Hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) are the mesenchymal cells in the liver. In the process of tumori-genesis and metastasis, the interactions between HSCs and tumor ceils play an important role in promoting tumor invasion through extracellular matrix remodelling. Here we review the latest investigative advances a-bout the tumor-stromal interactions.

This paper reports the histological observation on PAS-positive granular cells in epididymal epithelium from rat, bull, swine and ram. Caput, corpus and cauda of epididymis from these animals (10～14 for each species) were taken, routine fixed and embeded, 6 ?m section, PAS stained and observed under light microscope. There is a kind of PAS positive granular cell existed in epithelium of all segments of epididymis from all these animals. These PAS positive granules are proved to be neutral polysaccharide and an apocrine secretion pattern is suggested. The so-called clear cell in HE stained slides might be PAS-positive granular cell which has already discharged its contents. Besides, this kind of cells are occasionally located in the vas deferens as well.

Objective To observe the changes of pulmonary function parameters in healthy middle-aged and elderly people in Shanghai.Methods A total of 298 subjects aged 45 years and over with normal pulmonary function and no smoking history were selected among subjects who underwent routine physical examination from Jun 2009 to Sep 2011.The subjects were divided into three groups:45-59 years,60-69 years,and ≥70 years.The tested pulmonary function included 13 parameters:vital capacity (VC),residual volume (RV),functional residual capacity (FRC),total lung capacity (TLC),RV/TLC,forced vital capacity (FVC),forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1),FEV1/FVC,peak expiratory flow (PEF),forced expiratory flow at 25 ％ of FVC exhaled (FEF25),forced expiratory flow at 50％ of FVC exhaled (FEF50),diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO),and specific diffusion capacity of CO (KCO).Results Compared with the young adults,7 pulmonary function parameters including VC,FVC,FEV1,PEF,TLC,DLCO and KCO were declined significantly in healthy middle aged and elderly people Compared with the young adults,pulmonary function parameters including RV and RV/TLC were increased [male (1.9 ±0.4)Lvs.(1.6±0.3)L,(34.7±4.9)％ vs.(26.4±4.3)％,P＜0.01;female (1.5±0.3)L vs.(1.3±0.3)L,(36.1±5.3)％ vs.(30.3±5.5)％,P＜0.01].Although RVincreased with aging in middle-aged and elderly people,but there was no statistical significance (P＞0.05).FRC didn't change obviously.FEV1/FVC was lower in old people than in young people[male (80.7±4.3)％ vs.(84.2±5.6)％,P ＜0.01;female (82.5± 5.5) ％ vs.(86.4±4.8)％,P＜0.01],but the difference between 3 groups of middle-aged and the elderly was not significant.The FEV1/FVC of men and women aged 70 and more were (80.2±4.5)％ and (81.8±5.6)％,respectively.Conclusions Both ventilation function and diffusion function of healthy elderly people are decreased with ageing,RV is increased and FRC is steady,and the declining tendency of FEV1/FVC obviously slows down with aging in middle aged and elderly people.

Purpose　To investigate the role of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA),uPA receptor (uPAR),tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) in the invasiveness of human breast cancer cells.　Methods　Three human breast cancer cell lines with different invasive ability were taken as research targets.RT-PCR and milk plates methods were used to detect the expression of uPA system members and the PA activities,respectively.Modified Boyden's chamber model was employed to detect the invasive ability of cancer cell.　Results　MDA-MB-231 could express high level of uPA,uPAR,PAI-1 and low level of tPA.MDA-MB-435 could express lower level of uPA and hight level of tPA,but no PAI-1 and uPAR were detected.MCF-7 could express lower level of uPAR and high level of PAI-1,but no uPA and tPA were detected.MDA-MB-231 cells showed the highest total PA and uPA activity.MDA-MB-435 cells also showed high total PA activity,but almost all the activity owed to tPA.MCF-7 showed almost no PA activity.Correlated with their PA activities,MDA-MB-231 was found the most invasive in vitro,followed by MDA-MB-435,and MCF-7 almost had no invasive ability.The antibodies against uPA and uPAR were significantly effective in reducing the matrigel invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 by approximately 83.1% and 43.9% respectively (P<0.05).　Conclusions　Co-expression of uPA,uPAR and PAI-1 in human breast cancer highly correlates with the invasiveness in vitro.

Objective To investigate the differences of multiple factors in acute cerebral infarction (ACI) patients with and without multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS),as well as in ACI patients in different MODS score groups.Methods One hundred and fifty-seven ACI patients were divided into non-MODS group( without concurrent MODS group)and MODS group.The MODS group patients were further divided into four subgroups according to the scores,including 1 -6points,7 - 12 points,13 - 18 points and points over 19.All patients were measured for procalcitonin(PCT) and C-reactive protein(CRP).The National Institutes of Health stroke score( NHISS score),acute physiology and chronic health evaluation( APACHE Ⅱ score)and Watian water test score were calculated.The differences in age,gender,PCT,CRP,NHISS score,APACHE Ⅱ score,Watian water score,breathing support rate,eating rate and mortality rate between the two groups were compared.Results Non-MODS group,compared with the MODS group,was significantly younger( [72.11 ± 16.41 ] years vs.[ 77.88 ±17.67 ] years,t=2.451,P ＜ 0.05 ),and the difference in the ratio of male to female between groups was not significant (57/38 vs.34/28,x2 =0.414,P ＞ 0.05 ).Differed from MODS group,non-MODS group had significant lower PCT value ( 1.83 ± 0.51 vs.2.98 ± 0.71,P ＜ 0.01 ),CRP value ( [ 12.53 ± 7.12] mg/L vs.[69.89 ±43.83 ] mg/L,P ＜0.01 ),NHISS score(9.38 ±5.24 vs.21.35 ±7.47,P ＜0.01 ),APACHE Ⅱ score ( 11.63 ± 4.22 vs.30.92 ± 7.80,P ＜ 0.01 ),Watian water score ( 2.36 ± 0.98 vs.3.88 ± 1.09,P ＜ 0.01 ),breathing support rate ( 2.1％ vs.43.5％,P ＜ 0.01 ) and mortality rate ( 4.2％ vs.43.5％,P ＜ 0.01 ),but had remarkable higher eating rate(95.8％ vs.66.1％,P ＜0.01 ).Pairwised comparison among the four MODS score groups,the PCT,CRP,NHISS score,APACHE score,Watian water test,breathing support rate and mortality rate were significantly different(P ＜ 0.05) ;The differences in age between the 1 -6 points group and the other three groups was significant ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Age,PCT,CRP,NHISS score,APACHE score,Watian water test score,breathing support rate,mortality rate of the high-score MODS groups were higher than those of MODS groups with low-score in ACI patients,while eating rate was lower than that of the low-score groups.

Objective To explore the clinical manifestations,imaging findings,pathological classification and treatment of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM)of the lung.Methods The clinical features,imaging findings,pathology information,diagnosis,treatment method and its prognosis of children with CCAMconfirmed by ope-ration and pathology were retrospectively analyzed in Yuying Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical Univer-sity from August 2006 to August 201 4.Results Eleven patients were boys and 4 patients were girls.One case had a-symptomatic clinical features,1 2 cases had pulmonary infection,1 case had recurrent chest pain,and 1 case had de-pressed deformity in sternum inferior segment.Chest CT scanning indicated that 9 cases had multiple gas cysts at unila-teral side of lung,among which 1 case was of funnel chest and pulmonary sequestration,1 case of huge cyst containing air and fluid at inferior lobe of left lung,and 4 cases of high density lung shadow;CT examination indicated that 1 case had recurrent chest pain and eventration of diaphragm of the right side combined with pulmonary sequestration.All ca-ses were treated by surgical resection,of whom 1 case was given cystectomy and sequestrectomy,diaphragmatic plication respectively,1 case complicated with funnel chest disease underwent lesion pulmonary lobectomy,sequestrectomy and minimally invasive corrective surgery in pectus excavatum (Nuss surgery),and the remaining 1 2 cases received lesion pulmonary lobectomy.All of 1 5 cases recovered well without complications.Pathological classification type of CCAMin-cluded 1 1 cases of type Ⅰ,3 cases of type Ⅱ and 1 case of type Ⅲ,among which 2 cases had pulmonary sequestration. Conclusions CCAMis a rare disease which can be discovered along with pulmonary infection.Multiple gas cysts are the most common imaging findings and the preoperative diagnosis of CCAM is mostly based on chest CT examination. Type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ are the most common pathological classification.The surgical resection should be given early surgi-cal resection and the prognosis is usually good.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy ofFufang Shenlu Granule for kidney-yang deficiency aplastic anemia (AA) and its effects on CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets, and explore its mechanism.Methods Forty AA patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, 20 cases in each group. The treatment group was treated withFufang Shenlu Granule combined with conventional western medicine therapy, while the control group was only treated with conventional western medicine therapy. The treatment lasted for 6 months, and follow-up visits lasted for at least one year. The clinical efficacy and T lymphocyte subsets ratio changes before and after treatment in the two groups were observed.Results The clinical efficacy of treatment group was better than that of control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the blood cell counts of the two groups were improved than those of before treatment (P<0.05,P<0.01). After treatment, the red blood cell count and hemoglobin of treatment group were higher than those of control group (P<0.05). Compared with the data before treatment in treatment group, the ratio of CD4+CD25+ cells in all CD4+ cells, and the ratio of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ cells in all CD4+CD25+ cells increased (P<0.05); the ratio of Th1 and Th2 cells in all CD3+CD4+ decreased (P<0.05). The ratio of Th2 cells was lower than that before treatment in the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionFufang Shenlu Granule can enhance the treatment efficiency of AA with kidney-yang deficiency syndrome. The mechanism may be related to the decrease of Th1 cells, the increase of CD4+CD25+Tregs and their FoxP3 expression.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of Wilm tumor gene (WT1) expression in breast cancer. Methods Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RQ-RT-PCR) method was established for detecting WT1 and GAPDH mRNA expression levels in 110 cases of various breast tumor and the corresponding adjacent normal breast tissue. Normalized WT1 expression level (WT1_N)was determined as a ratio between WT1 and GAPDH for each case. The tumor tissue WT1_N over the normaltissue WT1_N of the same case was calculated as T/N_(WT1) ratio, and T/N_(WT1) value was analyzed with the clinicalpathological parameters. Results The WT1_N expression levels of the 102 breast cancer tissues were significantly higher than those of the adjacent normal breast tissues, with the median WT1_N of 2.38 (ranged from 0.12 to 112.3) and 0.81 (ranged from 0.03 to 11.65) for each (P <0.01), but there were no statistical differences between the WT1_N of 8 benign breast tumors and the nearing normal tissues, with the median WT1_N of 0.46 (ranged from 0.16 to 5.04) and 0.53 (ranged from 0.14 to 4.94) for each. Furthermore the WT1_Nas well as the T/N_(WT1) ratio of the malignant breast cancer tissues were significantly higher than those of the benign tumor tissues, with the median T/N_(WT1) value of 2.54 (ranged from 0.28 to 172.88) and 1.17 (ranged from 0.09 to 2.63) for each. Non-parameter correlation analysis showed that the T/N_(WT1) in breast cancers were of no relevance to lymph node metastasis, clinical-pathological types, estrogen receptor and progestone receptor status, but positively correlated with the expression level of IL-8 gene which calculated with T/N IL-8(r =0.723, P <0.01). Conclusion The WT1 gene is highly expressed in breast cancer which suggests that WT1 level assessed by RQ-RT-PCR could be a novel marker of disease progression and poor prognosis.

Objective To investigate the influence of total progressively motile sperm count(TPMSC) after treatment on clinical outcomes of intrauterine insemination(IUI) with the husband′s sperm in ovulation-promoting cycles.Methods The clinical data in 4179 cases undergoing IUI with the husband′s sperm in ovulation-promoting cycles were retrospectively analyzed.The correlation between clinical pregnancy rate and TPMSC was analyzed.Results Among all the clinical data,TPMSC was to 100×106 in occasional live sperm.TPMSC<0.15×106 was in 15 cases,1 case had pregnancy (live sperm was occasionally seen on IUI day after sperm processing).Ten cases of TPMSC >60×106 had no pregnancy.A total of 4 154 cases of TPMSC (0.15-60.00)×106 were analyzed.The female age,duration of infertility,number of follicles and endometrial thickness(EDM) had no statistical differences among various groups.The clinical pregnancy rate was 13.5%(576/4 154),the group with the highest clinical pregnancy rate was (5.00-<10.00)×106.But there was no statistically significant difference in clinical pregnancy rate among groups(P=0.133).Conclusion Performing IUI in PMSC (0.15-60.00)×106 after processing can get preferable pregnancy rates.

AIM:To review the 10 kinds of macroporous resin's absorption of total flavnoids to screen out the one which could separate the Baicalin,Baicalein,Wogonoside,Wogonin simultaneously. METHODS: By HPLC,using the content of Baicalin,Baicalein,Wogonoside,wogonin as the marker,adopting a static adsorbtion in combination with dynamic state. RESULTS: The difference in adsorption and desorption among macroporous resins and adsorption condition arose from four kinds of flavonoids. CONCLUSION: At a comprehensive estimate SP-825 resin was regarded as the ideal for adsorption and desorption.