OBJECTIVE To understand the current situation in management of nosocomial infections in hospitals,and provide rational preventive measures in order to improve the medical care quality.METHODS An observatory study was conducted and reasonable suggestions were preferred referring to foreign nosocomial infections modes.RESULTS Problems were found to a different extent in administration of nosocomial infections.Most alarming problems were shortages of rules and regulations,and deficiency of infection propaganda and administration coordination.CONCLUSIONS Strengthening management of nosocomial infections is one of the key issues for improvement of the medical care quality and should be paid special attention.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Blast Injuries ; complications ; Deafness ; etiology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the effect of an oral calcium load on serum electrolytes and PTH concentrations in healthy apheresis donors.Methods Forty-five apheresis donors were divided into two groups: calcium group(11 donors,taking oral calcium before apheresis) and no calcium group(34 donors).Serum parathyroid hormone(PTH),total calcium(Ca),phosphorus(P),potassium(K),sodium(Na) and magnesium(Mg) were measured before and after the apheresis process.Twenty-four whole blood donors served as controls.Results After the apheresis process,PTH concentrations in calcium group and mean P in no calcium group increased significantly(P

Undergraduate education is a basic stage in higher education.Undergraduate physical education is the key to improve physical education in colleges.Monitoring teaching quality is an effective measure to improve the physical teaching quality.

Objective To study the effects of internal and external biliary drainage on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression of Kupffer cells and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in rats with obstructive jaundice. Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to obstructive jaundice (OJ), sham operation (SH), internal biliary drainage (ID) and external biliary drainage (ED) groups with 12 each. Kupffer cells were isolated by in situ hepatic perfusion and digestion with collagenase type Ⅳ, and purified by cell culture attachment. The expression of iNOS mRNA of Kupffer cells was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the serum TNF-α concentration was measured using ELISA method. Results The serum TNF-α level was increased in OJ group[ (110.84±26.3) pg/ml ]compared with SH group [-(88.4±17.9) pg/ml, (P=0.045)]. The TNF-α level in ID group[ (89.8±28. 3) pg/ml ]was significantly lower than that in ED group[ (118.64±22.7) pg/ml, (P=0. 011) ]and OJ group (P=0. 059). Expression of iNOS mRNA of Kupffer cells was significantly higher in OJ group (0. 824± 0. 24) compared with SH group (0. 384±0.35,P=0. 005). After relieving the OJ, the iNOS mRNA expression in ED group (0. 974± 0.48) was not suppressed (P=0. 321). On the contrary, the iNOS mRNA expression in ID group was suppressed and significantly lower than that in ED group (0. 59±0. 35) (P=0. 016). Conclusions Internal biliary drainage is superior to external drainage in terms of reversing the elevated serum TNF-α and in suppressing the iNOS mRNA expression of Kupffer cells in rats with obstructive jaundice.

Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

BACKGROUND:The nano-hydroxyapatite has obvious advantages in bone repairing and reconstruction, but its clinical application is limited for its low osteoinductive activity and poor mechanical properties. To overcome these defects, researchers, based on the bionics principles, composite nano-hydroxyapatite with inorganic or/and organic materials to get various biomimetic composite materials.
OBJECTIVE:To review the research and application of nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 biocomposites. METHODS:A computer-based search of PubMed database was undertaken with the keywords of“nano, hydroxyapatite, polyamide 66”in English to retrieve the relevant articles published from January 1987 to
December 2012. Simultaneously, the relevant articles between January 1987 to December 2012 were searched in CNKI database with the key words of“nano, hydroxyapatite, polyamide 66”in Chinese. A total of 93 literatures were retrieved, and final y 56 standard literatures were included.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 biocomposites have appropriate thermostability and mechanical properties as wel as good biocompatibility. So far, the research and application of nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 biocomposites mainly focus on artificial vertebral body, lamina, and cage. The satisfactory clinical effects of the biocomposites show their broad clinical application prospects. However, there are stil many problems to be solved. For example, there are no detailed long-term fol ow-up data concerning osteogenic induction and degradation. Additional y, current studies focus on the bio-safety of materials in the aspects of cytology and histology rather than at the molecular level.

Objective To assess the effect of fetal islet transplantation for the treatment of Type Ⅰ diabetes. Methods The pancreatic islets from human aborted embryos were cultured and implanted into the greater omentum and omental bursa of 26 patients with type Ⅰ diabetes. The function of transplanted islets was evaluated. Results After transplantation, the exogenous insulin requirement significantly decreased (P

ve To assess the efficacy of chemolysis with collagenase injected into epidural space and the effects upon intervertebral disk and nerve roots. Methods Sixty-four healthy new Zealand rabbits of either sex, weighing 2.5-3.0kg were divided into four groups of sixteen each: group A, B, C and D. In group A and B herniation of disk was produced by injecting normal salin 0.1ml into the intervertebral disk after surgical resection of spine and posterior arch of L4_6, while in group C and D no herniation of disk was produced. In group A and C collagenase 300u( in normal saline 0.5ml) was injected into the epidural space at the level of L4-6, and in group B and D normal saline 0.5ml was injected into epidural space as control. Three animals from each group were sacrificed on the 7th, 15th, and 30th day after operation and intervertebral disk and nerve roots at the operation site were removed and fixed for light and electron microscopic examination. Sciatic nerve conduction velocity (NCV) was measured before operation and on 1st, 7th, 15th and 30th postoperative day. Results In group A the intervertebral disk was dissolved to some extent. In group B nerve roots were injured to different degree. In group A and C NCV was higher than normal on the 7th and 15th day after operation. Conclusions Collagenase may dissolve the herniated intervertebral disk but does not injure the nerve roots. It may increase NCV.

Objective To investigate the morphological features,biological behavior ,and diagnosis and treatment of gastric hepatoid adenocarcinoma(GHA).MethodsTwenty GHA cases were evaluated. Of the 20 patients,14 underwent radical gastrectomy, 3 total gastrectomy,3 total gastrectomy and wedge excision of the liver metastasis.ResultsHistologically,hyaline globules and venous invasion were common features of GHA.Tumor cells were immunohistochemically positive for alpha fetoprotein(AFP), alpha antitrypsin(AAT), and alpha antichymotrypsin(ACT). Ultrastructurally,tumor cells were arranged toward the lumens with microvilli on the luminal surfaces.There were junctional complexes between the lateral plasma membranes of adjacent tumor cells.Patients were followed up for 1～5 years with 12 deaths, 11 died of metastasis and one died of intraabdominal tumor seeding. The 1, 3 year survival rate was 44%(8/18), and 17%(3/18), respectively. Conclusions GHA deriving from gastric mucosa is characterized both by the histologic structures of hepatoid differentiation and adenocarcinoma.The prognosis is usually poor due to frequent liver metastasis.