Public Health Ophthalmology is a population-,region-or country-based as a whole object,and is committed to improving the eye health of the whole population.Epidemiological investigation of the eye was named to the region from a single disease to variation of diseases from cross-sectional survey to a longitudinal cohort study.Epidemiological investigations is the most important way which can reflect the pathogenic factors for public health policy-making,early diagnosis and prevention and treatment of eye disease,and Research to Prevent Blindness.Imaging Diagnosis,quality control,improve the reliability of the epidemiological investigation,and to strengthen the study of disease,race,and molecular levels and create a unique epidemiological study.

Dry age-related macular degeneration(AMD)is a prevalent form of irreversible blindness worldwide in the elderly population with an increasing incidence in China.It is found that some dry AMD will develop to wet AMD and therefore damage visual function.Pathogenesis of AMD is below understand now,but it is thought to be related to the light-induced ocular damage,oxidative stress response,extracellular disposition and immunology.Up to now,effective and safe prevention and treatment methods of AMD are still studying,especially wet AMD,but the concern on dry AMD is not enough.Some basic and clinical pharmaceutics researches on AMD include antioxidants,anti-extracellular disposition drugs and anti-inflammatory agents.With the rise of aging population,we should pay special attention to the research on pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of dry AMD.

Diabetic macular edema ( DME ) is a major cause of visual impairment in patients with diabetes mellitus, the central retinal thickness ( CRT ) is correlated with the visual impairment and the changes of visual function before and after treatment. Furthermore, CRT is related to the changes of macular microstructure. The subtle changes of retinal microstructure can be qualitative and quantitative analyzed by spectral- domain OCT ( SD -OCT) . In this study, the changes of retinal microstructure in patients with DME are reviewed, what is of great meaning to explore mechanism, observe disease progress, guide clinical treatment and prospect prognosis of DME.

Vitreo-retinal surgery is one of the effective methods in treating severe vitreoretinopathy.However,there remains great variance in surgical quality,outcomes and success rates among hospitals of different areas in China.This article focuses on how to im- prove in surgical outcomes and success rate as well as to avoid complications of vitreo-retinal surgery.Specific issues are addressed on such as indications and timing of vitreo-retinal surgery,management of pre-operative patients,applications of new appliances and mate- rials,maneuver of surgical techniques and nurturing appropriate habits of surgery.

Blindness ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Vision, Low ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control

Abnormalities, Multiple ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Aorta, Thoracic ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic ; congenital ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Aortic Diseases ; congenital ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Male ; Radiography ; Rare Diseases ; X-Rays

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic efficacy of Dangfei Liganning Tablet (DLT) in the treatment of antipsychotics induced mild hepatic damage.

METHODSTotally 80 mental inpatients with antipsychotics induced mild liver injury were randomly assigned to two groups, the treatment group (40 cases) and the control group (40 cases). Patients in the treatment group took DLT, two tablets each time, three times per day, while those in the control group took Liver-protecting Tablet (LT), four tablets each time, three times per day. The treatment course was 4 weeks for all. Changes of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (AST) were observed before treatment, week 1, 2, and 4 after treatment. The therapeutic efficacy was compared between the two groups.

RESULTSCompared with the former time point, ALT and AST gradually decreased in the two groups at week 1, 2, and 4 (P <0. 05). The cured rate was 72. 5% and the total effective rate was 97. 5% in the treatment group. They were 62. 5% and 90. 0% respectively in the control group. There was no statistical difference in the two indices between the two group (P >0.05). No obvious adverse reaction occurred in the two groups.

CONCLUSIONDLT could treat antipsychotics induced mild hepatic damage in a safe and effective way.

Alanine Transaminase ; metabolism ; Antipsychotic Agents ; adverse effects ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Liver ; metabolism ; Protective Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Tablets ; therapeutic use

Objective To quantify aqueous flare and cells in the eyes of healthy subjects and to evaluate the effect of age and sex on the blood aqueous barrier. Design Prospective case series. Participants Four hundred and forty-two eyes of 221 healthy sub- jects. Methods Aqueous flare and cells of 442 eyes were evaluated with FC-2000 laser flare cell meter (LFCM). Main Outcome Mea- sures Aqueous flare and cells. Results The mean flare values of all of eyes was 4.7?2.9 pc/ms, it was 3.1 pc/ms in the age group of less than 10 years, 3.8 pc/ms in the age group of 40-49 years and 11.0 pc/ms in the age group of 80 years or over. The mean flare val- ues in the age groups of 50 years or over were significantly higher than that in the age group of 40-49 years (P

BACKGROUNDChoroidal melanoma is the most common intraocular malignant tumor in adults. It threatens not only the visual function but also the patient's life. Therefore, it is important to find a non-traumatic, quantitative and repetitive diagnostic method. This study investigated the value of quantitative analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the diagnosis of choroidal melanoma.

METHODSCEUS were performed in 51 cases of choroidal melanoma, which were diagnosed either pathologically or clinically and in 14 cases of choroidal hemangioma. The characteristics of the time-intensity curve of the contrast agent were analyzed. For the quantitative analysis, the following parameters of the contrast agent in the lesion were included: rising time (RT), time to peak (TTP), maximum intensity (MI) and the mean transit time (MTT).

RESULTSChoroidal melanoma had the following characteristics on CEUS: Choroidal lesions were completely filled with contrast agent. The typical filling pattern was centripetal, with the peripheral of the choroidal lesion filled with the contrast agent first and then the center of the lesion. In some cases, areas with contrast agent filling defect were observed in the lesions. The contrast agent filled the lesion slower than the normal eye and orbital tissue but faded faster in the lesion. Quantitative analysis showed that in choroidal melanoma, MI of contrast agent (191.31% ± 146.90%) was significantly more than that of the normal tissue (100.00% ± 0.00%) (P < 0.05) and MTT ((63.56 ± 26.04) seconds) was significantly less than that of the normal tissue ((149.87 ± 182.68) seconds) (P < 0.05). TTP (22.80 ± 9.85) was less than that of the normal tissue ((29.57 ± 24.76) seconds) and RT ((18.52 ± 7.09) seconds) was less than that of the normal tissue ((26.45 ± 21.83) seconds). Both the differences of TTP and RT were not statistically significant though. Logistic regression showed that to predict choroidal melanoma and choroidal hemangioma with MI and MTT, the sensitivity was 90.5% and the specific degrees was 85.7%.

CONCLUSIONSCEUS is a new method to diagnose tumors in the eye. Choroidal melanoma may be diagnosed objectively and accurately by combining the graphic characteristics on CEUS and the time-intensity curve quantitative analysis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Choroid Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Contrast Media ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Melanoma ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; Ultrasonography ; Young Adult