being the most common sites. The influencing factors of WMSDs in （ ， ， ， ， ， construction workers mainly include individual factors age years of work gender smoking status sleep habits physical ， ）， （ ， ， ， fitness and physical exercise etc. occupational factors work load job type working posture work organization and ， ） management working environment and social psychological factors. The incidence of WMSDs is the result of multiple factors. ， ， Therefore tertiary prevention is the key to the prevention and control of WMSDs especially the etiological prevention. Chinese ， construction industry is in the period of rapid development and the demand of construction workers is large. It is urgent to carry out epidemiological and intervention studies on WMSDs for construction workers to guide the formulation of relevant guidelines and measures for prevention and control of WMSDs.

Objective To observe the effect of high iodine on mRNA expression of thyroid hormone receptor (TSHR),protein kinase A (PKA) and sodium iodide symporter (NIS) in peripheral blood of patients with thyroid diseases during lacatation.Methods A total of 99 breast-feeding women were selected as observation objects in Shanxi Province's sufficient iodine and high iodine areas,and they were divided into case group and control group according to whether suffer from thyroid disease.In high iodine areas,there were 21 patients and 19 healthy controls.In sufficient iodine areas,there were 30 patients and 29 healthy controls.Peripheral blood of all the observation objects was collected,and mRNA expression of TSHR,PKA and NIS was detected by real-time quantitative PCR.Results The case group [median (M):0.099,0.994] and the control group (M:0.240,0.738) in the high iodine areas were respectively compared with the case group (M:3.087,1.127) and the control group (M:1.823,0.842) in the sufficient iodine areas.The TSHR mRNA expression was significantly decreased (Z =-5.034,-4.010,all P ＜ 0.01);the PKA mRNA expression had a downward trend,and the difference was not statistically significant (Z =2.895,-0.343,all P＞ 0.05).The NIS mRNA expression of the case group in high iodine areas (M:0.485) was obviously lower than that of the the case group in sufficient iodine regions (M:2.680,Z=-3.311,P ＜ 0.01).The control group in high iodine areas (M:0.470) was compared with the control group in sufficient iodine areas (M:0.835),and the difference was not statistically significant (Z =-1.882,P ＞ 0.05).The NIS and the TSHR mRNA were positively correlated [correlation coefficient (r) =0.741,P ＜ 0.01];the NIS and the PKA mRNA was also positively correlated (r =0.293,P ＜ 0.01);but the TSHR mRNA was not significantly correlated with the PKA mRNA (r =-0.081,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Lactating women may have protected themselves and their babies through TSH-TSHR-cAMP-PKA signaling pathway that regulating iodine levels.

Shenfu injection is developed by improving dosage form of ancient prescription "Shenfu Tang" and is mainly derived from extracts of both traditional Chinese medicine red ginseng and prepared lateral root of monkshood with polysorbate 80 as auxiliary material. Shenfu injection may be administered through intramuscular injection, intravenous drip or intravenous injection. It produces good effects in restoring Yang and rescuing patients from collapse, tonifying Qi and preventing exhaustion. It is mainly used to treat not only syncope and prostration resulting from sudden Yang collapse (infectious, hemorrhagic and water depletion shock etc), but also pavor, palpitation, dyspnea with cough, stomachache, diarrhea and arthralgia etc caused by deficiency of Yang (deficiency of vital energy). Research group has audited the monitored hospitals and has carried out postmarketing study of Shenfu solution from many aspects including literature review, spontaneous reporting system (SRS) and hospital information system (HIS) data analysis etc. A summary is shown below.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Injections ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods