Antihistamines,a group of drugs most commonly used for the treatment of allergic diseases in dermatology,exert favorable efficacy and are well tolerated in most people.Due to their wide application,the safety of medication is particularly important.When they are used in some special populations with allergic diseases,such as children,pregnant and lactating women,the elderly and people with hepatic or renal insufficiency,their pharmacodynamics,metabolic characteristics and interactions with other drugs should be fully considered,and profits of medication and potential adverse effects should be well weighed before choosing relatively safe antihistamines.In addition,decreasing the routine dose or prolonging intervals between the administration of antihistamines may also be attempted to achieve maximum safety.

As important adhesion molecule on cell surface,integrin is a kind of important receptor family. It′s im- portant role is to mediate intercellular adhesion and adhesion between cells and extracellular matrix,also regulate proliferation,differentiation,migration of cells and tissue remodeling,and plays an important role in maintaining cellular form and growth.The present article made a short review about research progress of integrin β1 effect in cardiovascular diseases in recent years.

Objective:To evaluate the preventing effects of 4 anti-caries preparations on enamel demineralization in fixed appliance orthodontic treatment.Methods:200 patients treated with fixed appliance were included and randomly divided into 4 groups (n =50),the teeth were treated with fluoride-containing toothpaste,fluoride varnish,fluoride free toothpaste and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phoaphate(CPP-ACP) respectively.The enamel decalcification incidence was calculated after orthodontic treatment.Results:The incidence of enamel decalcification calculated by tooth number was 16.3％ in fluoride-containing toothpaste group,9.3％ in fluoride varnish group,21.9％ in fluoride free toothpaste and 8.5％ in CPP-ACP group(among groups,P ＜0.05;between CPP-ACP and fluoride varnish,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion:Fluoride containing preparation can prevent the enamel demineralization during the fixed appliance orthodontic treatment,CPP-ACP and fluoride varnish are more effective.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate clinical efficacy and safety of different dosages of bromocriptine in the treatment pro-lactinoma,and its effects on serum prolactin(PRL)and tumor volume. METHODS:A total of 60 patients with prolactinoma were selected from our hospital during Jan.-Dec. 2015 as research objects,and then divided into group A and B according to random number table,with 30 cases in each group. Both groups were given Bromocriptine mesilate tablets orally during meal. Group A was given medicine with initial dose of 2.5 mg/d,increasing to 3.75 mg/d 3 d later,increasing by 2.5 mg every week after 2-3 d,and then recovering to 3.75 mg/d till serum PRL level had been controlled. Group B was given medicine with initial dose of 1.25 mg/d, increasing to 2.5 mg/d 3 d later,increasing by 1.25-2.5 mg every week after 2-3 d,and then recovering to 2.5 mg/d till serum PRL level recovered to normal. Both groups were treated for consecutive 3 months. Clinical efficacies as well as serum level of PRL and tumor size were observed in 2 groups,and the occurrence of ADR was recorded. RESULTS:The total response rate of group A (83.33％) was higher than that of group B (66.67％),without statistical significance (P>0.05). Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in serum level of PRL and tumor size between 2 groups (P>0.05). After 1,2 months of treatment,serum levels of PRL in 2 groups were decreased significantly,and the group A was significantly lower than the group B,with statistical significance(P<0.05). After 3 months of treatment,serum levels of PRL in 2 groups were decreased significantly compared to be-fore treatment,but there was no statistical significance between 2 groups(P>0.05). After treatment,tumor size of 2 groups were decreased significantly,and large adenoma and giant adenoma size in group A were significantly smaller than group B,with statisti-cal significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in microadenoma size between group A and B(P>0.05). The inci-dence of ADR in group A(12 cases,40.00％)was significantly higher than group B(5 cases,16.67％),with statistical signifi-cance(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Increasing dosages of bromocriptine no significant influence on therapeutic effect of prolactino-ma,but it can shorten the time of serum PRL level back to normal,and reduce the tumor size. The incidence of adverse reactions in-crease with the dosage.

Partial immunoactivities of peptidoglycan(PG)isolated from lactic acid bacteria were investigated.PG isolated from strain Z8 and Z17 of lactic acid bacteria respectively,had similar immunoactivities.The phagocytic function of M?(macrophage)increased markedly and serum lysozyme activity was significantly enhanced by injection of PG-extracts on mice.Investigation of immuno-enhancing effects of PG on vaccine of Newcastle disease in chickens showed that the hemagglutination inhibition levels of PG were higher than that of the control and the level was maintained for a longer time as compared to the control.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is one of the common chronic complications of diabetes, and TCM has unique advantages in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The article summarized the experimental research progress in the TCM intervention in treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in recent years from the aspects of oxidative stress, metabolic disorders, neurological nutrition factor and neural microvascular dysfunction, with a purpose to provide better efficacy in clinical treatment.

BACKGROUND:More and more evidence have shown that autoimmune-induced inflammatory demyelinating mostly leads to optic neuritis that is quite an early manifestation of multiple sclerosis, but whether the pathogenesis of optic neuritis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice is correlated with helper T cellsubsets has rarely been reported.
OBJECTIVE:To analyze the correlation between pathogenesis of optic neuritis of mouse EAE model with helper T cellsubsets.
METHODS:The mice were injected intraperitoneal y Bordetel a pertussis to establish EAE models. Then, the animal models were subjected to immunization for 11, 15, 19 days, respectively. Mice undergoing intraperitoneal injection of normal saline served as controls (adjuvant group).
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the adjuvant group, the protein expression of interleukin 4 in the optic nerve decreased in the 19-day immunization group (P<0.05);the protein expression of interleukin 17 in the optic nerve increased in the 11-and 15-day immunization groups (P<0.05);the protein expression of interferonγin the optic nerve increased in the 15-and 19-day immunization groups (P<0.05);the protein expression of Foxp3 in the optic nerve decreased in the 11-, 15-and 19-day immunization groups (P<0.05). Real-time PCR results showed that compared with the adjuvant group, the mRNA expression of interferonγand Foxp3 in the optic nerve decreased (P<0.05), while mRNA expression of RORt increased in the 11-, 15-and 19-day immunization groups;the mRNA expression of interleukin 4, interleukin 17, T-beat increased in the 15-and 19-day immunization groups (P<0.05);the mRNA expression of GATA3 reduced in the 19-day immunization group (P<0.05). These results reveal that Foxp3 expression and helper T cellreduction have important influences on the development of optic neuritis in EAE mouse models, interleukin 17 may mediates inflammatory injury in the early stage, while interferon-γmakes inflammatory injury worse in the peak incidence of the disease.

Objective To investigate the clinical choice on graft size and the type of donor's hepatectomy in adult living related partial liver transplantation. Methods The literatures in recent years on the donor's evaluation, the size of liver grafts, the types of donor hepatectomy and safety of donor in adult living related partial liver transplantation were reviewed.Results The size of liver graft is a crucial factor related to the safety of donor and the prognosis of the recipient. GW/ESLW≥30%, GW/BW≥0.8% may be the lowest limits. Left lobe contained middle hepatic vein, extended left lobe with left-side caudle lobe, right lobe or extended right lobe contained middle hepatic vein may be the practical choice.Conclusion It is important to make a reasonable choice of liver graft according to the estimation of GW/ESLW or GW/BW, and the anatomy of liver in adult living related partial liver transplantation.

Objective To explore the previous and current status of hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in teachers of the primary and middle high schools of Wuhu city. Methods 2 026 teachers aged 30~85 yrs were cluster sampled from 10 primary and 10 middle high schools in WuHu city. They were investigated on their previous examination of blood pressure, blood glucose & lipids, and current prevalence of hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Results The previous detection rates of the blood pressure, blood glucose and the blood lipid were 65.24%, 35.21% and 37.84%, respectively. The female previous detection rate of blood glucose and lipids was significant higher than those of the male (?2=4.42,P=0.035;?2=5.42, P=0.020). The result of trends test showed that detection rates were increased with the age increasing. The prevalence of hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia were 21.39%, 3.21% and 37.90%, respectively, among the participations without previous detection for the blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipid, the hypertension prevalence was significant difference between the male and female participations (26.29% vs 18.68%; ?2=5.58, P=0.018). The medication compliance rate of the hypertensions, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia were 70.75%, 70.74% and 15.18% and the control rates were 47.04%, 72.22% and 5.85%. Concludes It is important to strengthen the detection of the blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipid in community population in order to prevent and control the cardiovascular diseases.

Objective To investigate the DNA typing, observe relationship between DNA fingerprinting patterns and serotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans, and find a suitable genotyping standard for Cryptococcus neoformans. Methods Three primers, including CN 1(GTG) 5, CN 2(GACA) 4 and CN 3(GATA) 4, were used to distinguish variations among strains of C.neoformans. Results The distinguishable fingerprinting bands for serotype of C.neoformans were yielded by primer CN 2. Using this primer, of 24 clinical and environmental isolates of serotype A of C.neoformans and 8 standard strains investigated by PCR, 20 strains produced complete identical fingerprinting patterns, the other 4 strains had different fingerprinting patterns. 2 strains of serotype B and C yielded indistinguishable fingerprinting patterns. Conclusions ①The majority of strains of serotype A had similar and stable fingerprinting patterns. ②Some strains of serotype B and C had an indistinguishable fingerprinting patterns. ③The same serotype strains from different sources may produce different DNA fingerprinting patterns. ④The DNA fingerprinting is a rapid, simple and feasible method for identifying Cryptococcus neoformans.