BACKGROUND: Moxonidine is the second-generation high-selective central antihypertensive drug, while clonidine is the first-generation antihypertensive drug that is used in clinic with many side effects.OBJECTIVE: To compare the characteristics between moxonidine and clonidine in renal-hypertensive rats.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal experiment.SETTING: Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Nantong University.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in Medical College, Nantong University between September and December 2004. Totally 110 SD rats aged 60 days with the body mass of (180±30) g were used in the study.METHODS: Left renal artery stenosis in SD rats was established by inserting silver clip with the inner diameter of 0.2 mm or 0.25 mm, while the right renal artery was not received, so as to establish two-kidney one-clip(2K-1C) renal hypertensive models. ①Changes of blood pressure and heart rate in awake rats with renal hypertension were determined with arteria caudilis indirect manometric method, oral administration once or consecutively. The experiment of depressurization with once oral administration:The rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups with 10 rats in each group:1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg moxonidine hydrochloride groups, 1 mg/kg clonidine hydrochloride group were considered as positive control group,while saline group as negative control group. On the basis of the effect of moxonidine hydrochloride on blood pressure, blood pressure was measured at 1, 4, 24, 48, 72 hours after moxonidine administration, and compared with that before administration or the effect of saline. The experiment of depressurization with consecutively oral administration once a day. The grouping was the same to above-mentioned. Successive administration was for 7 days, once a day. The blood pressure and heart rate were determined at 1 hour before and after administration, and observed for 3 days after drug withdrawal. Recommended dose of moxonidine hydrochloride for human was about 0.4 mg/kg, while the oral dose for rats were around 0.04 mg/kg based on the animals' surface area. ②Changes of blood pressure and heart rate in anaesthesia rats with renal hypertension with a catheter on the carotid artery directly: 0.2 mg/kg drug liquor was given with gastric perfusion. The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 ones in each group: 0.13,0.4, 1.3 mg/kg moxonidine hydrochloride groups, 0.13 mg/kg clonidine hydrochloride group and saline control group. Mean arterial pressure was determined before and after administration at different time.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes of blood pressure and heart rate in conscious and anesthetized renal-hypertensive rats before and after being administrated orally once or consecutively.RESULTS: All the rats were involved in the result analysis, without drop out during the trial. ①Moxonidine showed a dose-dependent effect on depressurization and descent of heart rate after once large dose oral administration in conscious renal-hypertensive rats. The 10-fold higher doses of moxonidine caused the same effects of clonidine. The decreasing of heart rate was little and short after consecutively small dose of oral administration of moxonidine, and which was similar to clonidine in percentage of depressurization. ②In anesthetized renal-hypertensive rats, moxonidine showed a dose-dependent effect on depressurization after once oral administration. There was no significant difference between moxonidine and clonidine in percentage of depressurization after 3 to 10-fold higher dose administration (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The once higher dose oral administration of moxonidine has dose-dependent effect on depressurization for renal-hypertensive awake rats. Anesthesia. The effect of 10-fold dosage of moxonidine is equal to that of clonidine. The effect of 3-10-fold dosage of moxonidine is equal to that of clonidine in anesthesia renal-hypertensive rats. The small dose oral administration continuously of both moxonidine and clonidine with the same volume has the same depressurization effect in renal-hypertensive rats.

0.05). CONCLUSION: The effects of 10 mg?kg -1 m oxonidine on reduced blood pressure and heart rate in SHR is equal to the effect s of 1 mg?kg -1 clonidine after once large dose oral administration. T here is no significant difference between the moxonidine and clonidine of the sa me dose in reducing blood pressure after repeatedly small dose oral administrati on in SHR.

Aim To explore the inhibitory effect of isobavachalcone (IBC)on migration and invasion of
tongue squamous cell carcinoma Tca81 1 3 cells and its possible mechanism.Methods Tca81 1 3 cells were
treated in different concentrations of IBC in vitro.Cell proliferation was detected by MTT;Wound healing as-say and Transwell chamber assay were used to detect the ability of cell migration and invasion;Western blot was applied to detect the expression of Akt,p-Akt, MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins.Results IBC could in-hibit the proliferation of Tca81 1 3 cells in a concentra-tion-and time-dependent manner.IBC can reduce cell migration and invasion.Western blot showed that IBC could an decrease the expression of p-Akt,MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins in a concentration-dependent manner.
However,the level of Akt was not affected by the con-centration of IBC treatment.Conclusion IBC could inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion in Tca81 1 3 cells and its mechanism may be associated with the down-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 pro-teins and the inhibition of phosphorylation of upstream Akt.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. So far, there has been substantial progress toward understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of CVDs. There are multiple cell signaling cascades, some of which are beneficial or compensatory and others deleterious. The balance between these pathways determines the outcome as a diseased or non-diseased state. Protein phosphorylation, which is mediated by enzymes, called protein kinases, is a major mechanism for transducing external stimuli into intracellular signals. Electively targeting of signaling pathways using protein kinase inhibitors would have a potential advantage over receptor blockers. By now, there are types of protein kinase inhibitiors available for treating several diseases. The success of kinase inhibitors in cancer treatment has strongly supported application in the treatment of CVDs. Here, we will review several kinds of protein kinases as potential targets for CVDs and some difficulty in identifying a protein kinase as a putative therapeutic target for CVDs.

Objective:The human heparin-binding growth factor Midkine(hMK) gene was constructed and expressed in E.coli, and the activity of MK protein was tested.Methods:The MK gene was amplificated from the tissue of human embryo kidney by RT-PCR techniques. The MK fragment without signal peptide was inserted into plasmid pET30a. The gene was expressed in E.coli, the protein was purificated by affinity chromatography, and the activity was tested by ~3H-TdR method.Results:The sequence of hMK in our experiment was as same as the sequence published in Genebank. The activity assay was shown high activity of MK protein in our experiment.Conclusion:The expression carrier of hMK was established successful and it can expression high activity hMK protein in E.coli.

Objective To investigate the application of delayed sternal closure (DSC) following neonatal cardiac surgery.Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 360 neonatal patients underwent cardiac surgery through median sternotomy in Guangdong General Hospital between June 2009 and June 2014.These neonates were divided into 2 groups:DSC group (190 cases) and non-DSC group(170 cases).Comparing the differences between 2 groups,we analysed the application of DSC following neonatal cardiac surgery and the effect of DSC on surgical site infection.Results The cardiopulmonary bypass time,cross clamp time and mechanical ventilation time were longer in DSC group than in non-DSC group.The mortality rate in the DSC group(20.53％) was markedly higher than that in the non-DSC group(5.29％).However,there was no statistical difference in the incidence of sternal wound infection between 2 groups.Conclusion As an effective treatment for neonates with severe cardiac surgery,DSC doesn' t increase the incidence of surgical site infection.

Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world.So far,there has been substantial progress toward understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of CVDs.There are multiple cell signaling cascades,some of which are beneficial or compensatory and others deleterious.The balance between these pathways determines the outcome as a diseased or non-diseased state.Protein phosphorylation,which is mediated by enzymes,called protein kinases,is a major mechanism for transducing external stimuli into intracellular signals.Electively targeting of signaling pathways using protein kinase inhibitors would have a potential advantage over receptor blockers.By now,there are types of protein kinase inhibitiors available for treating several diseases.The success of kinase inhibitors in cancer treatment has strongly supported application in the treatment of CVDs.Here,we will review several kinds of protein kinases as potential targets for CVDs and some difficulty in identifying a protein kinase as a putative therapeutic target for CVDs.

Objective To analyze the utilization and the development trend of TCM decoction pieces for relieving exterior syndrome in Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of TCM;To provide references for clinical rational medicine use and purchase. Methods Excel software was used to analyze the consumption quantity and consumption sum of TCM decoction pieces for relieving exterior syndrome in our hospital during 2009-2013. Results The consumption quantity of TCM decoction pieces for relieving exterior syndrome in our hospital increased year by year with average growth rate of 11.52%, among which the consumption quantity of medicine for diverging wind-cold was more than medicine for diverging wind-heat. Conclusion Both the consumption quantity and the consumption sum of TCM decoction pieces for relieving exterior syndrome in our hospital have been increasing significantly. The proportion of which in the total TCM decoction pieces for relieving exterior syndrome and the medicine utilization structure were stable, and the use of TCM decoction pieces for relieving exterior syndrome was rational on the whole.

BACKGROUND:As one of the main active ingredients in epimedium, icari n plays an important role in bone defect repair. Sustained and effective concentration of icari n in vivo is essential for bone damage repair.
OBJECTIVE:To recommend the research progress of epimedium glycoside for bone repair and to explore the pharmaco-active concentration of icari n.
METHODS:A computer-based online search of CNKI database (http://www.cnki.net/) and PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) from January 2000 to October 2013 was performed for related articles of the effect of icari n for bone defect repair and bone damage repair. The key words were“icari n, concentration, bone”in Chinese and English. After repeated articles were excluded, 76 related articles were screened out and 44 of them met the inclusive criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The icari n-released scaffold materials can induce the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, promote the viability of osteoblasts and inhibit the resorption of osteoclasts, thus repairing bone tissue. It is certain that icari n promotes cellular dif erentiation, however whether it can promote cellular proliferation remains unclear. The pharmaco-active concentration of icari n ranges from10-8 to 10-5 mol/L, but clinical trial has not yet been carried out, and specific drug concentration is uncertain, which needs further exploration.

OBJECTIVE:To provide the clinical departments with a reference for promoting rational drug use. METHODS:The inpatient prescriptions given by orthopaedics and burn departments from Jun. to Dec. 2013 were selected randomly. The number of the selected prescriptions by each department accounted for 2% of the total prescriptions given by the corresponding department in that month,including 4 921 cases by orthopaedics department and 1 391 cases by burn department. Statistical analysis of irrational prescriptions was made according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia,New Materia Medica,the package insert, and other relevant references. RESULTS:1 821 prescriptions given by orthopaedics department and 378 by burn department were found to be irrational,accounting for 37.00% and 27.17% respectively. The reasons of irrationality mainly included im-proper compatibility,improper route of administration,contraindication in and use with caution by the elderly and children,re-peated drug use,improper drug combination etc. CONCLUSIONS:The system of prescription review should be strengthened, and clinical staff training system and pharmaceatical knowledge information platform are established to promote rational use of drugs.