Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on sedation and inflammatory response in patients undergoing brachial plexus anesthesia, to provide a reference for the selection of sedative drugs in forearm traumatic patients undergoing brachial plexus block anesthesia .Methods 80 forearm traumatic patients underwent trauma surgery with brachial plexus nerve block from July 2015 to June 2016 were selected and randomly divided into two groups of dexmedetomidine group (dexmedetomidine group, D group) and normal saline group (control group, C group), each group of 40 cases.The mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded before operation (T0), incision (T1), 15 min (T2), 30 min (T3).Interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were measured at different time points. At the same time, the Ramsay sedation score and the degree of amnesia after operation were measured.Results There were no significant differences in MAP, HR and SpO2 before anesthesia between the two groups.In group D, MAP and HR were significantly lower than those in group C at T1, T2, T3 and T4, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).There was no statistical difference in SpO2 between the two groups.The Ramsay sedation score of group D at T1 to T4 was significantly higher than that of group C, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-αin group D were significantly lower than those in group C at T1 to T4, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine has good curative effect on forearm traumatic patients with brachial plexus block and less hemodynamics changes , which is beneficial to patients'forgotten of operation and inhibition of inflammatory reaction in forearm traumatic patients.

Objective To elucidate the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in chronic kidney diseases (CKD) patients and provide the evidence for treatment of these patients. Methods Clinical data of 358 inpatients with CKD from stage 1 to stage 5 were analyzed retrospectively. Level of 25 (OH)D3 in these inpatients, as well as the levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), hemoglobin (Hb), serum creatinine (Scr), urea nitrogen (BUN), carbon dioxide combining power (CO2CP), alhumin (Alb), serum calcium (Ca) and blood serum (P) were examined. Correlation between 25 (OH)D3 and parameters was analyzed. Results The mean level of 25 (OH)D3 in these CKD patients was (18.58±11.7) μg/L, which was significantly lower than that of normal reference (P<0.01). The 25(OH )D3 levels of CKD patients from stage 1 to stage 5 were (25.84±9.71) μg/L, (20.76±6.99) μg/L, (20.40±17.02) μg/L, (19.49±11.29) μg/L, and (14.16±7.98) μg/L respectively. The prevalence of vitamin D defieiency was 39.66%, and from CKD stage 1 to stage 5 was 5.00%, 17.50%, 37.21%, 42.37% and 57.14%. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was 44.97%, and from CKD stage 1 to stage 5 was 72,50%, 47.50%, 45.35%, 33.90% and 40.60%. The prevalence of decreased vitamin D level was 84.63%, and from CKD stage 1 to stage 5 was 77.50%, 65.00%, 82.56%, 76.27% and 97.74%. Single factor correlation analysis showed 25 (OH)D3 was correlated with Hb, Alb, Scr, eGRF and iPTH. Regression analysis indicated that 25 (OH)D3 was negatively correlated with iPTH and Scr, and positively correlated with Alb. According to K/DOQI, percentage of CKD patients from stage 3 to stage 5 who were consistent with vitamin D treatment was 87.20%, 83.05% and 26.31% based on 25 (OH)3 and iPTH levels, but such percentage was 16.28%, 35.59% and 26.31% based on iPTH level only. Conclusions The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in patients with CKD is quite high. Alia, iPTH and Scr are key factors influencing vitamin D level. Vitamin D level should be measured among CKD patients in order to carry out corresponding treatment.

The degradation of chlorinated organic compounds by zerovalent iron is an effective technique which is popular in recent years.In the present paper,the recent researches on the technique were reviewed including the reductive dechlorination of chlorinated organic compounds by using the zerovalent iron and the factors which affect the degradation,especially the influence of DO,Cl~- and Fe~(2+),and the perspective of application of the technique was presented.

Abstract?AIM: To obtain the prevalence and risk factors of symptomatic dry eye disease ( SDED ) among college students in China.?METHODS:Population-based cross-sectional study. Students in Medical School of Lanzhou University were approached. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the prevalence of SDED and its risk factors. The diagnosis of SDED was based on reported symptoms and was established if the participants reported “often” or “all the time” once or more for 6-item questionnaire. Positive tests included a tear-film breakup time ( TBUT)≤10s and a fluorescein staining score ( FSS ) ≥1. Demographic information and possible factors that may contribute to SDED were analyzed in a step-wise multivariate logistic regression modelto assess risk factors of SDED.? RESULTS: There were 1139 participants ( 84. 37%response rate ) have completed the questionnaire, 475 males and 664 females aged 16-26y. The prevalence of SDED was 18. 70% [95% confidence interval ( CI)= 16. 59-20. 81]. A TBUT of ≤10s and a FSS≥1 were noted in 47. 67%(95% CI=44. 95-50. 57) and 13. 97%(95% CI=11. 95-15. 99) for all participants, respectively. The multivariate regression analysis revealed the following risk factors:daily reading time of≥4h(OR=1. 58,95% CI=1. 15-2. 18), daily computer use of≥4h ( OR= 1. 52, 95% CI= 1. 02-2. 25), and constant eyeglasses wearing (OR=1. 54,95%CI=1. 08-2. 13). The female gender, refractive surgery and contact lens ( CLs) wearing were not risk factors for SDED in this analysis.? CONCLUSION: The prevalence for SDED is high in Chinese college students. The risk factors include daily reading time of≥4h, daily computer use of≥4h and constant eyeglasses wearing.

Objective To investigate effect of single anterior decompression and fusion for pinching cervical spondylosis myelopathy.Methods 82 patients with pinching cervical spondylosis myelopathy,treated with single anterior decompression and fusion,were analyzed,including 43 males and 39 females,with an average age of 54.4 years (range,33-79 years).Occupying rate,anterior occupying rate and posterior occupying rate were measured on pre- and post-operative midsagittal MRIs.Multiple regression analysis was performed between preoperative occupying rate,intervertebral space height,postoperative imaging changes and neural function recovery.Results All patients were followed up for an average of 25.8 months (range,9-72 months).Significant differences were found between pre- and postoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores,anterior occupying rate,posterior occupying rate,and intervertebral space height,respectively.Pre- and post-operative posterior occupying rate was averagely 29.0％±10.5％ and 19.9％+11.6％,respectively,and improvement rate of posterior occupying rate was 9.0％±6.1％.Regression analysis found that preoperative intervertebral space height did not relate to posterior occupying rate,while preoperative posterior occupying rate related to improvement rate of posterior occupying rate.JOA scores improved significantly after operation in patients with preoperative posterior occupying rate between 20％ and 40％.However,the decompression results were poor in patients with preoperative posterior occupying rate ≥40％.Conclusion Anterior decompression and fusion can achieve satisfactory results in patients with pinching cervical spondylotic myelopathy.For patients with preoperative posterior occupying rate between 20％ and 40％,the decompression results are better.

The clinical efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion for post-stroke constipation was systematically reviewed. By computerized and manual retrieval of clinical research literature regarding acupuncture and moxibustion for post-stroke constipation, the randomized control trials (RCTs) that met the inclusive criteria were collected. Cochrane systematic review method was used and Revmen 5.2 software was adopted to perform this Meta analysis. Totally 8 articles were included, involving 610 cases of post-stroke constipation. As a result, the total effective rate and cured rate of acupuncture and moxibustion for post-stroke constipation were significantly superior to those of the control group [total effective rate: OR = 2.10, 95% CI (1.25, 3.54), Z = 2.78, P = 0.005; cured rate: OR = 2.37, 95% CI (1.57, 3.58), Z = 4.10, P < 0.0001]. This result indicated that acupuncture was effective for post-stroke constipation and had some advantages compared with other therapies. But the quality of included RCTs was low, and high-quality, large-sample and multi-center RCTs were needed to perform further verification.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Constipation ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Stroke ; complications ; Treatment Outcome

Since a cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor can reduce infarct size and improve contractility in ischemic myocardium, the aim of the present study was to explore whether COX-2 inhibitor nimesulide could protect myocardial function against oxidative stress injury in rat hearts, and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. The isolated rat hearts perfused by Langendorff method were exposed to 140 mumol/L of H2O2, and the cardiac contractility was measured. Then, the responses of coronary arteries, precontracted with U-46619, to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator serotonin (5-HT) and the endothelium-independent vasodilator sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were evaluated. The results were as follows: (1) In hearts exposed to H2O2 for 20 min, the left ventricular developed pressure [LVDP, (54.8 +/- 4.0)%] and maximal rate of rise/fall of ventricular pressure [+/-dp/dt(max), (50.8 +/- 3.1)% and (46.2 +/- 2.9) %] were reduced compared with that in the control group (100%). After pretreatment with nimesulide (5 mumol/L) for 10 min before H2O2 perfusion, LVDP and +/-dp/dt(max) were enhanced to (79.9 +/- 2.8)%, (80.3 +/- 2.6)% and (81.4 +/- 2.6)%, respectively (P<0.01), and this was partially abolished by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME [(60.2 +/- 2.1)%, (63.9 +/- 2.4)% and (63.1 +/- 2.9)%, respectively, P<0.01]. (2) The vasodilatation induced by 5-HT and SNP in H2O2-treated group was significantly less than that in the control group. Pretreatment with nimesulide for 10 min antagonized the decrease of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in H2O2-treated group [(-22.2 +/- 4.2) % vs (-6.0 +/- 2.5) %, P<0.01], but had no effect on the decline of endothelium-independent vasodilatation [(-2.0 +/- 1.8)% vs (-7.0 +/- 3.5) %, P>0.05]. (3) Pretreatment with nimesulide for 10 min increased the NO production in H2O2-treated hearts [(2.63 +/- 0.40) vs (1.36 +/- 0.23) nmol/g protein, P<0.05], and this was inhibited by L-NAME. (4) Pretreatment with the selective COX-1 inhibitor piroxicam had no effect on LVDP and +/-dp/dt(max) in isolated hearts exposed to H2O2, but the left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was much higher than that in the group treated with H2O2 alone. Piroxicam did not influence the coronary resistance in H2O2-treated rat hearts. These data suggest that the COX-2 inhibitor nimesulide improves myocardial function in rat hearts suffering from oxidative stress, and this may be through an improvement in endothelium-dependent arterial relaxation and an enhancement of NO production in rat heart.
Animals ; Coronary Vessels ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors ; Heart ; drug effects ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; Myocardium ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serotonin ; Sulfonamides ; pharmacology ; Vasodilation ; Vasodilator Agents

ObjectiveTo investigate clinical features, correlative factors and prognosis of senile coronary heart disease accompanied with depression.MethodsFifty two senile patients of coronary hart disease with depression were selected for the observation group, sixty cases without depression as control group. Clinical features, family conditions, society factors and Holter report (supervision) of two groups were analyzed.ResultsClinical features such as severe dyssomnia, anxiety agitation, emotion depressing, loss of interest, feeling waste and sense of guilty in patients of observation group were significant different with those in control group. The rate of family harmoniousness and society supporting between patients of two groups were significantly different. The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias, atrial arrhythmia and myocardial ischemia changes on ST-T in the Holter reports of patients in observation group were higher than those in control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The incidence of cardiac sudden death of patients in observation group was also higher than patients in control group (P<0.05).ConclusionClinical symptoms such as severs dyssomnia, anxiety agitation, emotion depressing are easily occurred in senile coronary heart disease patients with depression. Patients with depression have higher incidence of cardiac sudden death, having better relationship and society support are advantageous to prevent and reduce the depression in senile coronary heart disease patients.

Huperzine A is a potent,reversible,and blood-brain barrier permeable acetylcholinesterase irhibitor.The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics,tolerability,and bioavailability of two formulations with the established reference formulation of huperzine A in a fasting,healthy Chinese male population.This was a randomized,single-dose,3-period,6-sequence crossover study.The plasma concentrations of huperzine A were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.Tolerability was assessed based on subject interview,vital sign monitoring,physical examination,and routine blood and urine tests.The mean (SD) pharmacokinetic parameters of the reference drug were Cmax,1.550 (0.528) ng/mL;t1/2,12.092 (1.898) h;AUC0-72h,17.550 (3.794) ng.h/mL.Those of the test formulation A and test formulation B were Cmax,1.412 (0.467),1.521 (0.608) ng/mL;t1/2,12.073 (2.068),12.271 (1.678) h;AUC0-72h,15.286 (3.434) ng.h/mL,15.673 (3.586) ng.h/mL.The 90％ confidence intervals for the AUC0-72h and Cmax were between 0.80 and 1.25.No adverse events were reported by the subjects or found with results of clinical laboratory test.The test and reference products met the regulatory criteria for bioequivalence in these fasting,healthy Chinese male volunteers.All three formulations appeared to be well tolerated.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of Huoxiang Zhengqi liquid (HXZQ) on enteric mucosal immune responses in mice with Bacillus dysenteriae and Salmonella typhimurium induced diarrhea (BSD).

METHODMice were randomly divided into four groups with 10 mice in each group: control group (control), BSD group, Huoxiang Zhengqi liquid treated BSD groups at high dosage and low dosage (HXZQ high, HXZQ low). HXZQ was administrated from the day of diarrhea induction at dosage of 5.21 g kg(-1) and 0.52 g kg (-1) respectively. Peyer's patch and periphery lymphocytes were prepared for flow cytometry, and level of TNF-alpha in periphery and enteric tissue homogenate were determined with ELISA. Student's t-test was used for statistics.

RESULTMice in BSD group started showing continuous diarrhea at the day of induction till the fourth day when the mice were sacrificed. Diarrhea in the mice of HXZQ high and low groups lasted for 36 and 54 h respectively. There were more CD4+ and CD8+ cells in periphery, less CD4+ cells in peyer's patch in BSD mice comparing to normal mice. In peyer's patch, there were more CD8+ cells in mice in HXZQ high and low groups and more CD4+ in mice in HXZQ high group. Higher level TNF-alpha in periphery and intestinal tissue homogenate in BSD group were observed. Mice in HXZQ high group showed the decreased level TNF-alpha in periphery and enteric tissue homogenate.

CONCLUSIONThe immune regulation on peyer's patch CD4+ and CD8+ cells and suppression on TNF-alpha level in enteric homogenate might partially explain the effect of HXZQ on improvement of BSD.

Animals ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Colon ; immunology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diarrhea ; immunology ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Dysentery, Bacillary ; immunology ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Immunity, Mucosal ; drug effects ; Intestinal Mucosa ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Peyer's Patches ; drug effects ; immunology ; pathology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Salmonella Infections ; immunology ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Salmonella typhimurium ; immunology ; Shigella dysenteriae ; immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; drug effects ; immunology ; pathology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood ; metabolism