For the purpose of determining the time of death,the life history (the growth and development) and the sum of effective temperature of Lucilia Sericata were studied under the ordinary temperature. On the bases of the growth and development of the fly ,we have established three linear regression equations between the sum of effective temperature and the length of larvae or weigth pupa of Lucilia Sericata (K 1=2 0880+0 8014X 1、K 2=54 0917-2 8814X 2、K 3=133 2180-2 6312X 3).These linear regression equations provide a reliable,scientific method for estimating the time of death in forensic medicine practice.

There were 48 strains of bacilli obtained from 20 Chinese traditional medicines. Twenty-five strains had antagonistic effect against at least one of ten plant pathogens. Seven strains had antibiosis to more than four pathogens and the best strain had antibiosis to nine pathogens. After physiological and biochemical experiments,eight strains of 25 antagonistic bacilli were proved to be Bacillus subtilis,three were Bacillus cereus,one were Bacillus natto and one were Bacillus licheniformis. At the same time,two kinds of Chinese traditional medicines,which probably had antibacterial effect,were found.

Objective To construct plvx-cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)-DsRed and establish breast cancer cell line MCF7 which overexpressed COX-2, to explore the effect of COX-2 on breast cancer cell.Methods The full-length COX-2 PCR product was obtained by total COX-2 PCR primers and COX-2 cDNA vector.After the PCR product and lentiviral vector plvx-DsRed-Monomer-N1 were cut simultaneously by restriction enzyme BamH1 and Xholl, they were connected and sequenced, to get lentiviral vector plvx-COX-2-DsRed.After selected by puromycin, overexpressed COX-2 breast cancer cell line MCF7-plvx-COX-2-DsRed was obtained.The stable cell line was verified by real time PCR and Western blot.The differences of proliferation ability between stable cell line and normal one were compared by colony formation test and Western blot.Results The lentiviral vector plvx-COX-2-DsRed and stable cell line MCF7-plvx-COX-2-DsRed after selecting were obtained.COX-2 expression level of the stable cell line was 75.29 times as high as that of MCF7, and 64.91 times as high as that of cell line MCF7-plvx-DsRed-Monomer-N1 by PCR assay (P ＜ 0.05), which was consistent with the results of Western blot and microscope photo.MTT results showed that cell line MCF7-plvx-COX-2-DsRed had grown faster than cell line MCF7 and MCF7-plvx-DsRed-Monomer-N1 from the 2nd day (P ＜ 0.05), which was accordant with colony formation assay.MCF7-plvx-COX-2-DsRed cell line had higher c-myc expression and lower β-catenin expression than MCF7 cell and cell line MCF7-plvx-DsRed-Monomer-N1 detected by Western blot relative quantification (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The plvx-COX-2-DsRed lentiviral vector and cell line MCF7-plvx-COX-2-DsRed are successfully constructed.COX-2 can increase proliferation of MCF7 cells through up-regulating the expression of c-myc.

Objective To study the distribution of Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)scores in terms of age and educational level in Chinese residents aged 50 years and over and to offer a benchmark for a cutoff score.Methods A total of 281 residents aged 50 years or older was drawn randomly in the urban areas of Beijing,including 215 healthy elderly controls(NC)and 66 patients meeting the clinical criteria of mild cognitive impairment(MCI).The final scores for MoCA were given in the form of mean percentage distributions specific for age,sex and educational level so as to compare the validity of MMSE mini-mental state examination and MoCA in detecting MCI.By a fitting muhiple regression model the influenee of the factors on MMSE and MoCA was assessed.Results Using a cutoff score of 26.MMSE had a sensitivity of 24.2%to detect MCI.whereas MoCA detected 92.4%of the MCI subiects.We found a bivariate correlation between MoCA scores and both the factors of age and educational level(P＜0.001).Conclusions MoCA iS a brief cognitive screening tool with high sensitivity and specificity for detecting MCI as currently conceptualized in patients performing normally on MMSE.Our adiustment in the cutoff scores would improve the detection of MCI and Alzheimer'S disease by reducing the number of false negatives.MoCA scores should be used to identify current cognitive difficulties but not to make formal diagnoses.

Objective To study the association of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) (padi4_94 and padi4_104) genetic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility in Han population of Hebei province. Methods This hospital-based case-control study included 115 RA patients and 106 healthy controls. All the individuals were recruited from Han Hebei residents and were randomly selected. The genotype and allele frequencies of PADI4 gene polymorphisms (padi4_94 and padi4_104) were analyzed by PCR-DNA sequencing method. Results The distribution of padi4_94 and padi4_104 genotypes between the two groups was not significantly deviated from that expected by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). The combined effect of padi4_94 and padi4_104 SNPs was analyzed and three haplotypos (AA, AG and GG) were found but without GA haplotype. The genotype and allele distribution of padi4_94 and padi4_104 in the patients with RA was not significantly different from that in healthy controls,and the analysis of haplotypes revealed that no haplotypes were risk factors for RA. Conclusion In Han population of Hebei province, the SNPs of PADI4 (padi4_94 or/and padi4_104) is no associated with RA susceptibility. Therefore, it should not be regarded as a genetic risk factor for RA.

Objective To research the value of bed fiber bronchial microscope technology ha neurosurgical ICU. Methods 28 cases in neurosuxgical ICU who had received bed fiber bronchial microscope operations,including blood and vomit aspiration, bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum bolt clearance were retrospectively analyzed. Results 4 cases of blood and vomit aspiration was cleaned ha time,improvement of respiratory function,31 cases was sputum as- piration by bed fiber bronchial microscope and bronchoalveolax lavage, 31 cases was sputum collected by fiber bronchial microscope and positive rate is 100% ,4 cases of atelectasis was lung recruitment by fiber bronchial micro- scope sputum aspiration. Conclusion Bed fiber bronchial microscope technology can eliminate waste effectivdy, clean dust,there axe great value in treatment of neurosurgical ICU patients with respiratory diseases.

OBJECTIVE To find out the main commonly encountered pathogen and antibiotic resistance in hospital infection in Department of Neurosurgery. METHODS Clinic samples from Jun 2005 to Jun 2007 were collected and drug sensitive test was taken.RESULTS The most commonly encountered pathogens of infection were Gram-negative bacillI(83.1%),including Klebsiella pneumoniae(25.0%),Escherichia coli(19.1%),andAcinetobacter baumannii(10.3%). The three kinds of pathogens had heavy resistance to at least 8 kinds of antibiotics. The resistance rates to imipenem and ofloxacin were the lowest (6.8% and 32.4%). CONCLUSIONS The pathogens isolated from Departmentof Neurosurgery are Gram-negative bacilli which have multiple antibiotic resistance. The key prevention measures of infection are to control prophylatcic usage of the third generation cephalosporins,strengthen environmental microbial monitoring,hand sterilization and cleaning among the medical staff.

Objective To study the gene polymorphism at position padi4_94 in Chinese Han people of Hebei Province and the characters of distribution.Methods 106 healthy individuals and 115 rheumatoid arthritis patients in Hebei Province were randomly selected. Padi4_94 gene was screened by sequencing of the promotor. The correlations between the SNP site and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP) was discussed.Results There were three genotypes: AA, AG and GG in Chinese Han people of Hebei Province. No significant differences of gene frequency and allele gene frequency were found between healthy individuals and RA patients, and no correlation between SNP and the production of anti-CCP.Conclusions Hebei Province The gene polymorphisms at position padi4_94 existed in Chinese Han people of Hebei Province,but possibly would not affect RA susceptibility and the production of anti-CCP.

AIM: To explore the effect of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) apoptosis on the reversal of hypoxic pulmonary arterial remodeling during reoxygenation and its possible mechanism.METHODS: Male SD rats (n=24) were randomly divided into normoxia for 4 weeks group, hypoxia for 4 weeks group, reoxygenation for 1 week after hypoxia for 4 weeks group and reoxygenation for 6 weeks after hypoxia for 4 weeks group.Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), right ventricular hypertrophy index, pulmonary arterial medial thickness (MT) and medial area (MA) as well as autophagy and apoptosis in the pulmonary arterial medial layer were examined during hypoxia-reoxygenation.The rat primary PASMCs were divided into normoxia for 48 h group, hypoxia for 48 h group, reoxygenation for 24 h after hypoxia for 48 h group and normoxia for 72 h group to explore the changes of PASMC autophagy and apoptosis following hypoxia-reoxygenation.Finally, primary PASMCs were divided into normoxia for 72 h group, reoxygenation for 24 h after hypoxia for 48 h group and reoxygenation for 24 h after hypoxia for 48 h + chloroquine (inhibitor of autophagy) group to investigate the effect of PASMC autophagy during hypoxia on the apoptosis during reoxygenation.RESULTS: After hypoxia for 4 weeks, the RVSP, during right ventricular hypertrophy index, MT and MA increased significantly compared with normoxia group (P<0.05), and gradually decreased during reoxygenation.The expression of LC3 in the pulmonary arterial medial layer increased evidently after hypoxia and gradually reversed during reoxygenation.Moreover, the P62 and cleaved caspase-3 expression decreased after hypoxia compared with normoxia group, and increased markedly following reoxyge-nation.The expression of cleaved caspase-3/PARP in rat primary PASMCs decreased significantly under hypoxia (P<0.05), and increased evidently during reoxygenation.The expression of P62 and LC3-II decreased markedly under hypoxia (P<0.05).After inhibition of PASMC autophagy under hypoxia, the expression of cleaved caspase-3/PARP decreased remarkably during reoxygenation (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The PASMC apoptosis participates in the reversal of hypoxic pulmonary arterial remodeling, and the PASMC autophagy under hypoxia might facilitate its apoptosis during reoxygenation.

Secondary glaucoma is a kind of complications after vitrectomy, its etiologies are various and complex. Ineffective therapies might cause irreversible damage on optic nerves and visual field defect, even the loss in visual function. Nowadays, this project has been paid great attention by various researches both in China and abroad. Both the pathogens and therapies of secondary glaucoma after vitrectomy are analyzed as follows.