Adult ; Carotid Artery, External ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Hypoglossal Nerve ; anatomy & histology ; Tongue ; anatomy & histology ; blood supply ; innervation

BACKGROUND:Sepsis has become the greatest threat to in-patients, with a mortality of over 25％.The dysfunction of gut barrier, especially the immunological barrier, plays an important role in the development of sepsis. This dysfunction occurs after surgery, but the magnitude of change does not differentiate patients with sepsis from those without sepsis. Increased intestinal permeability before surgery is of no value in predicating sepsis. The present study aimed to observe the changes of intestinal mucosal immunologic barrier in rat models of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture. METHODS:Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sepsis group (n=45) and a control group (n=15). The rats in the sepsis group were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), whereas the rats in the control group underwent a sham operation. The ileac mucosa and segments were harvested 3, 6 and 12 hours after CLP, and blood samples were collected. Pathological changes, protein levels of defensin-5 (RD-5) and trefoil factor-3 (TFF3) mRNA, and lymphocytes apoptosis in the intestinal mucosa were determined. In an additional experiment, the gut-origin bacterial DNA in blood was detected. RESULTS:The intestinal mucosa showed marked injury with loss of ileal villi, desquamation of epithelium, detachment of lamina propria, hemorrhage and ulceration in the sepsis group. The expression of TFF3 mRNA and level of RD-5 protein were decreased and the apoptosis of mucosal lymphocyte increased (P<0.05) in the sepsis group compared with the control group. Significant differences were observed in RD-5 and TFF3 mRNA 3 hours after CLP and they were progressively increased 6 and 12 hours after CLP in the sepsis group compared with the control group (P<0.05, RD-5 F=11.76, TFF3 F=16.86 and apoptosis F=122.52). In addition, the gut-origin bacterial DNA detected in plasma was positive in the sepsis group. CONCLUSION:The immunological function of the intestinal mucosa was impaired in septic rats and further deteriorated in the course of sepsis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the impact of sodium nitroprusside (a nitric oxide donor) in the ductus arteriosus in preterm rabbits on hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S)-cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) system.

METHODSFor 16 Japanese white rabbits pregnant for 21 days were randomly divided into four groups, each of the following groups had 4 rabbits: control group, intraperitoneal injection of sodium nitroprusside 1 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg, and 5.0 mg/kg groups. The rabbits in control group had a peritoneal puncture with a simple hollow needle, and those in the other groups were given corresponding dose of intraperitoneal injection of sodium nitroprusside at gestational age 23 and 25 days, respectively. At gestational age 26 days the fetuses of the pregnant rabbits were removed surgically, and 28 fetal rabbits were obtained from the control group, 27 from the sodium nitroprusside small dose group, 29 from the medium dose group, and 26 from the large dose group. The fetal heart blood sample of 1 ml was taken from each fetus, and immediately after sampling the arterial ductal tissues were dissected. Fetal rabbit plasma proteins hydrogen sulfide content was determined by using de-protein method, and real time quantitative RT-PCR was used for determination of arterial tissue CSE gene and western-blotting was used for measuring protein expression of CSE.

RESULTSIn control group hydrogen sulfide content of fetal rabbits plasma (55.68 ± 6.57) µmol/L and arterial tissue CSE mRNA expression was 1.07 ± 4.12; the parameters in intraperitoneal injection of sodium nitroprusside group 1 mg/kg were (60.02 ± 6.09) µmol/L and 3.46 ± 0.18; in intraperitoneal injection of sodium nitroprusside group 2.5 mg/kg, were (64.71 ± 7.12) µmol/L and 10.95 ± 0.22; and in intraperitoneal injection of sodium nitroprusside group 1 mg/kg were (70.63 ± 8.07) µmol/L and 19.56 ± 0.17. Comparison between small dose group and control group, medium dose group and small dose group, high dose group and medium dose group showed that the above data were significantly different P < 0.05, with the injection of sodium nitroprusside CSE protein expression increased gradually with increasing doses.

CONCLUSIONSodium nitroprusside showed an enhancing effect on preterm CSE-H(2)S system in rabbit ductus arteriosus in a certain range of concentration in a dose-dependent manner.

Animals ; Cystathionine gamma-Lyase ; blood ; Ductus Arteriosus ; metabolism ; Female ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; blood ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Nitroprusside ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Pregnancy ; Rabbits

Objective To evaluate the running status of the water-improving projects in Gansu Province in order to further improve the supervising mechanism and raise the efficiency of defluoridation in drinking water.Methods The water-improving projects,either being normal,or intermittent,or discarded and the cause of abnormal running in 33 counties in Gansu Province were surveyed with unified standard method.Fluoride content in water was determined by F-ion selective electrode.Results 993 water improving projects covering 3389 fluorosis villages were surveyed,682 projects worked well[68.68%(682/993)]and had supplied water with normal fluoride contents to 2174 villages[64.15%(2174/3389)]and benefited 116.56 hundred thousand populations.And the rest 311[31.32%(311/993)]projects worked abnormally or supplied unqualified fluoride water.The main causes were the exceeded lasting life,insufficiency of water resources,high fluoride content in water and unqualified administration.Conclusions Most of the water-improving projects in Gansu Province are basically running normally,but about 1/3 of the projects do not function well,so the management of the projects must be improved and consummated.

High-affinity α-glucosidase inhibitors were screened from Cichorium glundulosum Boiss.et Hout seed (CGS) extract by ultra-filtration affinity-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UF-LC-MS) and molecular docking.By taking 4-nitrobenzene-α-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG) as substrate and acarbose as positive control to evaluate the inhibitory activity of CGS extract, IC50 of acarbose and CGS extract were 0.003 mg/mL and 0.447 mg/mL, respectively.Meanwhile, 4 compounds from CGS extract by UF-LC-MS were screened and identified.Then by using autodock software, the compounds that combined with α-glucosidase were well screened out, including chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid A.The inhibitory activity of chlorogenic acid and chlorogenic acid A against α-glucosidase was verified in vitro.The results showed that the inhibitory activity of the compounds toward α-glucosidase presented the sequence of acarbose>isochlorogenic acid A>chlorogenic acid.The inhibition rate of isochlorogenic acid A was close to acarbose.The experimental results illustrated that UF-LC-MS and molecular docking could be used to screen high affinity enzyme inhibitors from CGS.

Objective To measure and define the distribution of left gastric lymph nodes.Meth- ods From Jan.2004 to Apr.2005,silver clips were set around the root of the left gastric artery in 124 pa- tients with esophageal and gastric cardia carcinoma,X-ray films at 0?and 90?simulator gantry in the radio- therapeutic position were taken.Then,the data of the superior,lower,left,right,anterior and posterior bor- der in each patient was recorded.With SAS 8.02 software,data of minimum area which covered the left gas- tric lymph node in different incidences were obtained.Results According to the analysis of Shapiro- Wilk,Kolmogorov-Smimov,Cramer-von Mises and Anderson-Darling tests,each border was of normal distri- bution,with equal frequency in the male and female,despite the actual results in different genders.Pearson Correlation Coefficients analysis did not suggest a significant relationship between the border and height, weight and size of vertebrae,which formed the minimum area covering the left gastric area at frequency of 100%,95%,90% and 85%,which were drawn out through the calculation.Conclusions Aiming at completely identifying the normal distribution of the left gastric lymph node,more patients are required to be in the pool.For the time being,location in the left gastric area can be obtained from details of the results in the present study.

Objective To investigate the endurance or resistance of different bacteriophages to bubbling stress in different sampling solutions,to select the optimum sampling solution from three different ones and to select relatively stress-resistant bacteriophages from five different ones.Methods AGI-10(all glass impinger)was used as the representative for all the impingers that would bubble during operation to fulfill the bubbling experiment.Three different sampling solutions used,such as distilled water(DW),phosphatic buffer solution(PBS),and suspension medium(SM),were divided into two groups by adding olive oil(50 μl) or otherwise(0 μl).The impingers were operated 30 min at a flow rate of 7.0 L/min.The titers of bacteriophages and the volume of final sampling solutions were determined before the corrected survival probability was used to evaluate the stress resistance of several different bacteriophages.Results It was found that the survival probability of the same bacteriophage bubbling with different sampling solutions was different except for bacteriophage F2.The use of SM as the collection fluid was related to a high survival probability which remained unchanged between 50 μl and 0 μl olive oil.The corrected survival probability was 79%,77%,86%,50% and 71% for phage SM701,SM702,PhiX174,EcP1 and F2 respectively after 60 minutes of impingement at a flow rate of 7.0 L/min.Conclusion The endurance or resistance of different kinds of bacteriophages in the same sampling solution is different.SM might be an optimum sampling solution for phages.Bacteriophage SM701,SM702 and PhiX174 are more resistant to bubbling stress than EcP1 and F2.

Previous studies proposed that the synergistic effect of fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) and insulin may be due to the improvement of insulin sensitivity by FGF-21. However, there is no experimental evidence to support this. This study was designed to elucidate the mechanism of synergistic effect of FGF-21 and insulin in the regulation of glucose metabolism. The synergistic effect of FGF-21 and insulin on regulating glucose metabolism was demonstrated by investigating the glucose absorption rate by insulin resistance HepG2 cell model and the blood glucose chances in type 2 diabetic db/db mice after treatments with different concentrations of FGF-21 or/and insulin; The synergistic metabolism was revealed through detecting GLUT1 and GLUT4 transcription levels in the liver by real-time PCR method. The experimental results showed that FGF-21 and insulin have a synergistic effect on the regulation of glucose metabolism. The results of real-time PCR showed that the effective dose of FGF-21 could up-regulate the transcription level of GLUT1 in a dose-dependent manner, but had no effect on the transcription level of GLUT4. Insulin (4 u) alone could up-regulate the transcription level of GLUT4, yet had no effect on that of GLUT1. Ineffective dose 0.1 mg kg(-1) FGF-21 alone could not change the transcription level of GLUT1 or GLUT4. However, when the ineffective dose 0.1 mg x kg(-1) FGF-21 was used in combination with insulin (4 u) significantly increased the transcription levels of both GLUT1 and GLUT4, the transcription level of GLUT1 was similar to that treated with 5 time concentration of FGF-21 alone; the transcription level of GLUT4 is higher than that treated with insulin (4 u) alone. In summary, in the presence of FGF-21, insulin increases the sensitivity of FGF-21 through enhancing GLUT1 transcription. Vice versa, FGF-21 increases the sensitivity of insulin by stimulating GLUT4 transcription in the presence of insulin. FGF-21 and insulin exert a synergistic effect on glucose metabolism through mutual sensitization.
Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; metabolism ; Drug Synergism ; Fibroblast Growth Factors ; pharmacology ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Glucose Transporter Type 1 ; metabolism ; Glucose Transporter Type 4 ; metabolism ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Insulin ; pharmacology ; Insulin Resistance ; Liver ; metabolism ; Mice

To discover novel antitumor fluoroquinolone lead compounds from a rational modification for antibacterial fluoroquinolones, a fused heterocyclic ketone corresponding to thiazolo[2,3- b][1,2,4]triazolone used as a bioisosteric replacement of the C-3 carboxylic acid group of ciprofloxacin 1, and further modification by a Claisen condensation reaction with substituted benzaldehydes formed novel fluoroquinolone C-3 fuse heterocyclic α, β-unsaturated ketones as the title compounds (6a-6r), separately. The structures of eighteen title compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR and MS, and the in vitro anti-proliferative activity against human hepatoma Hep-3B cells, pancreatic Capan-1 cells and leukemia HL60 cells was evaluated by a MTT assay. The preliminary results showed that the title compounds not only had more significant anti-proliferative activity against three tested cancer cell lines than that of the parent ciprofloxacin 1, but also exhibited the highest activity against Capan-1 cells. In particular, compounds carrying an electron-withdrawing carboxyl (6k, 6m) or sulfonamide substituent (6q, 6r) attached to benzene ring were comparable to or better than constractive drug doxorubicin against Capan-1 cells. As such, it suggests that it is favorable for a fused heterocyclic α, β-unsaturated ketone scaffold instead of the C-3 carboxylic acid group to improve the antitumor activity of fluoroquinolones.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Ciprofloxacin ; analogs & derivatives ; Fluoroquinolones ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Ketones ; pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effect of digital dorsal flap based on vascular network for skin defects at fingers.

METHODSFrom August 2005 to August 2010, 49 cases with 61 skin defects at fingers were treated with the digital dorsal flaps, including 19 at the index fingers, 19 at the middle fingers, 16 at the ring fingers and 3 at the little fingers. The defects were 42 at the distal end, 12 at the middle segment and 7 at the proximal segment. The flaps size ranged from 27 mm x 20 mm to 10 mm x 8 mm.

RESULTS61 flaps in 49 cases survived completely. 52 fingers were followed up for 6-22 months. The aesthetic and functional results were both satisfactory. The flaps sensation was graded as S3, with a discrimination distance of 6-9 mm (median, 7.6 mm). No complication happened in donor sites.

CONCLUSIONSThe digital dorsal flap based on vascular network has reliable blood supply with less morbidity to the main artery. It is safe and easily performed with good effect for skin defect at finger.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Finger Injuries ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skin ; injuries ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult