se,instead of simply a functional disease,wtth biochemical basis.

Type I allergic reaction is the most common and serious one in the adverse drug reactions (ADR) of TCM injections. Skin test can be used to predict the occurrence of allergic reactions, which is a simple and effective method for safe use of TCM injections. To a certain extent, it can reduce ADR of medicine and ensure the safety of clinical medication. However, the medicine instructions of TCM injections that clearly point out the need for skin test are few, and there are many problems of skin test in clinical practice. For example, lack of systematic research on skin test, no uniform standard for clinical judgment, lack of diagnostic reagents and proprietary methods of skin test. Therefore, specifications for clinical skin test of TCM injections are needed to provide guarantee for the safe use of TCM injections.

China ; Metals, Heavy ; Research Support as Topic ; statistics & numerical data

Objective To observe the dynamic levels of IL-2,IL-5 and IL-6 produced by Balb/ c mice infected with DEN_2 clinical strains and to study their relation.Methods The Balb/c mouse in- feetion model was established by multiple-site subcutaneous injection with various doses of DEN_2 clini- cal strain.Mouse plasma samples collected from different experiment groups at various time after in fection were tested for IL-2,IL-5 and IL-6 levels with sandwich ELISA.Results After primary in- feeted with DEN_2 B strain,the levels of IL-2,IL-5 and IL-6 of all experimental groups were not sig- nificantly higher than the normal control group while the levels of experimental groups increased sig- nificantly after re-infection.The level of IL-2 reached to peak[average value of(101 522.44?10 465.375)pg/ml]at the 4th day after re-infection(the 20th day after the primary infection),and then the level gradually reduced.The levels of IL-5 in the Balb/c mice of the group 1 and 2 reached to peak at the 1st day after re infection(the 16th day after the primary infection),and there was signifi- cant difference between these two groups and the control group(P＜0.05).The levels of IL-6 in all experimental groups reached to peak at the 1st and the 2nd day after re-infection.The peak value of the third group is the highest comparing with the normal control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Th2 response was predominant in the second infection phase.

Objective To determine the safety, pregnancy outcome and the affect on neonates in pregnant patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Methods Sixty-two pregnant patients with SLE were evaluated retrospectively from 1999 to 2009 in our hospital. These patients were divided into two groups:selective pregnancy group and nonselective pregnancy group. The pregnancy outcomes, fetal outcomes, and lupus activity during pregnancy were compared between the two groups. The children of the SLE patients were followed up. Results There were 43 patients in the selective pregnancies group and 19 patients in nonselective pregnancies group. In the selective pregnancies group, lupus flare occurred in 10 pregnancies(23%), 35(81%)had a live birth, 7 had low birth weight infants and 7 had premature delivery; however, in the nonselective pregnancies group, lupus flare occurred in 16 pregnancies(84%), 13(68%) had abortion,6 had a live birth, but all neonates were low birth weight infants. The rates of lupus flare and pregnancy loss in the nonselective pregnancy group were higher than those of the selective pregnancy group(P＜0.05). None of the 22 children had SLE during the follow-up period. Conclusion Both selective and nonselective pregnancy may adversely affectmaternal and fetal outcomes, but patients with selective pregnancy have better outcomes either in lupus flare or maternal and fetal outcomes compared with those of the nonselective pregnancy.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and carry out analysis on pharmacoeconomic cost-effect of three therapeutic schemes in the treatment for stroke. Methods Through a retrospective survey method, 115 stroke patients, based on different treatment methods, were divided into 3 groups:Xuesaitong group (A), carthamin yellow group (B), and Xueshuantong group (C). An analysis on pharmacoeconomic cost-effect was conducted. Results The costs of three therapeutic schemes were 1030.4 yuan, 1876 yuan, and 1545.6 yuan, respectively. The total effective rates of stroke patients in groups A, B and C were 85.37%, 88.57% and 90.04%, respectively. The cost-effect ratios of groups A, B and C were 12.07, 21.18, and 17.17. The added cost-effect ratios of groups B and C compared with group A were 264.25 and 110.32, respectively. Conclusion Xueshuantong Injection has more pharmacoeconomic advantage than Xuesaitong and carthamin yellow Injections in treating stroke.

Objective:To explore the pharmaceutical care model for the patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ALI/ARDS) caused by inhalation of chemical agents to ensure the safety, rationality and effectiveness of drugs. Methods:According to the characteristics of drug therapy for the patients with ALI/ARDS caused by inhalation of chemical agents, the pharma-ceutical care was carried out and the suggestions on the medication were given. Results:Through the pharmaceutical care, the safety, reasonability and effectiveness were improved. And the incidence of adverse drug reactions was decreased. Conclusion: Cooperating with clinical physician, clinical pharmacists can perform active pharmaceutical service and optimize dosage regimen, which is beneficial to the safety, reasonability and effectiveness of drug therapy for the patients.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare Lornoxicam for injection and to study its stability.METHODS:The formular and pre paration technology of Lornoxicam for injection was optimized with the index of contents,the related substances and pH value;3batches of samples'stability was investigated.RESULTS:The best formula was found to be the following:4.0g of lornoxicam,4.0g of propylene glycol,100g of mannitol and sufficient quantum of1mol/L caustic soda,3batches of sample preparations man ufactured under this formula were found to be stable in quality in the accelerated,room temperature storage test under the condition of commercial packing.CONCLUSION:The formula design was reasonable and the preparation technology was feasible.

Objective To explore the method for early diagnosis of masked polycythemia vera (mPV) by comparing and analyzing the features of mPV and polycythemia vera (PV). Methods A total of 200 newly diagnosed male patients were collected based on diagnostic criteria, including 100 cases of PV and 100 cases of mPV. Erythropoietin (EPO), neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) score, bone marrow biopsy (BMB), and JAK2 V617F mutation were evaluated in all cases. After 6 months, hemoglobin (Hb) and JAK2 V617F mutation load were detected in patients without special treatment in two groups during follow-up. Results EPO, NAP score, BMB hematopoietic volume and the number of megakaryocyte had no statistical differences between PV group and mPV group [(3.4 ± 0.7) U/ml vs. (3.2±0.6) U/ml, (276±20) score vs. (278±21) score, (78±10) % vs. (76±9) %, (53±6) vs. (51±5), respectively], while JAK2 V617F mutation load in PV group was higher than that in mPV group[(89.2±9.4) % vs. (78.1±8.6) %, P<0.05]. In mPV patients without special treatment, Hb ≥185 g/L was found in 37 patients after 6 months, and the level of Hb and JAK2 V617F mutation load in these 37 patients reached (194±8) g/L and (90.7±9.1) %, respectively. Conclusions There is no significant difference in EPO, NAP score and BMB between PV and mPV, but the JAK2 V617F mutation load is different. In mPV patients without special treatment, Hb level can reach the typical PV diagnostic criteria after 6 months, meanwhile, JAK2 V617F mutation load is also increased.

Objective To establish blood screening and genetic detection of thalassemia trait in pregnant couples in Chang‐shou area so as to provide guidance for aristogenesis and prenatal diagnosis .Methods A total of 1 760 pregnancy in maternal and child health hospital treated from January 2013 to October 2014 were selected for study .The component of hemoglobin was ana‐lyzed as primary screening and genotype of pregnant couples were ensured in which primary screening result is positive .Results There were 27 cases suspected as α‐thalassemia (positive rate was 1 .53% ) and 25 cases suspected as β‐thalassemia(positive rate was 1 .42% ) in the primary screening(n=1 760) .The positive rate of gene carrier were 31 .51% (n=438) in women and 33 .33%(n=27) in men .Conclusion The routine screening of thalassemia could guide aristogenesis in high incidence area and provide terms of prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling .