Child ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Lupus Nephritis ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

BACKGROUND:α-zearalanol, a natural phytoestrogen has the effect of anti- atherosclerosis like the estrogen but with less side effect. Therefore, it has a potential for more application in the future. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of 17β-estradiol (E2) and α-zearalanol (ZAL) on coagulation and fibrinolysis in ovariectomized rats and to compare and analyze their effects. DESIGN: An observational and controlled experiment. SETTING:Department of Pathophysiology of the Capital University of Medical Sciences and the Department of Pathophsiology of the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College. MATERIALS: The experiment was completed at the Science Department of Experiment Animals from July to September 2003. Thirty-six healthy female Wistar rats aged 12-week old , weighing (250±10)g, clean grade were involved. The animals were divided into 4 groups, namely sham-operation control group, ovariectomy (OVX) group, OVX +E2 group, OVX+ZAL group with 9 rats in each group. METHODS: For the rats in the sham-operation control group, operation was performed without removing the ovary. For the rats in the OVX group,ovariectomy was performed and the rat models were made at the sterile condition. 1 mg/kg 17β-estradiol and 1mg/kg α-zearalanol were respectively injected intramuscularly into the rats in the OVX +E2 group and OVX+ZAL group 14 days after the operation, once every three days for 35days altogether. After the administration of 17β-estradiol or α-zearalanol for 5 weeks, rats were killed, and blood was collected through the common carotid artery and plasma was collected from it. The prothrombin time (PT)and the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were determined with coagulation method. The level of fibrinogen (FG) was measured with an automatic biochemistry analyzer. Tissue factor(TF)level was determined with ELISA method, the activity of tissue plasminogen activator(t-PA)and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1)were determined with chromogenic substrate assay. At the same time, the uteri were cut off and weighed by an electronic scale to work out the uteri weight/body weight (g/kg). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① PT, APTT, FG,TF, t-PA, PAI-1; ②uteri mass/body mass RESULTS: All the 36 rats entered the stage of the result analysis. ①change of PT: it was shorter in the OVX group than that in the sham-operation control group (P ＜ 0.01 ), but it was longer than that in the OVX group after supplementation of E2 and ZAL (P ＜ 0.05-0.01 ). ② Change of FG and TF: they were significantly higher than those in the sham-operation control group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01 ). But, they were lower than those in the OVX group after supplementation of E2 and ZAL (P＜ 0.05-0.01 ). ③Change of tPA: It was significantly lower in the OVX group than that in the sham-operation control group [(0.33±0.33) μkat/L,(4.00±1.50) μkat/L,(q=9.43, P ＜ 0.01 )]. However, it was significantly higher than that in the OVX group after supplementation of E2 and ZAL [(1.83 ±0.67)μkat/L,(1.17±0.83) μkat/L, (q=13.50, P ＜ 0.01; q=5.00, P ＜ 0.05). ④ Change of PAI-1: It was significantly higher than that in the sham-operation control group [(2.33±0.67) μkat/L,(1.17±0.33) μkat/L,(q=10.5, P ＜ 0.01 )]. ⑤Uteri mass/body mass: It was significantly lower in the OYX +ZAL group than that in the OVX+ E2 group [0.66,1.96, (q=14.67, P ＜ 0.01)]. CONCLUSION: Both 17β-estradiol and α-zearalanol can resume the balance of coagulation-fibrinolysis of ovariectomized rats, suggesting that αzearalanol has a similar protective effect similar to that of 17β-estradiol on cardiovascular system. As α-zearalanol has less adverse effect on uteri enlarging than 17β-estradiol, it has a better prospect for substitution of estrogens as a natural phytoestrogen.

Objective To detect the expression of telomerase catalytic subunit (TERT),telomerase in human ovarian luteinized granulosa cells and to investigate the relationship between telomerase expression and the ovarian fecundity Methods Ovarian luteinized granulosa cells were recovered from 22 women with regular menses who underwent in vitro fertilization/ intracytoplasmic sperm injection programme.We carried out in situ hybridization histochemistry on luteinized granulosa cells to detect TERT mRNA expression,and telomeric repeat amplification protocol to detect telomerase activity Results TERT mRNA were present in luteinized granulosa cells.The expression of TERT mRNA and telomerase activity in ovarian luteinized granulosa cells decreased with increase of age,basal serum follicle stimulating hormone levels Conclusions These results suggest that telomerase may play an active role in ovarian function.A reduced telomerase activity of granulosa cells may be one of the important mechanisms involved in decreased ovarian function in women.

Objective To evaluate the association between genetic polymorphisms in promoter regions of matrix metalloprotein‐ase‐1 (MMP‐1)‐1607bp1G/2G ,matrix metalloproteinase‐7 (MM P‐7)‐181‐bpA /G and susceptibility of cervical cancer using Meta‐analysis .Methods Relevant studies that had relationships of the polymorphism in promoter regions of matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MM P‐1)‐1607bp1G/2G ,matrix metalloproteinase‐7 (MMP‐7)‐181‐bpA /G and susceptibility of cervical cancer were collected as case‐control groups .RevMan5 .0 software was applied to analyze the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals(CI) of the as‐sociation between polymorphisms and susceptibility of cervical cancer .Results Finally ,6 studies were selected ,containing 4 studies of MMP‐1 and 2 studies of MMP‐7 .For MMP‐1‐1607bp1G/2G ,OR was 0 .76 (95% CI = 0 .51 - 1 .13 ,P= 0 .17) under 1G/1G +1G/2G ∶ 2G/2G model ,OR was 0 .72 (95% CI = 0 .42 - 1 .23 ,P = 0 .42) under 1G/1G ∶ 2G/2G model ,OR was 0 .79(95% CI =0 .57 - 1 .09 ,P= 0 .15) under 1G ∶ 2G model ,it was concluded that there was no statistical significance between them .For MM P‐7‐181bpA /G ,OR was 0 .47 (95% CI = 0 .30 - 0 .74 ,P= 0 .001) under AA + AG ∶ GG model ,OR was 0 .43 (95% CI = 0 .26 - 0 .74 , P= 0 .002) under AA ∶ GG model ,OR was 0 .77(95% CI = 0 .62 - 0 .94 ,P= 0 .02) under A ∶ G model ,there were statistical signifi‐cance differences under all models .Conclusion Polymorphisms in promoter of MMP‐7‐118bpA/G are associated with the suscepti‐bility of cervical cancer and an allele is a protective factor .It is still not confirmed that significant association between the MM P‐1‐1607bp1G/2G and susceptibility to cervical cancer exists in current literature .

Thyroid hormones and the related antibodies have some function in the natural process of breast cancer development.The possible mechanisms include:iodine complex can inhibit breast cell proliferation and can induce apoptosis; thyroid hormone can affect breast cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis; the imbalance of thyroid hormone and estrogen hormone promotes breast cells cancerous; hypothyroidism may affect the proliferation and invasiveness of breast tumors; lymphocytic infiltration or abnormal local immune response in thyroid disease.

A Review The elastin has been investigated since the 1950 s, and it has been found that elastin relates to the vascular diseases in recent years. In this review, the elastin gene structure, distribution and its role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases and aging are summarized.

Objective To investigate the changes in pulmonary gas exchange and intrapulmonary shunting during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) without veno-venous bypass. Methods Sixteen ASA III-IV patients with end-stage liver diseases were studied. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.1 mg ? kg-1 , fentanyl 10 ?g kg -1 , scopolamine 0.6 mg, and vecuronium 0.1 mg ? kg-1 and maintained with isoflurane and propofol infusion (2-3 mg? kg-1h-1 ) supplemented with intermittent iv boluses of midazolam, fentanyl and vecuronium. The patients were intubated and mechanically ventilated with 100% O2 Swan-Ganz catheter was inserted via right internal jugular vein. Radial artery was cannulated. MAP, HR, ECG, CVP, SpO2 and PET CO2 were continuously monitored. Body temperature was maintained at≥35.5℃ during operation. Blood samples were taken from radial and pulmonary artery for blood gas analysis. P(A-a) O2 and Qs/Qt were calculated immediately before operation (T1 ), cross-clamping (T2) and unclamping of inferior vena cava and portal vein (T3 ) , 5 min (T4) and 90 min (T5 ) after graft reperfusion and at the end of operation (T6). Results P(A-a) O2 and Qs/Qt were both higher than normal value at T1 . PaCO2, P(A-a) O2 and Qs/Qt increased significantly at T3 and T4 as compared with those at T2 P(A-a)O2 and Qs/Qt were significantly decreased at T5 and T6 as compared with those at T3 and T4 Qs/Qt was positively correlated with P(a-A) O2 and PAP. Conclusion There is a certain degree of intrapulmonary shunt before and during orthotopic liver transplantation without veno-venous bypass. The amount of fluid infused should be strictly controlled during anhepatic phase.

Background:Serum levels of pepsinogen( PG),gastrin-17( G-17)and Helicobacter pylori( Hp)infection are closely associated with gastric cancer. Studies on relationship of serum levels of PG and G-17 with Hp infection in Uygur and Han population with gastric cancer in Xinjiang area are rare. Aims:To investigate serum levels of PG and G-17 and their relationships with Hp infection in Uygur and Han population with gastric cancer in Xinjiang area. Methods:A total of 198 Uygur and 50 Han gastric cancer patients were enrolled,and healthy people with the same race were served as normal controls. Serum levels of PGⅠ,PGⅡ,G-17 were determined by ELISA,PGⅠ/ PGⅡ ratio(PGR)was calculated. Urea breath test and stool Hp antigen test were used to detect Hp infection. Results:Serum PGⅠ level and PGR in Uygur and Han patients with gastric cancer were significantly decreased than those in corresponding control groups(P < 0. 05),and serum levels of PGⅡ and G-17 were significantly increased(P < 0. 05). Serum PGⅠ level and PGR in Uygur gastric cancer patients were significantly decreased than those in Han gastric cancer patients(P < 0. 05),and serum G-17 level was significantly increased(P < 0. 05). Hp infection rate in Uygur and Han patients with gastric cancer were significantly increased than those in corresponding control groups( P < 0. 05). Serum level of PG Ⅰ and PGR were significantly decreased in Han gastric cancer patients with Hp-positive than in Hp-negative patients,and serum levels of PGⅡ and G-17 were significantly increased(P < 0. 05). Serum levels of PGⅠ,PGⅡ and G-17 were significantly increased in Uygur gastric cancer patients with Hp-positive than in Hp-negative patients,PGR was significantly decreased(P < 0. 05). Serum levels of PGⅠ,PGⅡ and PGR were significantly increased in Uygur gastric antral cancer patients than in gastric corpus cancer and proximal gastric cancer patients(P < 0. 05). Conclusions:Decreased serum PGⅠ level,PGR and increased serum level of G-17 can be used as biomarkers to screen gastric cancer in Uygur and Han population in Xinjiang area. Hp infection in Uygur and Han patients with gastric cancer is related to the changes of serum level of PGⅠ,PGR and G-17.