The relationship between probiotics and host intestinal immune system was reviewed. Then, as a new immunomodulator, the mechanisms and clinical uses of probiotics were discussed.

Objective To investigate the prognostic value of National Early Warning Scores (NEWS) combined with arterial lactate level in elderly patients with critical illness in emergency department.Methods A total of 413 elderly patients with critical illness randomly (random number) selected from resuscitation room in emergency department from September 2013 to July 2015 were enrolled in this study.NEWS system was employed to determine the patients' condition.Arterial lactate level was detected.The patients were followed for the 30-day death by telephone calls and patients were divided into survival group and death group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were used to evaluate the prognostic values of NEWS score,arterial lactate level,and NEWS score combined with arterial lactate level in patients without survival.Results There were significant differences in NEWS score and arterial lactate level between the death group and the survival group.The results of multiple factor regression showed that NEWS score,arterial lactate level,and NEWS score combined with arterial lactate level were all independent predictors of 30-day death (P ＜ 0.05,OR ＞ 1).The AUCs of the three evaluation modalities were 0.721,0.746 and 0.762,respectively.There was a significant difference in the area under the ROC curve between NEWS score and NEWS score combined with arterial lactate level.The optimal cut-off point of NEWS score was 7,and arterial lactate level was 2.7 mmol/L.Conclusions NEWS score,arterial lactate level,and NEWS score combined with arterial lactate level were independent predictors of 30-day death in elderly patients with critical illness in emergency department.They all had some predictive value,and NEWS score combined with arterial lactate level had higher capability to predict 30-day death in elderly patients with critical illness in emergency department than NEWS score alone.

Objective To culture human pituitary adenoma cells to provide some useful experimental foundations to practice pituitary adenoma cells as donor cells in the extracranial implantation. Methods Human pituitary adenoma cells obtained by operation were cultured in vitro, and their growth state was dynamically observed. Immunohistochemical staining and RIA were used to evaluate their functional status. Results The cultured pituitary adenoma cells still had secretory function in vitro. 6 cases of GH adenoma cells secreted a large amount of GH, 5 cases of PRL adenoma cells secreted a large amount of PRL, and 3 cases of pituitary adenoma cells without function could also secrete a small quantity of FSH, LH and PRL. Conclusion 14 cases of cultured human pituitary adenoma cells had secretory function in vitro, which provides the useful experimental data to perform extracranial implantation with pituitary adenoma cells as donor cells.

Purpose:To study the significance of resecting the lymph nodes adjacent to the recurrent laryngeal nerve in the operation on cNo thyroid papillary carcinoma,and its value inselecting the fashion of operation .Methods:Reviewing the clinical-pathological material of 186 cases of cNo thyroid papillarycary cinoma,and analyzing the relationship between lymph nodes adjacent to the recurrent laryngeal nerve and lateral cervical nodes metastasis. Results:Of 186 cases of cNo thyroid papillary cacinoma,there were 42.5% (79/186) with metastatic lymph nodes adjacent to the recurrent laryngeal nerve,63.2% of which had lateral cervical nodes or distant metastasis,while only 8 cases had metastasis in the negative group. Conclusions:The thyroid papillary carcinoma with metastatic nodes adjacent to the recurrent laryngeal nerve means there is a higher chance of metastasis in regions of the neck. Resecting the lymph nodes adjacent to the recurrent laryngeal nerve and frozed pathological examination can be a basis to determine whether redical neck dissection should be performed.

Globozoospermia is a rare and serious teratozoospermia, which is one of the important causes contributing to human male infertility. The assisted reproductive technique remains the only means for such patients to produce offspring. However, the pathogenesis of globozoospermia is not yet clear. In recent years, related studies have shown that some genes are connected with the onset of globozoospermia. This paper outlines the progress in the studies of pathogenicity genes, aiming to contribute to the molecular diagnosis and mechanism investigation of the disease.
Humans ; Infertility, Male ; genetics ; therapy ; Male ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Sperm Head ; Spermatozoa ; abnormalities

Objective To study the antibacterial effect of Shenju lotion in vitro. Methods The diameter of inhibition zone was determined by paper-disc agar-diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration ( MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration ( MBC ) was determined by culture medium dilution methodand agar medium plate method, respectively. Antibacterial effect was compared between Shenju lotion and city sale of the gynecological lotion. Results Inhibitory effects of Shenju lotion on 5 pathogenic strains were significantly better than that of city sale of the gynecological lotion at the same concentrations (P<0. 05). MIC of Shenju lotion on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans was 33. 75, 67. 5, 67. 5, 67. 5 and 33. 75 mg ·mL-1 , respectively. MBC of Shenju lotion on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans was 33. 75, 67. 5, 67. 5, 135 and 33. 75 mg ·mL-1 , respectively. Conclusion Shenju lotion has obvious bacteriostasis and sterilization effect.

Objective To investigate the function of acid pocket in reflux esophagitis. Methods The 15 healthy controls and 24 reflux esophagitis patients were identified by reflux disease questionnaire (RDQ) and gastric endoscopy. The location of subjects' lower esophageal sphincter (LES) was determined by 4 channel esophageal manometry system. Then a single-channel pH electrode was positioned 1 cm below the distal border of the LES to monitor fasting pH for half an hour. After a standard meal, the pH was continuously measured for two hours. Then the electrode was moved to 5 cm above the proximal border of the LES to monitor the dynamic pH for 24 h.Results Acid pocket was found in 16 cases of reflux esophagitis patients(66.67%) and 10 cases of healthy individuals (10/15). Acid pocket occurred earlier in reflux esophagitis group than healthy controls [11.00(4.25-17.00) min vs 30.00(15.50-54.25) min, P＜0.05], and the average pH value was lower [1.84(1.59-2. 19) vs 2.32 (1.96-2.71), P＜0.05]. There was no statistic difference in mean pH value of gastroesophageal junction and the duration of acid pocket before the meal.Conclusion There is abnormal acid reflux in reflux esophagitis patients, and acid pocket with earlier occurrence and lower pH value may relevant to esophageal mucosal impairment.

In order to improve the metabolism yield of cordycepin and adenosine,we studied nitrogen sources ,the levels of nitrogen sources and carbon sources,dynamic development in liquid culture ,as well as the total yield of cordycepin and adenosine in culture system through determining the contents of cordycepin and adenosine by HPLC .The results are as follows: not only animal protein but also some plant protein is very good nitrogen sources; in culture solution the suitable levels of nitrogen sources and carbon sources is respectively 3% and 4%; the content of adenosine in culture solution is very low, while it is quite high in mycelia; it is much higher that the total yield of cordycepin in culture solution than in mycelia; when the culture system is oscillated and cultured after 7~9 days, the total yield of cordycepin and adenosine are both high.

Partial immunoactivities of peptidoglycan(PG)isolated from lactic acid bacteria were investigated.PG isolated from strain Z8 and Z17 of lactic acid bacteria respectively,had similar immunoactivities.The phagocytic function of M?(macrophage)increased markedly and serum lysozyme activity was significantly enhanced by injection of PG-extracts on mice.Investigation of immuno-enhancing effects of PG on vaccine of Newcastle disease in chickens showed that the hemagglutination inhibition levels of PG were higher than that of the control and the level was maintained for a longer time as compared to the control.

AIM:To establish the murine model of oxygen induced retinopathy ( OIR) and to evaluate the inhibition of retinal neovascularization by erythropoietin ( EPO) blockade.
METHODS: Neonates of C57BL/6 mouse ( P7 ) were exposed to 75%±2% oxygen for 5d and return to normal air environment when 12d ( P12 ) to establish oxygen-induced retinal neovascularization model. The neonates were divided into groups, injected with 0. 5μL solution containing 25ng ( group A), 50ng ( group B), 250ng ( group C) of soluble erythropoietin receptor ( EPO-R) or PBS (group D) at P12, P14 and P16 in the right eye. On P17, the litters were sacrificed and their right eyes were enucleated and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, made pathological section. The number of breakthrough internal limiting membrane neovascular nuclei was counted with pathological retinal morphology, understanding theproliferative degree of retinal neovascularization.
RESULTS: The pathological sections showed the neovascular cell nuclei which penetrating the inner limiting membrane in intravitreal EPO receptor injection group was reduced statistically than that in PBS injection group, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). And, neovascular nuclei count differences in the
various concentrations of EPO receptor group was statistically significant (P<0. 01). With the EPO receptor concentration increase, neovascular endothelial cells broken through the internal limiting membrane was reduced.
CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of soluble EPO receptor can block EPO and improve neovascularization. The new method is expected to become new treatment of ocular neovascular diseases.