BACKGROUND: With the fast development of computer technology,biomechanical study of cervical vertebra is not limited in animal or human corpses,because computer model can provide a more accurate model.OBJECTIVE: To develop a three-dimensional,finite element model of a human C2-7 based on previous studies,and to provide experimental data for the biomechanical study of the cervical spine.METHODS: A normal young 28-year-old male,without obvious cervical spondylosis history,was selected,and C-spine X-rays at posteroanterior,oblique,and over extension and over flexion position were performed to deplete cervical spondylosis.The CT scanning images were dealed with Software Mimics and Geomagic to obtain the finite element,and software ANSYS was used to study the response of the model.Under a 1.8 N·m segmenal movement and force displacement response were observed and compared with abroad experimental results.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The new finite element model was composed of six vertebrae(C2-7),five discs(C2/3-6/7)and main ligaments.The model consisted of solid elements with 23 348 nodes and 215 749 units.The results of the biomechanical study were better correlated with the available experimental data.It indicates that the finite element model of cervical spine at C2-7 can be used to imitate the biomechanical experiment of cervical spine.

L3、4,and there was no significatant difference between two sides,and the biggest inner diameter of the main vessels averaged 5.3?0.6 mm.[Conclusion]To begin with,the blood supply is adequate in the intertransverse area,and the distribution of blood vessels follows some regularities,so to be familiar with the anatomy and to operate carefully can reduce bleeding.In addition,ILIF in segment L3、4 and L4、5 is feasible.

Objective To report a newly designed method of cervical subtotal corpectomy with the posterior vertebral wall retention. Methods 89 cases of cervical spondylotic myelopathy(CSM) or cervical injury were treated with subtotal corpectomy with the posterior vertebral wall retention from March 2001 to March 2004. 61 males and 28 females, aged from 25 to 76 years(mean, 47 years) were included, which involved 62 cases of multiple level in CSM with or without radiculopathy, 14 fractures of cervical vertebral body with or without cervical dislocation, 13 cervical instability with or without cervical disc disease. Subtotal corpectomy with 2 mm retention in posterior wall of the vertebral body were performed, in which 23 cases' level were C4,55 C5 and 11 C6. Extensive decompression through intervertebral body space was performed and bone fusion with autogenous iliac bone graft or titanium mesh supplemented with anterior locking plates were used, the bone graft or mesh were impacted into the decompression slot between the upper to lower endplate as well as the preserved lateral and posterior wall stably. Bone fusion were assessed with roentgenogram during the 3rd, 6th, 12th month follow-up and neurological function was recorded. Results The average operation time is 100 min, ranged from 55-130 min, the blood loss were 120 ml, ranged from 30 to 300 ml. Neither plate or screw migration, nor bone graft loosening or subsidence were found in 77 patients with over 6 months follow-up. Bone fusion happened in all patients, and Frankel score improved 1.0 level averagely after operation. 3 patients with hoarseness recovered 2 weeks later. Conclusion Subtotal corpectomy with posterior wall of vertebrae retention was a feasible anterior decompression procedure with advantage of safety, completely decompression and reliable bone fusion. This method included double level of CSM, and cervical fracture as well as two level of local ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament.

AIM: To investigate the effect of PEDF on retinal neovascularization in mice. METHODS: 40 7-day-old C57BL/6J mice was exposed to 750mL/L oxygen for 5 days and then to normal situation to produce the murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy(OIR). One eye of the mouse was regarded as experimental one and the other served as control. Eyes in experimental group received intravitreal injection of PEDF and eyes in control group received intravitreal injection of PBS at postnatal day 12. All mice were executed at postnatal day 17. The changes of retinal vessels of mice were observed by ADPase histochemical technique. The inhibitory effect of PEDF on retinal neovascularization was evaluated by counting the endotheliocyte nuclei of new vessels which extended from retina to vitreous in the tissue slice of HE staining. RESULTS: Neovascularization was reduced, retinal blood vessels distributed regularly and non-perfusion areas were not found in eyes of experimental group compared with control group. The number of endotheliocyte nuclei of new vessels extending from retina to vitreous was significantly less in the eyes of experimental group (10.18±1.74) than that in control group (38.89±2.98) (P<0.01). Retinal toxicity and inflammatory reactions were not found in tissue slice.CONCLUSION: PEDF inhibits retinal angiogenesis in OIR and the feasibility should be determined for use of PEDF in ocular angiogenesis treatment.

Objective To report the clinical outcome of L3～L5 fractures treated with USS short segmental pedicel screw system. Methods From 1994 to 2004, 57 cases of lower lumbar fractures were treated, of which 21 cases were treated with USS pedicel screw system. There were 12 cases of L3 fracture, 8 cases of L4 fracture and 1 cases of L5 fracture. The intervertebral height and lumbar lordosis were evaluated both before and after operation, the spinal impingement of bone was evaluated on CT scan, the neurofunction was evaluated with Frankle system and the clinical outcomes were evaluated with Charles system. Results The operation time ranged from 90 min to 150 min, averaging 120 min. The bleeding volume ranged from 100 ml to 600 ml, averaging 350 ml. The Frankle scores increased from 3.7 to 4.5 after operation. The intervertebral height of the fractured vertebral body increased from preoperative 30%to 60%to postoperative 70%to 100%(averaging 87%). The lumbar lordosis angel increased from preoperative 35.2?8.3o to postoperative 38.3?10.2o. The mobilization time was 3d to 2w, and the time for resuming work was 3 to 6w. The 3 to 30 months follow ups (averaging 15m) showed that the clinical outcomes were excellent in 9 cases, good in 9 cases, fair in 2 in and poor in 1. Conclusion The advantages of treating the lower lumbar fractures with short segmental USS pedicel screw system are effective restoration of intervertebral body height, lumbar lordosis and spinal volume, prevention of long term lumbago and lumbar stenosis, as well as early mobilization and return to work.

Objective To evaluate the clinical diagnosis,treatment and prognostic factors of kidney clear cell renal carcinoma(KIRC)in international sample database.Methods From 1998 to 2012,consecutive patients with KIRC who diagnosed and treated in TCGA organizations were enrolled.Clinical characteristics,objective response and survival time were evaluated,and correlation analysis with lncRNA urothelial cancer associated 1 (UCA1)gene was performed.Results 512 patients with KIRC were enrolled.35.4% of patients were female,59.6% of stage Ⅰ -Ⅱ, 90.0% of white and 45.1% of grade 1 -2.Comprehensive treatment was consistent with the clinical guidelines. Significant correlation was found between UCA1 expression and 4 mRNA subtype,30 genes mRNA expression, mir -101 -1 expression and PBRM1 mutation.And patients with UCA1 overexpression could achieve poor prognosis. Conclusion Diagnosis and treatment of the international TCGA -KIRC research meets clinical guidelines.UCA1 overexpression is an important poor prognostic factor.Combined with the clinical relevance of other important driver genes,UCA1 may be significantly valuable for further study.

Objective To compare the incidence of secondary surgical procedures after cervical disc arthroplasty vs anterior cervical discectomy with fusion in patients treated for symptomatic single level cervical spondylosis.Methods An online search of Pubmed, Medline, Ovid, Embase, Cochrane Library, CBM database, Wanfang data and VIP database were searched for prospective randomized controlled trial of cervical disc arthroplasty versus anterior cervical discectomy with fusion in incidence of secondary surgical procedures.Data were collected and extracted by two reviewers independently.Risk of bias was assessed using the criteria of Cochrane Reviews Handbook 5.1.0.Review Manager 5.2 software system was used to evaluate the data for Meta analysis.Results A total of 12 trials were included.Six of them were short-term follow up (two years).The 6 other trials were mid-and long-term follow up (mean 5.8 years).There are 4 trials with low risk of bias, 7 trials with moderate risk of bias, and 1 trial with high risk of bias.The results of meta-analysis showed there was no statistical difference in reoperation rate of adjacent level between the two groups at two years follow-up;however, the reoperation rate of non-fusion group was significantly lower in the non-fusion group compared with fusion group at mid-and long-term follow-up.The incidence of secondary surgical procedures at index level was higher in fusion group than in non-fusion group.No statistical difference was found between the two groups in using ‘ removal’ for secondary surgical procedure at two years follow-up;however, the rate of non-fusion group was significantly lower than fusion group at mid-and long-term follow-up.Conclusion Cervical disc arthroplasty was partly superior to anterior cervical discectomy with fusion in avoiding secondary surgical procedures of adjacent levels.However, non-fusion surgery doesn't have any advantages in short time (two years) follow up.Reducing the incidence of pseudarthrosis was an effective way to decrease the incidence of secondary surgery procedures in index level.

OBJECTIVE:To study the preparation of famotidine dispersible tablets and to observe the dissolution characteristics in vitro METHODS:To optimize the conditions for preparation by orthogonal design RESULTS:The tablets could completely disintegrate within 1 min;In vitro dissolution test showed T50=0 56min CONCLUSION:In comparison with commercial famotidine tablets,the dispersible tablets prepared in optimum condition were rapid in disintegration and homogenous in dispersal

Ovarian endometrioma is a common form of endometriosis, which may cause infertility, dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain in women of reproductive age. Although surgery is the treatment of choice for endometriomas, recurrence poses a formidable frustration. This study investigated potential risk factors of endometriomas recurrence, aiming to better understand its pathogenesis. A total of 307 patients with endometriomas were followed up for an average of 28.6 months and the 1-, 2- and 3-year cumulative recurrence rate was 9.5%, 21.9%, and 29.2%, respectively. Twenty-one potential risk factors for endometriomas recurrence were evaluated using Cox's proportional hazards models. Total revised American Fertility Society (rAFS) score was significantly associated with higher recurrence (OR=1.858, 95% CI=1.122-3.075, P=0.016), as well as younger age at surgery (OR=0.953, 95% CI=0.915-0.992, P=0.020). Semiradical surgical treatment was defined as surgical removal of cyst plus hysterectomy with preservation of bilateral or unilateral ovary, and was a significant factor that was associated with lower recurrence than the conservative surgery (OR=0.318, 95% CI=0.107-0.951, P=0.040). Postoperative pregnancy was favorable factors for disease recurrence (OR=0.217, 95% CI=0.102-0.460, P=0.000). The results suggest that endometrioma recurrence is inversely associated with age at surgery and postoperative pregnancy, and may correlate with total rAFS score and conservative surgery method.

BACKGROUND:Poly-D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) that was characterized as absorbable,weak cytotoxicity,and adjustable hardness was ideal to be synthetized artificial spinal dura mater.Because of lacking of functional group at the surface of PLGA,it should be modified to fit the demand of satisfied biocompatibility.OBJECTIVE:To study the biocompatibility of PLGA membrane modified by type-Ⅰ collagen and chitosan.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Contrast observation study,which was carded out in the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May to December 2007.MATERIALS:Porous PLGA membrane was provided by Jinan Banzheng Biology-Technology Co.,Ltd.,type-Ⅰ collagen by Sigma Company,USA,chitosan by Shanghai Qisheng Biological Agent Medical Apparatus and Instrument Company,and L929 L cell by Cellular Institute of Shanghai Academy of Life Science,Chinese Academy of Science.METHODS:PLGA membrane (P membrane),PLGA/type-Ⅰ collagen composite membrane (PG membrane),PLGA/type-Ⅰ collagen/chitosan (9:1) composite membrane (PGC 9:1 membrane) and PLGA/type-Ⅰ collagen/chitosan (5:5) composite membrane (PGC 5:5 membrane) were produced through a certain process.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Contact angle,absorption rate and cytotoxicity were tested.Morphological changes of L929 L cell cultured for 1,3,and 7 days were observed under fiberscope.RESULTS:Contact angle was shown as PG membrane＜PGC 9:1 membrane＜PGC 5:5 membrane＜P membrane (P＜0.01 );absorption rate was shown as P membrane＜PGC 5:5 membrane＜PGC 9:1 membrane＜PG membrane (P＜0.01).L929 L cell was characterized as well distribution,expansion and appearance after inoculation of PG membrane,PGC 9:1 membrane and PGC 5:5 membrane.Cytotoxic experiment (MTT methods) showed that,on the 1st day,there was no significant difference in absorbency among groups (P＞0.05).On the 3rd and 7th days,there were significant differences between P membrane and PG membrane or PGC 9:1 membrane,and between PGC 9:1 membrane and PCK2 5:5 membrane (P＜0.05).PGC 9:1 membrane could further improve cell adhesion and proliferation,and PGC 5:5 membrane could inhibit cell proliferation and differentiation.CONCLUSION:Type-Ⅰ collagen and chitosan appended to the exterior of PLGA can enhance the biocompatibility of membrane.In terms of biocompatibility,PLGA/type-Ⅰ collagen/chitosan (9:1) composite membrane can be fit to the qualification as a type of material of artificial spinal dura mater.