OBJECTIVE To investigate the antimicrobial-resistant profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens. METHODS The isolates of S.aureus were obtained from all kinds of clinical specimens by routine methods.The identification and susceptibility test of the isolates were determined by Automated Microbiology Analyzer.Disk-diffusion was used for detecting meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA). RESULTS The isolates were mainly isolated from sputa and urines.62.1% of isolates were referred as MRSA.All isolates of MRSA were resistant to ampicillin/sulbactam,penicillin G and cefazolin.No isolates of MSSA were resistant to above drugs.All isolates were susceptible to nitrofurantoin and vancomycin.The resistant rates of the isolates of MRSA to clindamycin,erythromycin,gentamicin,tetracycline,rifampin,sulfamethoxazole and levofloxacin were 70.7%,86.6%,87.8%,82.9%,42.7%,30.5% and 91.5%,respectively,those of MSSA were 31.3%,41.7%,20.8%,20.8%,10.4%,29.2% and 6.3%. CONCLUSIONS The antimicrobial resistance of MRSA is serious,but the antibiotics have high activity to the isolates of MSSA except penicillin G in vitro.Vancomycin has very high activity to the isolates of MRSA in vitro.

Objective To investigate the hand washing state and its influencing factors in patients undergoing infusion in outpatient clinic in order to adopt measures to enhance the patients' consciousness of hand hygiene. Methods 300 adult patients undergoing infusion in outpatient clinic were investigated.The bacteria condition before and after washing hands was observed. The condition and washing apparatus in the infusion room were also evaluated. Results The bacteria amount in the hands of patients undergoing infusion was 20 to 36 times higher than the standard level. The washing apparatus was simple and did not reach the standard requirement. Conclusion We should strengthen the propaganda of hand hygiene knowledge to patients undergoing infusion and improve their recognition of the importance of hand washing. The hospital should improve the washing facilities to reduce hospital infeciton.

Ultrasound, as a mechanical wave with frequencies > 20 kHz, needs an elastic medium to transmit energy, and it can safely penetrate into the tissues without significant attenuation. Sonodynamic therapy is a new noninvasive therapy based on ultrasound, and it mainly uses low-intensity ultrasound to activate sonosensitizers to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species to kill cells. Compared with photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy overcomes the limitation of low penetration depth of light for deep tumors. In addition, sonodynamic therapy can be combined with photothermal therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and gas therapy for synergistic therapy of tumors. This review aims to discuss the latest development of sonodynamic therapy in the field of tumor treatment.

Animals ; Autophagy ; Coronaviridae ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; physiology ; Coronaviridae Infections ; physiopathology ; virology ; Humans ; Virus Replication

Base Sequence ; Hepacivirus ; drug effects ; genetics ; Hepatitis C ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotides ; therapeutic use ; Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides ; therapeutic use

In addition to the structural genes of the coronavirus genome, S, E, M, and N, there are several additional genes called "group-specific or accessory genes". Their gene products are designated as "accessory proteins", as reports to date make it clear that these proteins are not essential for virus replication in vitro. Nevertheless, many of these genes are still maintained in the virus genome under selective pressure, suggesting that they might play a very important role in the survival of the virus in the natural environment of the infected host. This review will summarize the research progress in the functions of coronavirus accessory genes.
Animals ; Coronavirus ; genetics ; metabolism ; Coronavirus Infections ; virology ; Humans ; Open Reading Frames ; Viral Proteins ; metabolism

Objective: There is controversy about the prognostic factors for early stage Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). The aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic factors for HL at early stage. Methods: The clinical data from 188 patients were analyzed retrospectively. One hundred patients (53.2%) received radiotherapy (RT) alone and 88 cases (46.8%) received combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The 5-year and 10-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were estimated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with log-rank test. The prognostic factors were determined by COX proportional hazards model. Results: The 5-year and 10-year OS rates were 84.5% and 76.3% for patients who received radiotherapy alone, respectively; they were 96.2% and 96.2% for those patients who received combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy, respectively (P = 0.340). The 5-year and 10-year DFS rates were 84.7% and 76.9% for patients who received radiotherapy alone, respectively; they were 93.4% and 71.8% for patients who received combined therapy, respectively (P = 0.015). Univariate analysis indicated that tumor size and patients' age (with the cut-off of 40 years old) were the prognostic factors for predicting OS (P = 0.002 and 0.001) and DFS rate (P = 0.033 and 0.019). The pathological type had marginal significance in predicting OS rate (P = 0.072) and B symptoms had marginal significance in predicting DFS rate (P = 0.072). Multivariate analysis indicated that five factors including age (P =0.022), gender (P = 0.036), tumor size (P = 0.024), the drainage areas of involved lymph nodes (with the cut-off of 3 areas) (P = 0.060), and clinical stage (P = 0.028) had significance or marginal significance for predicting HL. Conclusion: Being more than 40 years old, male, clinical stage II, bulky disease, and the number of involved mediastinum and lymph node regions ≥3 are the independent prognostic factors for patients with early HL.

Objective To explore the changes of bone metabolic markers during early stage of preterm infants, as well as the relationship with their nutrition status. Methods Preterm infants with gestational age 30-35 weeks admitted to our Hospital were collected from November 2012 to April 2013. Venous blood samples obtained within 24 hours after birth and between 8:00-9:00 AM two weeks after birth were used to determine the Serum β-CTx, osteocalcin ( OC) and propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) levels by Electro-Chemiluminescence. Analysis of changes of these bone metabolic markers and their relationship with early stage nutrition related indicators were also performed. Results A total of 60 premature infants were collected. There was no significant correlation among serum β-CTx, OC and PINP within 24 hours after birth ( r=0. 170, P＞0. 05 ) . The Serum β-CTx within 24 hours after birth was negatively correlated with gestational age (r= -0. 603, P＜0. 05), whereas the serum OC within 24 hours after birth was positively correlated with gestational age ( r=0. 581, P＜0. 05 ) . However, PINP wasn′t correlated with gestational age significantly (r=0. 134,P＞0. 05). Serumβ-CTx, OC and PINP at 2 weeks after birth increased significantly from the baseline level detected within 24 hours after birth ( P＜0. 05 ) .Δβ-CTx was positively correlated with ΔOC (r=0. 600,P＜0. 05). There was no significant correlation between ΔPINP and Δβ-CTx (r=0. 045,P＞0. 05), as well as ΔOC and ΔPINP (r=0. 110,P＞0. 05).ΔOC was positively correlated with average daily calorie ( P＜0. 05 ) and average daily P/E ( P＜0. 05 ) , negatively correlated with cumulative loss of caloric ( P＜0. 05 ) . There was no significant correlation between Δβ-CTx or ΔPINP with nutrition related indicators of this study. Conclusions Serum OC within 24 hours after birth of preterm infants and their gestational age are positively correlated, while β-CTx detected at the same time and gestational age are negatively correlated. Vigorous metabolism of premature bone occurs during the first two weeks after birth, as the serum β-CTx, OC and PINP levels increased significantly. We suggest that reasonable calorie intake and appropriate protein calorie ratio at early stage after birth is very important for the development of bone of preterm infants.

Objective To evaluate the potential utility of temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TTGE) in detecting homoplasmic and heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations in patients with cancers. Methods The entire mtDNA of tumor and corresponding normal tissues from total 117 patients were amplified by PCR, and the somatic mutations were screened by TTGE. DNA fragments showing different band patterns in normal and tumor tissues in TTGE were sequened to identify the exact mutations. Results 160 fragments harbouring mtDNA mutations were found by TTGE in total 3 654 fragments. Compared with the direct squencing results, the sensitivity and specificity of TTGE in mutation detection were 96.27% and 94.05% respectively. Conclusion TTGE is an effective method for screening acquired homoplasmic mitochondrial gene mutation and its different percentage.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of matrine,linarin,berberine hydrochloride and osthole in Shenju lotion. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Dionex C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrle-0.1% triethylamine(pH was adjusted to 7.2 with phosphoric)(gradient elution)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 210 nm,column temperature was 30 ℃,and injection volume was 20 μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 1.400-8.400 μg for matrine (r=0.999 4),0.152-0.912 μg for linarin (r=0.999 6),0.248-1.488 μg for berberine hydrochloride (r=0.999 9) and 0.128-0.768 μg for osthole (r=0.999 4);limit of quantitation was 84.85,3.15,15.03,7.76 ng,limit of detection was 24.13, 0.89,4.27,2.20 ng;RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2%;recoveries were 96.29%-99.06%(RSD=1.10%,n=9),96.49%-98.27%(RSD=0.69%,n=9),99.26%-101.13%(RSD=0.62%,n=9) and 96.27%-98.64%(RSD=0.89%,n=9). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate and reproducible,and can be used for the simultaneous determination of matrine,linarin,berberine hydrochloride and osthole in Shenju lotion.