Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ; genetics ; Animals ; Biological Transport, Active ; Bipolar Disorder ; genetics ; Glucose Transporter Type 4 ; metabolism ; Hepacivirus ; physiology ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Point Mutation ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; R-SNARE Proteins ; metabolism ; Tissue Distribution ; Transport Vesicles ; physiology ; Vesicular Transport Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Virus Replication

Objective To systematically evaluate the effects of glucagon?like peptide?1(GLP?1)analogues exenatide and liraglutide on body weight in patients with type 2 diabetics mellitus. Methods Such databases as PubMed,Embase,CNKI and CMFD(1987?2014)were searched for randomized controlled trials. The meta?analysis was performed on the extracted related data using the software STATA 11. Results Totally 31 RCTs (7 036 patients)were included. The meta?analysis on body weight in these patients showed the following findings:compared to controls,liraglutide (1.8 mg)effectively decreased body weight(WMD=-0.45,95%CI:-0.59,-0.31);compared to positive controls,liraglutide(1.2 mg and 1.8 mg) also effectively decreased body weight(WMD=-0.91. 95%CI:-1.07,-0.75;WMD=-0.78,95%CI:-1.02,-0.54). Compared to controls,exena?tide(5μg and 10μg)effectively decreased body weight(WMD=-0.36,95%CI:-0.64,-0.09;WMD=-0.99,95%CI:-1.27,-0.72);compared to positive controls,exenatide(10μg)also effectively decreased body weight(WMD=-1.14,95%CI:-1.46,-0.82). Conclusion As novel intes?tinal pancreatotropic hormone analogues,exenatide and liraglutide can effectively reduce body weight,providing new alternatives of hypoglycemic agents for patients with type 2 diabetics mellitus.

Objective To investigate the value for the level mensuration of von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) in stroke risk assessment in the patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF).Methods 180 non-valvular AF patients were selected from the Tianjin medical university general hospital from the 2009 to 2011 for retrospective cohort study,112 males and 68 females in the group,age 61-87 years.Using the IL ACL-9000 blood coagulation instrument assay the level of vWF:Ag.Using ROC curve to analyze the diagnosis performance of vWF:Ag,using Cox regression analysis model to evaluate the of vWF:Ag effect on prognosis,using x2 test to analyze the relevance between vWF:Ag and clinical pathological factors.Compared the patients group with CHADS2 score with the patients group with CHA2DS2VASc score date using t test.Results vWF:Ag levels were control group (112 ± 34)％,paroxysmal AF group (119 ±31)％,the persistent AF group (179 ± 47)％,permanent AF group (217 ± 56)％,atrial fibrillation associated with stroke group (235 ± 104)％ respectively.There was no difference between the paroxysmal AF group and control group (q =1.75,P ＞ 0.05) ; vWF:Ag level was higher in persistent atrial fibrillation group than in paroxysmal AF group (q =10.10,P ＜ 0.01); permanent atrial fibrillation group was higher than that of the persistent AF group (q =5.21,P ＜ 0.01).The optimum cut-off point with vWF:Ag for stroke diagnosis was 188.5％,the area under ROC curve =O.843 (95％ confidence interval:0.785-0.901).In Cox regression multianalysis,the vWF:Ag (HR =0.405; 95％ CI =0.268-0.716; P =0.026),the congestive heart failure(HR =2.901 ; 95％ CI =1.837-3.951 ; P =0.001),stroke/transienl ischemic attack (HR =4.665 ; 95 ％ CI =2.837-7.291 ; P =0.000),age (HR =0.474 ; 95 ％ CI =0.211-0.765; P =0.039),the Cox analysis showed that vWF:Ag was the independent prognosis factor for stroke in AF patients.Inx2 analysis,there was the relationship between the level of the vWF:Ag and the congestive heart failure/LVdysfunction (x2 =8.227,P ＜ 0.01),hypertension (x2 =3.305,P ＜ 0.05),age (x2 =7.581,P ＜ 0.01),diabetes mellitus (x2 =6.730,P ＜ 0.01),stroke/ transient ischemic attack/thromboembolism (x2 =4.825,P ＜ 0.05),vascular disease (x2 =4.126,P ＜ 0.05).Compared the subjects with CHADS2 (score =1) with the CHA2DS2VASc(score =1),the level of the vWF:Ag was higher in patients with CHADS2 score =1 (t =4.283,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion There was relationship between the level of vWF:Ag and main pathologic factors in patients with AF,and changed with the condition,high vWF:Ag level was an independent predictor of stroke risk,and had superior reference value for in assessment of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Objective To investigate the interference effects of orexin A on cell proliferation of the insulin?secreting beta?cell line(INS?1 cells) through the orexin receptor 1(OX1R)and the AKT/PKB signaling pathway. Methods INS?1 cells were exposed to different concentrations of orexin A in vitro,and treated with OX1R antagonist(SB334867),PI3K antagonist(wortmannin),or AKT antagonist(PF?04691502). The INS?1 cell proliferation and apoptosis,insulin secretion,OX1R protein activity and AKT phosphorylation level were determined. Results Orexin A(10-10 to 10-6 mol/L)stimulated the proliferation and activation of INS?1 cells,prevented apoptpsis,and increased insulin secretion. Additionally,AKT phosphorylation was stimulated by orexin A(10-10 to 10-6 mol/L). The OX1R antagonist SB334867(10-6 mol/L),the PI3K antagonist wortmannin (10-8 mol/L)and the AKT antagonist PF?04691502(10-6 mol/L)weakened the effects of orexin A. Conclusion Orexin A activated the AKT sig?naling pathway through the mediation of orexin A?OX1R,and promoted cell proliferation in INS?1 cells.

Objective In order to study the value of drug treatment for leukemia, quercetin was delivered to the cultured NB4 cell line. MethodsUsing RT- PCR and western blot, we studied the expression of mutant p53 gene and protein after inducing 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120h by the quercetin with different concentrations (30, 60, 90μmol/L). Results We verified the results that quercetin with concentration of 30 ～90μmol/L could successfully inhibit the expression of mutant p53 protein, but the mutant p53 gene did not have. ConclusionThat data suggested that quercetin would be an effective method for the therapy of leukemia.

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Objective To investigate the effect of early warning face pattern of weight combined with health education in weight management of maintenance hemodialysis patients.Methods Toally 223 maintenance hemodialysis patients hospitalized in the hospital from July to December 2014 (17,617 cases of hemodialysis) were set as the control group and 223 maintenance hemodialysis patients from January to June 2015 (17,281 cases of hemodialysis) were set as the experiment group.The control group was given routine health education and the experiment group was given health education and early warning face pattern of weight.The two groups were compared in terms of the ratio between interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) and interdialytic dry weight ratio (IWGR) as well as the hemodialysis-related complications.Results The IDWG/IWGR ratio in the experiment group was significantly better than that of the control group (P＜0.05).The incidence of hemodialysis-related complications were significantly lower than that of control group.Conclusion Early warning face pattern of weight used in health education can effectively control the patient's interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) and reduce the hemodialysis-related complications.

Objective To assess the effect of variable durations of warm ischemia on renal function early after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy ( LPN ) and make the definite safety duration of renal warm ischemia.Methods The clinical data of 76 patients treated with LPN from October 2012 to June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into 3 groups based on warm ischemic time,namely group A (28 cases) with warm ischemia time less than 20 min,group B (34 cases) with warm ischemia time more than 20 min and less than 30 min, group C ( 14 cases ) with warm ischemia time more than 30 min.LPN was performed with renal artery clamping alone in all the patients.Preoperative and postoperative renal scintigraphic scan was performed to access glomerular filtration rate ( GFR) in all patients.The GFR values were compared among before, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after operation.The factors predicting the early renal injury were assessed by multivariate regression analysis.Results The renal GFR of the kidney underwent LPN decreased 19.43(17.70,22.06) ml/min at 1 week,17.04(13.94,20.70) ml/min at 1 month,13.82(10.72,18.73) ml/min at 3 months after the surgery in group C,respectively.In group A, the renal GFR of the operated-side decreased 12.07(10.91,13.42) ml/min,10.04(9.16,11.75) ml/min, 8.44(7.07,9.72) ml/min,respectively.In group B, the renal GFR of the operated-side decreased 13.64 (12.48,16.72) ml/min,10.29(9.17,14.27)ml/min,9.63(7.85,12.59) ml/min,respectively.The GFR decreased greater in group C than that in group A and B(P<0.05).The total renal GFR decreased (10.70 ± 4.93)ml/min at three months in group C,compared with (5.64 ±4.12)ml/min in group A and (6.37 ± 4.32)ml/min in group B,respectively.The decreased value in group C was greater than that in group A and B(P<0.05).However,the differences of the total renal GFR among the 3 groups were not significant at 1 week and 1 month(P>0.05).The multivariate regression analysis revealed that warm ischemia duration was the independent risk factor of the early renal injury.Conclusions Warm ischemia duration is the major factor regarding the early renal recovery after LPN.Warm ischemia time more than 30 min may not only greatly affect the renal function but also the renal function recovery rate.

Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive,anaerobic spore-forming bacillus commonly found in the environment and human gut.Excessive use of antibiotics,immunosuppressive agents and chemotherapy drugs may lead to overgrowth of the toxic strain of Clostridium difficile with high resistance,which are supposed to be the major contributing factors leading to Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea(CDAD).The globally increasing incidence of CDAD,especially the outbreak of nosocomial infection caused by the hypervirulent strain in North America,arouse worldwide attention.For providing new ideas to the early diagnosis and treatment of CDAD,this review summarize the latest development on pathogenesis and rapid laboratory diagnosis of Clostridium difficile.

Background Increase in ophthalmic optical medical instruments and microsurgical applications leads to retinal photochemical damage and other problems delivery of a variety of devices,so the in-depth study and understanding of its pathogenesis after retina light damage can provide a reference for the clinical treatment of related diseases.Objective This study was to investigate the therapeutic effect and relative mechanism of erythropoietin (EPO) on mouse retina photic injury by studying the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2)and MMP-9.Methods Fifty-two SPF BALB/c mice were randomized into normal control group,simple light-induced group and EPO pretreatment group by balloting method.The mice of simple light-induced group and EPO pretreatment group were continuously irradiated with 6000 lx diffuse light for 4 hours in a home-made box to establish the models of light-induced damage;while recombinant human EPO (rhEPO)of 5000 U/kg was intraperitoneally injected prior to the light exposure in the EPO pretreatment group.The expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were examined at 6,12,36,72,96 hours and 7 days following light-exposure by immunohistochemistry.Results Edema and structural disorder of RPE cells appeared inthe simple light-induced group after light-exposure and aggravated with lapse of light-exposure time,but no similar change was seen until 7 days in the EPO pretreatment group.The immunohistochemistry findings showed that the expression of MMP-2(A value)in RPE cells was less in the normal mice.However,a large quantity of positive cells appeared in RPE layer 36 hours after light-exposure.Compared with the simple light-induced group,the positive expression of MMP-2 protein in EPO pretreatment group was significantly decreased,showing statistically significant differences among these three groups and different time points (Fgroup =3.68,P =0 04; Ftime =9.13,P=0.00).There was hardly any MMP-9 expression in the retina of the normal mice.In simple light-induced group,a few of positive cells appeared in RPE layer 6 hours after light-exposure and reached its peak 12 hours following light-exposure.The gradually down-regulation of MMP-9 expression happened 96 hours later following light-irradiation.The expression tendency of MMP-9 in EPO pretreatment group was similar to the simple light-induced group.Significant differences in expressions of MMP-9 were found among different groups and time points (Fgroup=3.61,P =0.04;Ftime =16.91,P=0.00).Conclusions MMP-2 and MMP-9 may be involved in the mechanism of retina photic injury by down-regulating the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in RPE cells.