Vitamin C precusor-2-keto-L-gulonic acid can be prepared directly by mixed culture of Ghiconobacter oxy-dans SCB329 and Guconobacter subaxydans SCB110. To obtained its high yield, firstly, the proportion of the two micro- organisms, the ingredients of medium and the initial pH were optimized in shake flaskd, then L9 (34) orthogonal experiment confirmed that urea, C. S. L had high degree statistical meaning. Based on these data, an optimized fermentation media was obta ined: D-Sorbitol 9g, C. S.L1.5g, Urea1.5g, KH2PO40.1g, CaCO30.2g. By-product can be inhabited to the greatest extent and the yield increases by 20%.

To study the chemical constituents of the inflorescences of Coreopsis tinctoria from Xinjiang, isolation and purification of constituents were carried out by column chromatography on macroporous resin (D101) , MCI gel, MDS gel, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of the compounds were identified by physicchemical properties and spectral data analysis. Fourteen compounds were isolated and identified as coretinterpenoid A (1), coretinphenol (2), quercetin (3), quercetin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside (4), luteolin (5), taxifolin (6), 7, 3', 5'-trihydroxyflavanone (7), isookanin (8), isookanin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), 5, 7, 3', 5'-tetrahydroxyflavanone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), butein (11), okanin (12), sulfuretin (13), and linocinnamarin (14). Compound 1 was a new isabolane-type sesquiterpenoid and compounds 4, 10 and 13 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Coreopsis ; chemistry ; Sesquiterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Virtual reality technology and force feedback technology are novel human-machine interaction technologies. The virtual surgery simulation training system combined with these two technologies provides a new method for orthopedic surgery training, which can improve the training efficiency,thereby reducing the training costs and shortening the growth cycle of young orthopedic surgeons. In recent years, the virtual drilling bone surgery simulation technology have been researched broadly and obtained a preliminary application. In this paper, the existing research statusof virtual bone drilling operation depended on visuo-haptic techniques were studied, classified and summarized, the main content focused on three key techniques: bone modeling, drilling bone force prediction model and tactile simulation, and then analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of existing methods. Finally,some perspectives for related technology development trend of the virtual simulation bone drilling surgery in future was pointed out.

Objective To observe the effect of liver disease special-purpose enteral nutrition preparation on protein metabolism and liver function in children with liver injury.Methods Sixty cases of severe ill with liver injury in hospital,with mean age of (7.8?6.3) years old.All patients were randomly divided into experimental group (n=30) and control group(n=30).The experimental group was treated by adding the liver disease special-purpose enteral nutrition preparation homogenized diet and control group was treated by adding entire protein entire nutrition type enteral nutrition preparation.All patients in both 2 groups were nasally fed with intestinal nutrition,which contained 418-628 kJ/(kg?d).One day before nutritional support and 14 days after nutritional support,the liver function,total serum protein,albumin,hemoglobin were recorded.SPSS 11.5 software was used to analyze the data.Results The baseline indicators were similar before nutritional supports.Fourteen days after nutritional support,alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) were all significantly lower in experimental group than in control group(Pa

Objective To discuss the relationship between serum anti-Phosphalipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibodies and glomerular IgG4 subclass in patients with membranous nephropathy and evaluate the diagnostic value of the two markers.Methods Patients diagnosed as membranous nephropathy from October 2011 to April 2014 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were included and divided into IMN and SMN groups accoding to their clinical diagnosis.Serum anti-PLA2R antibodies and glomerular IgG subclasses were both detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay.Receiver operator characteristic curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of anti-PLA2R antibodies and glomerular IgG4.Results Prevalence of serum anti-PLA2R antibodies of IMN patients was 69.5％ (41/59); prevalence of MLN patients was 4.8％ (1/21).Within the IMN group,thirty-five patients showed positive results of both serum anti-PLA2R antibodies and glomerular IgG4; Six patients were positive for serum anti-PLA2R antibodies but negative for glomerular IgG4; Seventeen patients were positive for glomerular IgG4 but negative for serum anti-PLA2R antibodies; one patient was negative for both tests.The sensitivity of serum anti-PLA2R antibody was 69.5％ and the specificity was 95.2％; the sensitivity of glomerular IgG4 was 89.8％ and the specificity was 52.3％.The sensitivity of the combined marker consisting of serum anti-PLA2R antibody and glomerular IgG4 was 59.3％ and the specificity was 100％.Four out of the six patients secondary to HBV infection,one out of the three patients secondary to Sj(o)gren syndrome,one out of the three patients secondary to malignant tumor showed positive results of serum anti-PLA2R antibodies.Conclusions Serum antiPLA2R antibodies were of high prevalence among IMN patients; the prevalence among SMN patients varied with etiologies.Results of serum anti-PLA2R antibodies and glomerular IgG4 were helpful to rule out secondary etiologies in the diagnosis of membrnous nephropathy.

This article was to elucidate that the needling depth is closely related to the meridian qi, disease location, disease nature and needled area based on the records of needling depth in Nei Jing (Canon of Internal Medicine). Moreover, different depths will produce different therapeutic efficacies;meanwhile, improper depth may lead to grave consequences.

The essential medium of B115 composed of 1% tryptone, 0.25% yeast extract and 0.5% sodium chloride was determined by using an orthogonal design. The orthogonal design was also employed in testing the optimum additions. It was composed of 0.1%(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4),1.4%K_(2)HPO_(4), 0.6% KH_(2)PO_(4) and 0.1% (Na_(3)C_(6)H_(5)O_(7)). The yield of B115 cultured in optimum medium was compared with the one in essential medium. Statistic analysis showed that the growth of B115 was most significantly improved by adding K~(+)、NH~+_(4) and (Na_(3)C_(6)H_(5)O_(7)) to essential medium. The antibacterial effect of Bacillus subtilis strain B115 on pathogenic Aeromonas was studied. The results showed different antibacterial effects of B115 on different aeromonads. There were obvious antibacterial effects on BSK-10 and CL990920, while no effect on the growth of TL970424.

Fermentation condition optimization of P. decumbens Ju-A10 for production of CMCase using three kinds of plant cellulosic wastes as carbon sources was made using RSA method. The result was that CMCase was the highest when the level of carbon source was 9. 77 % , 8. 69 % and 9. 97% , and liquid volume was 64. 7 mL, 54. 2 mL, 40. 8 mL for carbon sources of millet straw, wheat straw and paper sludge, respectively. The value of CMCase was 29. 26IU/mL, 29. 14 IU/mL, 29. 81 IU/mL, respectively, in the above cases. The value of R2 is 0. 9117 , 0. 9246, 0. 8655 , respectively. It could be concluded that the fermentation models were quite reliable. The method can be applied in optimization of fungi fermentation medium.

· ATM:To analyze bacterial spectrum and drug sensitivity in conjunctival sac of cataract patients of Kazak.
· METHODS:A total of 538 cases of conjunctival sac secretion in cataract patients of Kazak were collected.The samples were cultured and their sensibilities to antibiotics were tested.
· RESULTS: The bacterial culture was positive in 214 cases.The positive rate was 39.8%. The variety of pathogenic bacteria were mainly made up of gram positive cocci ( 88.3%), and most of them were Staphylococcus epidermidis ( 66.4%), followed by Micrococcus(9.8%).Sex had no effect on conjunctival bacteria rate in the cataract patients of Kazak, while age, place of residence had an effect on camier rate. The camier rate of conjunctival bacteria was significantly higher in people over 60 years old than that in people with age between 40 to 59 years old.And the people from city had a significant lower bacteria positive rate than those from countryside and pastoral. Most of grams were sensitive to Vancomycin, Teicoplanin, Rifampicin, Duly cloth mildew mutual and Amikacin, the tolerance was less than 20%, and they usually had higher tolerance to Penicillin, Erythromycin, Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol (>70%) .
·CONCLUSlON:Gram positivecocci is the most common bacteria in conjunctival sac in cataract patients of Kazak. Staphylococcus epidermidis was most common, followed by Micrococcus.The germ-carrying rate of conjunctival SAC in Kazakh population is associated with the patient’s age and area of residence.The clinical use of antibacterial drugs should be strictly grasp the indications, to reduce the incidence of bacterial resistance.

OBJECTIVETo reverse the multidrug resistance (MDR) property of carcinoma cells by blocking transcription of activating sites of mdr-1.

METHODSBreast carcinoma cells were transinfected with several antisense oligonucleotide (ASODN) complementary to mdr-1 by lipofectin. RT-PCR was used to detect the production of mdr-1mRNA. The expression of P-glycoprotein (gp) was then detected by immunohistochemistry and the function of P-gp was detected by rhodamine123 retention.

RESULTSForty-eight hours after transfection, mdr-1 index of cells treated by ASODN complementary to MA zone (major initiation start zone), MI (minor initiation start zone), C zone (CAAT box), G zone (GC box) of mdr-1 gene was 1.4, 1.9, 1.6 and 2.1 respectively. The rate of P-gp protein expression in treated cells was 14%, 43%, 26% and 39% respectively. The intracellular Rh123 retention in treated cells was 125%, 83%, 102% and 77% respectively. There was significant difference between cells treated by ASODN complementary to MA zone and C zone and drug-resistant cells.

CONCLUSIONSThe ASODN complementary to MA zone and C zone of mdr-1 gene can reverse MDR of drug-resistant cells to various extent, amongst which the former is more effective. Down-regulating transcription of mdr-1 by blocking transcription activating sites can reduce the expression of mdr-1mRNA and P-gp, and thus reversing MDR of carcinoma cells. The ASODN complementary to MI zone, G zone of mdr-1 however do not significantly reverse the MDR property.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; genetics ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Down-Regulation ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transcription, Genetic ; genetics