The larval and adult schistosomes can effectively establish the stable parasitic relationship with their final hosts and then maintain the parasitism for a long time,due to the successful adaptation to their parasitic lifestyle. This paper reviews the progress of research on parasitic adaptability of schistosomes in several respects,and demonstrates the application value of schisto-somal genes related to parasitic adaptability in schistosomiasis control and exploitation of natural active molecules.

This study was to appraise safety and feasibility of laparoscopic approach and investigate the clinical effects of laparoscopic tension-free repair of esophageal hiatal hernia using mesh. From August 2006 to July 2009, 24 patients with esophageal hiatal hernia underwent laparoscopic repair. Twenty-three patients received laparoscopic tension-free repair using mesh, at the same time, Toupet or Dor partial fundoplication was performed. One patient was converted to open surgery. The average operating time was 90 min (70-210 min) and the blood loss was between 10-110 mL. There was no death. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 5 days (3-30 days). During a follow-up period of 12-20 months (mean 15 months), there was no recurrence of the hernia, and no complication with use of mesh. The present study suggested that laparoscopic approach was secure and minimally invasive operation for esophageal hiatal hernia and the use of mesh could reduce recurrence rate.

Objective To investigate the effect of continuous renal replacement therapy on the levels of IL-27 in peripheral blood of patients with chronic heart failure concurrence acute kidney failure. Methods 78 patients with chronic heart failure were enrolled from June 2012 to December 2013 in Zhujiang hospital affiliated Southern medical university. According to patient′s condition, 38 patients with chronic heart failure concurrence acute kidney failure undertaking CRRT, 40 patients with chronic heart failure undertaking conventional therapy. Heart function were determined by cardiac ultrasound, the levels of IL-27 and BNP were determined by ELISA. Results Compared with chronic heart failure patients, the levels of IL-27 were decreasing but BNP were increasing in patients with chronic heart failure concurrence acute kidney failure (P < 0.05). After CRRT, the levels of IL-27 were increasing but BNP were decreasing in patients with chronic heart failure concurrence acute kidney failure. Correlation analysis showed that the levels of IL-27 is negatively correlated with the levels of BNP , but positively correlated with LVEF (P<0.05). Conclusion IL-27 participated in the development of chronic heart failure concurrence acute kidney failure. CRRT regulating and controlling the heart and kidney function may partly through effecting on immune-inflammatory mechanism.

Objective: To study the influence of high cell incubating temperature on AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) activity and lipid metabolites of piglets hepatocytes in vitro.Method: Primary hepatocytes of piglets about age 55d were separated and cultured under 37 ℃(control) or 42 ℃(heat stress).The anabolic and catabolic products of [14C]-oleic acid were detected for hepatocytes and culture media at 60min,120min and 180min.There were 9 replicates per time point.Result: Heat stress activated AMPK activity and enhanced fatty acid oxidation.The production of [14C]-CO2 and [14C]-acid soluble metabolites(ASM) was higher in heat stress group than in the control.At the same time,heat stress depressed the incorporation of [14C]-oleate into phospholipids,monoglycerides,triglycerides,cholesterol and cholesteryl ester.Conclusion: Heat stress activated AMPK activity and enhanced the formation of anabolic products and depressed catabolic products in piglets hepatocytes in vitro.

Background Many kindof cells,cytokineand extracellulamatrix components,such aconnective tissue growth facto(CTGF) and fibronectin (FN),can regulate and controll the formation and developmenof epiretinal membrane.Iiimportanto investigate the morphology and pathology of epiretinal membrane fothe prevention of relevanretinopathies.Objective Thistudy wato investigate the expression of CTGF and FN in differentypeand stageof epiretinal membranes.MethodEpiretinal membranewere collected during vitrectomy and silicon oil removal surgery from 24 eyeof 24 casewith rhegmatogenouretinal detachment(RRD) (including 14 eyewith courses＜90 dayand 10 eyewith course≥ 90 days),20 eyeof 20 casewith diabetiretinopathy (DR)associated with vitreouhemorrhage and tractional RD (course≥ 90 days)and 7 eyeof 7 casewith silicon oil tamponade (course≥ 90 days).The grading of the proliferative vitroretinopathy (PVR) wa＞C2 in all the eyes.Histopathological examination waperformed to assesthe pathological elemenin the differentypeand stageof epiretinal membrane,and the differential expressionof CTGF and FN in the varioutypeof epiretinal membranewere detected by immunochemistry.The amounof cellpositive foCTGF and FN wacompared using the FisheExacProbability method.ResultHistopathological examination showed thaincrease in the numbeof RPE celland inflammatory cellwaprimary characteristiin the epithelial membrane of RRD with courses＜90 days,buthere were loof neurogliocyteand fibroblastin the RRD group with course≥ 90 days.In addition,the infiltration of inflammatory cellwapredominanin the RRD and Dgroups,bufibroplasiwaobviouin the silicon oil tamponade group.When the course wa≥ 90 days,7 eye(70.0％)in the RRD group wapositive foCTGF,and 18 eyes(90.0％)in the Dgroup and 2 eyes(28.6％)in the silicon oil tamponade group were positive foCTGF,with significandifference among them(P=0.037).In regardto FN,9 eyeshowed expression in the RRD group(90.0％),18 eyein the Dgroup(90.0％)and 7 eyein the silicon oil tamponade group(100.0％),withousignificandifference among them (P =0.379).In the RRD group,7 eyewith course≥ 90 dayand 13 eyewith courses＜90 days(92.9％)were positive foCTGF,showing significandifference between them(P =0.032).AfoFN,9 eye(90.0％)with course≥ 90 dayshowed positivity,which wasignificantly highethan the 7 eyewith courses＜90 day(50.0％) (P =0.019).ConclusionThe expression of CTGF in epiretinal membranevariewith the disease type and course duration,buthe expression of FN in epiretinal membrane varieonly with the course duration.

Objective To evaluate laparoscopic local resection for the treatment of gastric tumors. Methods The clinical data of 78 patients who received laparoscopic local resection at the PLA General Hospital from February 2006 to January 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the tumor site and free range, total laparoscopic gastrectomy was applied to 45 patients, laparoscopic local resection was applied to 22 patients, laparoscopic and endoscopic tumor resection was applied to 11 patients. The efficacies of the surgical approaches were investigated. Results Laparoscopic local resection was successfully performed on the 78 patients without conversion to open surgery. The mean operation time and operative blood loss were 75 minutes (range, 45-120 minutes) and 60 ml (range, 35-90 ml), respectively. The mean diameter of the tumor was (2.5±1.3)cm (range, 0.7-4.8 cm). No mortality or morbidity occurred postoperatively. The bowel function recovery time and the duration of hospital stay were 35 hours (range, 25-42 hours) and 7.5 days (range, 6-9 days), respectively. The results of postoperative pathological examination verified that 63 patients were with gastric stromal tumor, 11 patients were with benign gastric diseases, including 5 with gastric heterotopic pancreas, 2 with inflammatory pseudotumor, 2 with hyperplastic polyp, 1 with schwannomas and one with angioma. Four patients were with carcinoid, 3 carcinoids were located in mucous layer and 1 invaded into muscular layer. The median time of follow-up was 26 months, and no anastomotic stenosis or port-site metastasis was observed. Of the 63 patients with gastric stromal tumor, 2 were treated with imatinib mesylate, 1 had tumor recurrence and received reoperation. Conclusion Laparoscopic local resection is safe and feasible for the treatment of benign gastric neoplasms, stromal tumor and early gastric tumors.

Anal Canal/surgery* ; Anorectal Malformations ; Constriction ; Fecal Incontinence ; Humans ; Rectal Prolapse

Objective To study the association between functional genetic polymorphisms of IL-1B(T-31C,C-511T),IL-1RN and the susceptibility to gastric cancers. Methods A case-control study was conducted in 180 gastric cancer cases and 308 age-and sex-matched cancer-free controls.Genotypes were detected by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) assays,and association between genotypes,environmental factors and risk of gastric cancers were determined. Results IL-1B T-31C was in strong linkage disequilibrium with IL-1B C-511T(D'=0.862,R2= 0.721,P=0.000).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the variant genotypes of IL-1B T-31C and C-511T were not significantly associated with risks for gastric cancers(adjusted OR,0.95 and 95% CI,0.62-1.47 for IL-1B T-31C;and adjusted OR,0.85 and 95% CI,0.55-1.31 for IL-1B C-511T).The variant genotypes(1/2,2/2) in IL-1RN were associated with a non-significantly increased risks for gastric cancers(adjusted OR,1.32 and 95% CI,0.71-2.36) in all subjects and with a significantly increased risks for gastric cancers in subjects with H.pylori infection(adjusted OR,2.03 and 95%CI,1.02-4.80).Conclusion The functional genetic polymorphisms of IL-1RN may contribute to the risks of gastric cancers in high-risk population,particularly in those with H.pylori infection.

Type 2 diabetes is a complex metabolic disease, accompanied by insulin resistance and elevated blood glucose. As the disease progresses, hyperglucagonemia will occur. Glucagon has a significant effect on glucose increase and energy expenditure. In recent years, several glucagon receptor (GCGR) antagonists were developed. They lowered blood glucose in clinical studies, along with side effects, such as increased blood lipids and elevated liver transaminase. In order to solve these problems, glucagon like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R)/GCGR co-agonists were developed, which not only lower blood glucose, but also reduce weight and promote lipolysis. In this review, we will focus on the biological effects of glucagon, the treatments of GCGR antagonists, and GLP-1R/GCGR co-agonists on type 2 diabetes.

Drug eluting stents (DESs) have revolutionized the interventional cardiology over the past decade since the first DES became commercially available in Europe in 2002. Compared to bare metal stents that are deployed to keep the vessel open by mechanical force, DESs have an additional function of reducing restenosis by the action of the drug on the target site. Coatings on the stent surface which ensure the maximum delivery of therapeutic agents to the target site with minimal systematic toxicity, also play an important role in adjusting the drug release profile. Coating material and technology not only affect the surface biocompatibility and the integrity maintenance during the implanting process, but also decide the way of drug delivering and transmitting from the coating. This paper reviews the basic principles of DES coating design, the categories of DES coatings, the commonly used clinical DES coatings and their efficiency in reducing restenosis, and finally provides the future perspectives for DES coatings.
Biocompatible Materials ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Lactic Acid ; Phosphorylcholine ; Polyethylenes ; Polyglycolic Acid ; Prosthesis Design ; Titanium