Objective To study the feasibility of model building methods by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages between the two different methods to build off-pump coronary artery bypass graft animal model. Methods Twenty dogs were randomly divided into two groups:brachiocephalic artery group and descending aorta group. Small-caliber heterogeneous vascular vessels were used as bridge vessels. The incision was in the fourth intercostal space of the left chest. Vascular anastomosis was firstly done between the brachiocephalic artery and bridge vessels,or between descending aorta and bridge vessels,prior to coronary vascular and bridge vessels anastomosis. Results The dogs of two groups were not dead during operation. Brachiocephalic artery group and the descending aorta group:aortic vascular anastomosis times were (33.9 ±4.8) min and (29.6 ±3.5) min respectively (P<0.05),coronary vascular anastomosis time were (28.5 ±3.0) min and (28. 1 ± 2. 3) min respectively (P>0. 05). The surgical blood losses of the two groups were (77. 5 ± 16. 2) mL and (66. 5 ± 12. 3) mL re-spectively (P>0. 05). After side clamping descending aorta,femoral blood pressure significantly decreased in descending aorta group,and the two dogs had melena after operation. Conclusion Off-pump coronary artery bypass graft models were both constructed successfully by the two ways. Descending aorta group of femoral artery blood pressure violently fluctuated and had abdominal organs’ ischemia reperfusion in-jury. Though brachiocephalic artery group anastomosis group spent a little longer time,they had stable artery blood pressure during operation. As a result,the way of constructing animal model of brachiocephalic artery group is safer.

AIM: To explore the nursing cooperation highlights of eight osteopetrosis patients underwent optic nerve decompression via transsphenoidal microsurgical approach instead of routine pathway, and to improve the quality of nursing cooperation. ·METHODS: We enrolled 8 cases ( left eye in 3 cases, right eye in 5 cases ) of osteopetrosis patients referred from the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University during February 2012 to November 2016. Patients received ophthalmic examinations including visual acuity and diagnostic imaging tests in pre-operation and post -operation. All eyes were performed surgical optic nerve decompression through endoscopic approach in assist of image guidance system. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and surgical cooperation procedure of these cases and summarized nursing cooperation experience. ·RESULTS:The operations of 8 patients were completed successfully without massive hemorrhage. Mean visual acuity improved from pre-operation (2. 5±2. 1) to post-operation (3. 4±1. 9). Cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred in 1 patient and was instantly repaired during the operation. We performed the nursing strategy as postural drainage, condition monitoring and conscious assessment intra-and post-operation. ·CONCLUSION: It is the critical for this kind of surgery that both circulating nurse's high-skilled cooperation to the connection and operation of the navigation system, to treat with complication during the surgery, and scrub nurse's sufficient preparation of surgical instruments and consumables, proficient equipment delivery, meticulous management, use and maintenance of equipment.

Objective To evaluate the effect of the esophagus invert stripping without opening the thoracic cavity on carci- noma in the inferior pharynx, cervical esophagus or the cardia. Method Eighteen patients with carcinoma in the inferior pharynx, cervical esophagus or the cardia were treated surgically with invert stripping of the exophagus without opening the thoracic cavity. Ten patients received antidromic esophagus invert stripping and the other 8 underwent orthodromic esophagus invert stripping. The esophagus of these patients were replaced with either the stomach (in 15 cases) or the colon (in 3 cases), and complete removal of the pharynx and larynx were performed in 2 cases, both of which received permanent fistulization. Result No death occurred during the operation and the complications included anastomotic leakage (2 cases), injury of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (2 cases), pulmonary infection (3 cases), and incision infection (1 case). The follow-up survey showed that the 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 77%, 44% and 22%, respectively. Conclusions This surgical approach reduces the damage of the cardiopulmonary function, which can be meaningful for senior patients and those with cardiac or pulmonary problems. The carcinoma in the inferior pharynx or cervical part of the esophagus should be treated surgically to improve the survival rate, but this approach should be avoided in patients with carcinoma in thoracic part of the esophagus.

Objective To evaluate the effect of the esophagus invert stripping without opening the thoracic cavity on carci- noma in the inferior pharynx, cervical esophagus or the cardia. Method Eighteen patients with carcinoma in the inferior pharynx, cervical esophagus or the cardia were treated surgically with invert stripping of the exophagus without opening the thoracic cavity. Ten patients received antidromic esophagus invert stripping and the other 8 underwent orthodromic esophagus invert stripping. The esophagus of these patients were replaced with either the stomach (in 15 cases) or the colon (in 3 cases), and complete removal of the pharynx and larynx were performed in 2 cases, both of which received permanent fistulization. Result No death occurred during the operation and the complications included anastomotic leakage (2 cases), injury of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (2 cases), pulmonary infection (3 cases), and incision infection (1 case). The follow-up survey showed that the 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 77%, 44% and 22%, respectively. Conclusions This surgical approach reduces the damage of the cardiopulmonary function, which can be meaningful for senior patients and those with cardiac or pulmonary problems. The carcinoma in the inferior pharynx or cervical part of the esophagus should be treated surgically to improve the survival rate, but this approach should be avoided in patients with carcinoma in thoracic part of the esophagus.

OBJECTIVETo design a device for direct vision intracardiac operation without cardiopulmonary bypass, and assess its applicability preliminarily.

METHODSThe device was designed according to the clinical needs of intracardiac operation and used in operations for repairing atrial septal defect in 5 ex vivo porcine heart models. The practical applicability of this device was thoroughly tested and the results of the operations were evaluated.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONDirect vision operation for repairing atrial septal defect was successfully performed using this device, which can be a well applicable in some intracardiac operations, but its clinical effects need further evaluation.

Animals ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; instrumentation ; methods ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; surgery ; In Vitro Techniques ; Swine

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of form-deprivation on level of gelatinase in the posterior sclera in chicks. METHODS: Fifty 1-day-old chicks were monocularly deprived to establish the animal model of form-deprivation myopia (FDM). According to the duration of form-deprivation the experimental chicks were divided randomly and equivalently into 5 groups, which were deprived for 3, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days respectively. Meanwhile the other eyes of the deprived chicks were used as self-control groups and chicks of the same days were chosen randomly as the normal control groups for each FDM group. At each form-deprivation point the changes of degree of diopters and axial length of chicks in each group were recorded. The levels of gelatinase in posterior sclera of the experimental eyes were measured by gelatin enzymography. RESULTS: Compared with the normal and self-control groups, the levels of MMP-2 activity in FDM groups were much higher (P <0.01). With the increase of the time of monocular deprivation these changes became more significant and reached the top after 14 days' deprivation with an inter-group statistical difference (P <0.01). The dynamic changes of MMP-2 activity were the same as those of axial length and degree of diopters in each experimental groups. There was positive correlation between the MMP-2 activity and axial length (r = 0.989, P < 0.01). But there was a negative correlation between the MMP-2 activity and refractive degree. CONCLUSION Increase of MMP-2 activity in the posterior sclera of chicks would be a direct key factor to trigger sclera ECM remodeling process in chick FDM.
Animals ; Chickens ; Gelatinases ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Myopia ; enzymology ; etiology ; Sclera ; enzymology

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to evaluate the contributions of levator ani muscle (LAM) injury, vesical neck movement, urethral length and mobility, and urethral sphincter dysfunction observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) towards stress urinary incontinence (SUI) after vaginal delivery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty primiparous women after 6 months of delivery (15 with SUI and 35 without) and 35 nulliparous as continent controls underwent MRI at rest and Valsalva maneuver. A published levator ani scoring system was used to characterize morphological changes of LAM. The severity of the injury was divided into three categories as none, minor, and major. A series of common parameters including levator plate angle, iliococcygeal angle, and levator hiatus were used to describe the functional conditions of LAM. Urethral mobility was defined based on the rotation of the urethra between Valsalva and rest status. Vesical neck movement was evaluated by its distance to the pubococcygeal line. Urethral sphincter dysfunction was defined as the widening of the proximal urethra and/or funneling at the urethrovesical junction during Valsalva. RESULTS: Primiparous incontinent (PI) women had additional major levator ani defects (33.3% vs. 17.1%) while less minor defects (0.7% vs. 31.4%) than primiparous continent (PC) women. Vesical neck downward movement in PI women was more obvious than PC women (28.5 mm vs. 24.2 mm, p = 0.006). Urethral mobility was more active in primiparous women than in nulliparous continent controls (57.4 vs. 52.4), whereas no difference was observed on urethral mobility in the primiparous group (p = 0.25). Urethral sphincter dysfunction and funneling were present in 80% of PI women versus 22.9% in PC women (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The MRI findings revealed that de novo SUI was associated with major LAM injury, vesical neck downward movement as well as urethral sphincter dysfunction. Vesical neck funneling on sagittal images can be treated as a valuable predictor for SUI. The intervention for the PI should focus on the elevation of vesical neck, rehabilitation of LAM as well as recovery of the urethral sphincter muscle.
Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Neck ; Pelvic Floor Disorders ; Pelvic Floor* ; Rehabilitation ; Urethra ; Urinary Incontinence* ; Valsalva Maneuver

The transmission cycle of echinococcosis was established in 1853.More than 160 years have elapsed since Iceland initiated control measures to break the transmission cycle of echinococcosis in 1863.Control plans have been implemented in more than a dozen countries/territories,and lessons have been learned from failures as well as successes.In this review,we fo-cus on the failure experiences,which have also promoted successes in the control of cystic echinococcosis(caused by the para-site Echinococcus granulosus)in regions including Iceland,New Zealand,Uruguay,Wales(England),Turkana(Kenya),and Sardinia(Italy).The causes of the failures were analyzed,and the effects of health education,dog deworming,and con-trol measures for infected animal slaughter on echinococcosis control are comprehensively summarized.However,no suc-cessful experience has been reported in the control of alveolar echinococcosis(caused by the parasite Echinococcus multilocu-laris).On the basis of the biological characteristics of E.mul-tilocularis parasitization in dogs for a duration of 30 days and larvae parasitization in rodents,the fundamental measure for controlling alveolar echinococcosis is administration of monthly deworming treatments to dogs in high prevalence areas.

OBJECTIVETo establish the basis for Chinese dietary exposure assessment database by classifying and coding the data from the national dietary survey and pollutant surveillance.

METHODSThe method, which combined CODEX food classifying and coding of Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) with Chinese food classification of food composition table, was applied to classify and code the data of 1 810 703 Chinese dietary consumption and 487 819 pollutant surveillance. The coding system was according to the first two letters of the respective food group that represent the type or source of foods, the last four digits represent the serial number of the food in the CAC food classification. If the foods can be found in CAC food code system, its original food code is used. The new codes corresponding with the foods which are not exist in CAC food code system, is added according to CAC coding methods.

RESULTSDietary consumption data were divided into 6 major categories, 19 types, 75 groups, the agricultural products of pollutant surveillance corresponding to 499 codes. Comparing with CAC food coding system, Chinese dietary consumption data have added F (candy snacks) and G (beverages) 2 major categories, 4 types, 33 groups, 302 new codes. The additional groups most were the processing food groups with Chinese characteristics, such as canned, beverages, candy, meat products.

CONCLUSIONThe foundation of data communication to dietary exposure assessment has been established, and the connection of Chinese food classifying and coding with CAC data have been achieved.

China ; Consumer Product Safety ; Databases, Factual ; Diet ; classification ; statistics & numerical data ; Diet Surveys ; Humans ; Vocabulary, Controlled

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical characteristics of intracranial hematoma and the mechanism involved in its rapid natural resolution.

METHODSSeventeen cases of intracranial hematoma with typical clinical and CT manifestations were retrospectively studied.

RESULTSIntracranial hematoma was found obviously decreased in size within 72 h after its occurrence in 8 cases. The rest 9 cases presented complete resolution.

CONCLUSIONSRapid natural resolution of acute epidural hematoma is mostly found in teenagers and the resolution is correlated with cranial fracture at the hematoma site. As for acute subdural hematoma, its rapid resolution is associated with the transfer of cerebrospinal fluid toward subdural space, the lavage effect, and the compression caused by the increased intracranial pressure or the space left resulting from redistribution of the hematoma in brain atrophy.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cholera Toxin ; Female ; Hematoma, Subdural ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Remission, Spontaneous ; Retrospective Studies