Objective To investigate the features of HIV-1-specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte (CTL)responses in Chinese.Methods The HIV-1-specific CTL responses were analyzed in an IFN-?ELISPOT assay by using a matrix system containing 820 overlapping peptides spanning the entire HIV-1 Clade B and C consensus sequence.Results The HIV-1-specific CTL response almost clus- tered in Gag and Nef across either HIV-1 Clade B(HIV-1 B)or HIV-1 Clade C(HIV-1 C),while oth- er proteins could also be recognized at different level.In comparison of the response between HIV-1 Clade B and Clade C,the magnitude and frequency was roughly identical with some difference found at single-peptide level.The most frequently recognized peptides of HIV-1 B were located in Nef,GPKEP- FRDYVDRFYKTLR(5/17,29.4%)and Gag,LWVYHTQGYFPDWQNY(5/17,29.4%),while the most frequently recognized peptide of HIV-1 C was located in Gag GPKEPFRDYVDRFFKTLR(6/17, 35.29%).Conclusions HIV-1-specific CTL responses clustered within HIV-1 Gag and Nef in Chinese. However,there was some difference between HIV-1 B and HIV-1 C at single-peptide level.

Aim To evaluate retrospectively the effect of genetic polymorphisms in CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics during the early period in renal transplant patients.Methods Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed to genotype for CYP3A4*18B and CYP3A5*3.Cyclosporine whole blood levels were measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay.Results The frequencies of CYP3A4*18B and CYP3A5*3 variant alleles were 0.235(95 CI:0.235~ 0.241)and 0.770(95 CI:0.767~0.773),respectively in 63 of renal transplantation patients, and these alleles exhibited incomplete linkage disequilibrium. The median (range) value of cyclosporine dose adjusted blood trough concentrations (C0/D) and C0 in CYP3A4*1/*1 genotype patients was higher than that in CYP3A4*1/*18B and CYP3A*18B/*18B patients, the same result was found in CYP3A5 expression (CYP3A5*3/*1 and CYP3A5*1/*3) (P

Objective To find out the changes of endothelial cell function and coagulation-fibrinolysis system in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)patients with diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods The plasma levels of TM,PAI-1,TAT and PAP in 28 DN-MHD,34 non-DN MHD and 40 controls were measured by ELISA.Results (1)The levels of TM,PAI-1,TAT and PAP in both DN group and non-DN group were significantly higher than those in control group,P

Objective To investigate the clinical and endoscopic features of ischemic colitis (IC),to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods A retrospective analysis of 62 inpatients who were diag-nosed as IC was performed.The patients'clinical data,clinical manifestations,complications,laboratory tests,imaging tests,colonoscopy,pathology,diagnosis,treatment,follow -up and other information were analyzed.Results Of 62 patients,there were 1 7 males and 45 females,mean age was (66.1 ±1 0.7)years old,more than 60 years of age there were 47 cases (75.81 %),of which 38 cases (61 .29%)showed the presence of one or more underlying disea-ses.All patients had acute onset,57 cases (91 .94%)had abdominal pain,bloody stools occurred in 56 cases (90.32%).Colonoscopy revealed 60 cases as a transient type,2 cases of stenosis,no gangrene type,lesions were mainly left colon.All patients were given fasting,anti -infection,microcirculation improvement and intravenous nutri-tional support,with no serious complications or transfer surgery occurred,colonoscopy was reviewed 4 -8weeks, 62 cases were healing or had improvement,2 patients in the 3 -year observation period was readmitted attack,the recurrence rate was 3.23%.Conclusion Ischemic colitis is more common in older people,to strengthen the aware-ness and vigilance of the disease,early diagnosis based on colonoscopy as a primary diagnostic modality and prompt treatment has positive significance.

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological features and rational treatment of primary fallopian tube cancer(PFTC).Methods The clinical and pathological data of 39 patients with primary fallopian tube cancer from January 2006 to July 2016 in Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital University were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were 39 cases of undifferentiated carcinoma,including 1 case of undifferentiated and transitional cell carcinoma,37 cases of undifferentiated adenocarcinoma,or 29 cases of simple adenocarcinoma and 10 cases of mixed type.Among them,7 cases were treated with clear cell carcinoma,endometriosis in 2 cases,combined with transitional cell carcinoma in 1 case.Extra-pelvic metastases were the most common site of the omentum with 17 cases.The preoperative test CA125 was increased in 13 cases and 38 patients received postoperative chemotherapy.The 5-year overall survival rate of 39 patients was 51.3%.Univariate analysis showed that postoperative pathologic stage(Ⅰ~Ⅱ vs.Ⅲ,P<0.001),intraoperative residual lesion size(P<0.001),omentum metastasis(P<0.001),ovarian metastasis(P=0.034),retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis(P=0.018)and preoperative CA125 elevation(P=0.002)were associated with prognosis,while age(P=0.310)and pathological grade(P=0.663)were not associated with prognosis.Multivariate analysis showed that the number of patients with postoperative lymph node metastasis(P=0.018)and preoperative CA125 elevation(P=0.002)were correlated with prognosis(HR=1.202,95% CI:2.354~63.290,P=0.003) and pathological stage(HR=3.810,95% CI:1.202~12.079,P=0.023).They were associated with prognosis as independent prognostic factors.Conclusion Tumor pathologic staging and omentum metastasis are important prognostic factors influencing the prognosis of patients with primary fallopian tube cancer.Early diagnosis and complete operation can improve the prognosis of patients.

The influence of temperature, chloride ions and sulfide ions on the anticorrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel in simulated cooling water was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and anodic polarization curves. The results show that the film resistance increases with the solution temperature but decreases after 8 days' immersion, which indicates that the film formed at higher temperature has inferior anticorrosion behavior; Chloride ions and sulfide ions have remarkable effects on the electrochemical property of 316L stainless steel in simulated cooling water and the pitting potential declines with the concentration of chloride ions; the passivation current has no obvious effect; the rise of the concentration of sulfide ions obviously increases the passivation current, but the pitting potential changes little, which indicates that the two types of ions may have different effects on destructing passive film of stainless steel. The critical concentration of chloride ions causing anodic potential curve's change in simulated cooling water is 250 mg/L for 316 L stainless. The effect of sulfide ions on the corrosion resistance behavior of stainless steel is increasing the passivation current density Ip. The addition of 6mg/L sulfide ions to the solution makes Ip of 316 L increase by 0.5 times.

Aims To observe the influences of met-formin ( MET ) on the expression of renal tissue ad-vanced glyclation end-products( AGEs) protein and its receptor mRNA ( RAGE mRNA ) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model rats, and to discuss the mech-anism of the MET in the treatment of diabetic nephrop-athy ( DN ) . Methods The rat model of T2 DM was established by fed with high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of low-dose of streptozotocin ( STZ ) . All rats were randomly divided into metformin group( MET,300 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 ) , glyburide group( GLY,5 mg·kg-1 ·d-1),T2DM model group(T2DM) and normal con-trol group ( NC ) . After 8 weeks ’ observation, blood glucose ( BG ) , glycated hemoglobin ( HbA1 c ) , blood urea nitrogen(BUN), urinary albumin,urinary AGEs and urine creatinine were detected. The expression of renal tissue AGEs was detected by immunohistochemis-try assay, and the expression of RAGE mRNA was measured by real-time PCR. Results The levels of BG, HbA1c , urinary albumin/urine creatinine ( UACR ) , glomerular basement membrane thickness ( GBMT ) in MET group and GLY group were signifi-cantly lower than those of T2DM group, while higher than those of NC group(P<0. 05), the levels of BG, FINS and HbA1 c were not statistically significant be-tween MET and GLY group ( P >0. 05 ) . The urinary AGEs/urine creatinine( UGCR) , the expressions of re-nal tissue AGEs and RAGE mRNA in MET group and GLY group were significantly decreased compared with those of T2 DM group ( P < 0. 05 ) , but higher than those of NC group ( P <0. 05 ) . The UGCR, the ex-pressions of AGEs and RAGE mRNA in MET group were lower than those of GLY group(P<0. 05). Con-clusion MET can reduce the accumulation of AGEs in the renal tissue,and down-regulate the over-expres-sion of RAGE mRNA in T2DM rats.

Plant growth retardant as one of plant growth regulator can inhibit the cell division, elongation and growth rate in shoot apical meristem (SAM), which can be reversed by gibberellin regulate the product of photosynthesis transfer to the root and rhizome part. As commonly used plant growth retardant, paclobutrazol, uniconazole, chlorocholine chloride, mepiquat chloride, choline chloride and daminozide are used to promote the growth of root and rhizome, call as "zhuanggenling", "pengdasu", "pengdaji" etc. Single or recombination of plant growth regulator is registered as pesticide, and called as pesticide "zhuanggenling" in this paper. Growth regulator which registered as a foliar fertilizer or fertilization was called agricultural fertilizer "zhuanggenling" in this paper. The author investigate the usage of "zhuanggenling" in the root and rhizome of medicinal plants cultivation from 2012 to 2014 in Sichuan province, Huangyuan town, Mianyang (Ophiopogonis Radix); Pengzhou Aoping town (Chuanxiong Rhizoma); Pengshan Xiejia town (Alismatis Rhizoma); Jiangyou Taiping town and Zhangming town (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata); Yunnan Wenshan (Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma); Henan province, Wuzhidafeng Town (Rehmanniae Radix, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, Dioscoreae Rhizoma); Gansu Min county (Codonopsis Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix); Gansu Li county (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma). The result showed that "zhuanggenling" were applied in the most medicinal plant cultivation except Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. It has been applied widespreadly in Ophiopogonis Radix, Alismatis Rhizoma, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, Codonopsis Radix; Rehmanniae Radix, commonly in Angelicae Sinensis Radix application, and occasionally in Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Dioscoreae Rhizoma. In 53 collected sample from plantation areas, fifteen (28%) were pesticide "zhuanggenling", thirty-eight (72%) were pesticide "zhuanggenling". UPLC analysis results showed that 38 farmers fertilizer "zhuanggenling" content of 6 kinds of plant growth retardant. It is regarded that fertilizer "zhuanggenling" was dominant in medicinal plant cultivation, and that the plant growth retardant is added widespreadly in farm fertilizer "zhuanggenling". All evidence proves conclusively that "zhuanggenling" have been used in the proper way, whereas some others have been misused or even abused in the use regarding to type, number, use frequency. The root or rhizoma are increased to 20%-200%. But there is lack of evaluation to appraise the quality of medicinal materials from the aspects of research or industry. "zhuanggenling" has become a important Chemical control material besides fertilizer, insecticidal sterilization of pesticide
China ; Fertilizers ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development

Objective To judge the effect by understanding the change of the blood related indexes before and after the applica-tion of lamivudine combined with silibinin treatment for treating E antigen positive chronic hepatitis B to provide the basis for the individualized therapy.Methods 226 cases of E antigen positive chronic hepatitis B were selected and divided into the mild group (55 cases),moderate group (94 cases)and severe group(77 cases)according to the degree of liver function injury.The 3 groups were given oral lamivudine 100 mg once daily and oral silybinin 70mg,3 times a day.The course of treatment was 6 months;the re-lated blood indexes before and after treatment were analyzed.Results After 6 months of treatment,the recovery rate of ALT,E an-tigen negative conversion rate and HBV-DNA negative conversion rate in the mild group and the moderate group were improved in different degrees,and those in the severe group were significantly increased(P <0.05).Conclusion Lamivudine combined with sili-binin treatment can inhibit the replication of HBV-DNA more effectively,promote the recovery rate of serum ALT significantly,im-prove the E antigen negative conversion rate,especially for the patients with severe liver function injury;which improve the curative effect in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in some extent.

Objective:To analyze the intervention effect of a successfully created platform“intelligent interactive software for drug monitoring warning” on the decrease of medication errors and adverse drug events,and the increase of the drug treatment level. Meth-ods:The intensive care unit ( ICU) of our hospital was selected as the experiment group, and the ICU of the other two hospitals was used as the contrast group. During the first 18 months, both groups were without intervention. During the latter 18 months, the plat-form was used in the experiment group, and the clinical pharmacists employed alerts of the system in the practice of interaction with doctors to correct the medication errors. No intervention was performed in the contrast group. In addition, all adverse drug events in both groups were surveyed. Results:During the first period, 50 preventable adverse drug events were discovered with the incidence of 6. 8% in the experimental group. During the second period, the correct rate of the alerts was 97. 7%. Through the effective interven-tion,the alerts and their percentage in the prescriptions were from the maximum of 68 and 1. 1% to the minimum of 6 and 0. 1%. To-tally 17 preventable adverse drug events were found with the incidence of 2. 4% after the intervention. The decline was significant, 848 991 yuan of hospitalization expenses was saved, and 294 days of the length of stay were shortened. There was no change in the contrast group, and there was no change in unpreventable adverse drug events in the two groups before and after the intervention. Conclusion:The intelligent interactive software for drug monitoring warning can examine many sorts of medication errors,and decline the inci-dence rate of preventable adverse drug events in ICU. However, it needs to continuously improve the intelligence. Clinical pharmacists need to master the relevant conditions of patients to detect the irrational drug use based on the clinical practice for each patient.