Objective:To study the effects of soybean phospholipids on learning and memory abilities and contents of fatty acids in hippocampus of mice and its mechanism. Method:Mice were randomly divided into four groups:low dose(2.5g/kg) ,middle dose(5.0g/kg) and high dose(10.0g/kg) groups of soybean phospholipids and control group. The treatment groups were fed with soybean phospholipids every day while the control group with distilled water for 30 d.After learning and memory abilities were measured,the mice were killed and contents of fatty acids in hippocampus of mice were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) . Results:(1) The learning and memory abilities of mice in middle and high dose groups were significantly improved,but only memory abilities in low dose groups were stronger than control group.(2) The contents of protein in hippocampus in middle and high dose groups were increased extremely.(3) The contents of oleic acid(C18:1) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA,C22:6 ) were obviously enhanced in hippocampus of high dose group;but decreased in eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA,C20:5) and linoleic acid(C18:2) . The content of DHA was increased and EPA decreased significantly in middle dose group.The increase of arachidonic acid(C20:4) was not significant.Conclusion:Soybean phospholipids may improve learning and memory abilities,which might contribute to change of fatty acids contents in hippocampus of mice.

Objective:To establish the quality standard of berberine hydrochloride in Fuyanping capsules by HPLC. Methods:HPLC with Phenomenex C18(250?4.6mm,5?m)column was used.Acetonitrile-0.033mol/l potassium dihydrogen phosphate(30:70)was used as a mobile phase,flow rate was 1.0ml/min and detection wavelength was set at 346nm.Results: Berberine hydrochloride showed a good linear relationship at a range of 0.16-0.83?g,r=0.9999.The average recovery was 99.09%,and RSD was 0.20%.Conclusion:This method is simple,fast and accurate for the quality control of Fuyanping capsules.

[Objective] The present study was to evaluate the association of serum total cholesterol level and prognosis in patients with acute left heart failure and associated mechanisms.[Methods] Sixty-eight patients due to acute episode of left heart failure prospectively enrolled,and baseline data and biochemical parameters were collected.After discharge,patients were follow-up for 1 month and they were divided into two groups (with and without cardiovascular events).Differences between groups were evaluated and the association of serum total cholesterol level and cardiovascular events were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.[Results] The mean age was 57.3 ± 12.6 years old and 52 cases were male patients accounting for 76.5 ％.Among these patients,46 had a diagnosis of coronary heart disease (67.6 ％),10 rheumatic heart disease (14.7 ％),12 dilated cardiomyopathy (17.7％),38hypertension (55.9％) and 24 diabetes mellitus (35.3％).After 1 month's follow up,39 patients (57.4％) had experienced cardiovascular events,36 cases were re-hospitalized,and 3 died from heart failure.Compared to those with cardiovascular events,event free individuals were younger and were less likely smokers (P ＜ 0.05).In addition,event free group had lower serum levels of N-terminal pro-BNP and C-reactive protein (P ＜ 0.05) while serum levels of total cholesterol and albumin were significantly higher (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in medication between these two groups.After adjusted for age,gender,smoking,systolic blood pressure,serum albumin level,diabetes,hypertension and medications,increased total cholesterol level was independently associated with better prognosis with odds ratio of 0.91 (95 ％ confidence interval 0.80-0.96).Further adjusted for C-reactive protein,the association was attenuated to non-significance,with odds ratio of 0.97 (95 ％ confidence interval 0.87-1.09).[Conclusion] Adequate serum total cholesterol level was beneficial for improving short-term cardiovascular outcomes in patients with left heart failure and the potential mechanisms might be related to cholesterol effects on improving nutritional status and anti-inflammation.

Objective To evaluate the lipid-lowering effect of 10 mg policosanol versus an equal dose of atorvastatinin patients with dyslipidemia.Method Databases such as VIP,Wanfang,CNKI,Cochrance Library,PubMed,Web of Science and EMBASE were searched for random control trials(RCT) and controlled clinical trials (CCT) of 10 mg policosanol versus an equal dose of atorvastatinin their lipid-lowering effects.The quality was assessed by Cochrance Handbook 5.1.0 or Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS).The study related data were analyzed statistically with RevMan 5.2 software.4 RCTs were selected.257 patients were included in the trials.130 cases were in 10 mg policosanol group and 127 cases belonged to 10 mg atorvastatin group.Results Results of Meta-analysis show that TC[SMD=0.84,95%CI(0.41,1.27),P=0.000 1] and LDL-C[SMD=0.68,95%CI(0.28,1.09),P=0.001] were reduced more effectively in 10 mg atorvastatin group than in 10 mg policosanol group.HDL-C[SMD=0.27,95%CI(0.02,0.51),P=0.03] was elevated more in 10 mg policosanol group than 10 mg atorvastatin group.Both groups showed no statistic difference(P=0.42) in TG [SMD=0.10,95% CI:(-0.41,0.35),P=0.42].Conclusion The lipid-lowering efficacy of 10 mg atorvastatin is better than equal dose of policosanolin patients with dyslipidemia.Dose increase of policosanol should be considered to ensure the efficacy when policosanol was used tore place atorvastatin therapy.This study had some shortcomings, such as limited study numbers and small sample size.The reliability of this study should be verified from high-quality,multi-center RCTS with large samples.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the correlation of CDK4 protein expression in the cytoplasm with the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of lung cancer.

METHODSImmunohistochemistry was employed to examine CDK4 protein expression in the cytoplasm of lung cancer samples, using normal lung tissue samples as control. The correlation of cytoplasmic CDK4 protein expression with the clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis of lung cancer patients was analyzed.

RESULTSNo significant difference was found in cytoplasmic CDK4 protein expression levels between lung cancer and normal lung tissues (P=1.000). In the lung cancer tissues, however, an increased cytoplasmic expression of CDK4 was positively correlated with the clinical stages and lymph node metastasis. Prognostic analysis showed that the patients with an increased cytoplasmic CDK4 expression had a markedly shorter overall survival than those with a low cytoplasmic CDK4 expression. Multivariate analysis suggested that the level of cytoplasmic CDK4 expression was an independent prognostic indicator for the survival of patients with lung cancer (P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONOverexpression of CDK4 protein in the cytoplasm may promote the carcinogenesis of lung cancer and can be an unfavorable prognostic factor for the survival of lung cancer patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 ; metabolism ; Cytoplasm ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis

Keratoconus (KC) is a common cornea ectatic disorder characterized by myopia,irregular astigmatism and other visual impairment caused by corneal thinning and cone-shaped protrusion.With a wide range of effects,the etiology of this disease is unknown,and genetic factors may be involved in its pathogenesis.This paper summarizes the research progress on KC genetic etiology for reviewing the selected candidate genes and loci based on traditional/genome-wide linkage studies,genome-wide association studies and central corneal thickness in recent years.Genetic studies on KC pathogenesis will advance our understanding of this disease and further promote the development of potential therapies.

Objective To compare the safety and efficacy of direct and remedial rotational atherectomy in the treatment of heavily calcified coronary artery lesions.Methods We retrospectively reviewed 58 patients admitted in the Shanghai Chest Hospital and Liaocheng People Hospital from May 2012 to July 2015 who had received stent implantation and rotational atherectomy.The 58 patients were divided into two groups which were the direct atherectomy group (n =27) and the remedial atherectomy group (n =31).General clinical date,lesion and procedural characteristics,intraoperative complications,in-hospital and follow-up MACCE were compared between the two groups.Results There were no differences between the two groups in general clinical date intraoperative complications,amount of contrast agent used,proceduraltime,rates of in-hospital and follow-up MACCE.Nevertheless,compared with the direct artherectomy group,the remedial group had more number of balloon dilations during procedure [3 (1,5) vs.2 (1,2),P ＜ 0.001] and higher peak cardiac troponin levels [1.1 (0.3,3.0) μg/L vs.0.5 (0.1,2.3) μg/L,P =0.032].Conclusions Remedial rotational atherectomy with drug-eluting stent had the same safety and efficacy as direct atheretomy with drug-eluting stent in treating patients with heavily calcified coronary lesions.It is reasonable and safe to transform routine PCI to remedial rotational atherectomy when the 2.0 mm semi compliant balloon or/and 2.5 mm non-compliant balloon cannot pass through or dilate the lesions.

With the popularity of sports, the number of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in children is increasing year by year. Most ACL injuries in children are tibial avulsion fractures or ACL body tears, seriously affecting the health and sports level of the patients. Due to the special anatomical structure of the patients, unclosed epiphysis makes the diagnosis and treatment of ACL injuries more complex. It is necessary to choose the optimal treatment regimen according to the bone maturity and the type and degree of ACL injuries to reduce the damage to the epiphysis and avoid the impact on the growth and development of the patients. It was treated with non-surgical treatment and then ACL reconstruction when the bones were mature in the past, which could cause secondary meniscus and cartilage damage. In recent years, non-surgical treatment has mainly been indicated for children with low-degree ACL injuries and small demand for exercise. With the increased ratio of early surgical treatment, the patients′ levels of recovery and return to sports after injury have been improved. However, improper surgery may still lead to complications such as growth and development disorders and postoperative re-injuries. Different from traditional ACL reconstruction, personalized diagnosis and treatment regimen of ACL injuries are very important for the patients at different stages of growth and development. For a better understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of ACL injuries in children, the authors reviewed the research progress on the diagnosis and treatment of ACL injuries in children from the aspects of the characteristics, diagnosis and evaluation, treatment methods, etc., hoping to provide a reference for the personalized diagnosis and treatment.

OBJECTIVE： To study the effects of atorvastatin combined with carbon monoxide releasing molecule 3 （CORM-3） on inflammation and oxidative stress indexes in atherosclerotic （AS） vulnerable plaque model rats. METHODS： The rats were randomly divided into control group （normal saline， i.g.）， model group （normal saline， i.g.）， statin group （atorvastatin 2 mg/kg，  i.g.）， and statin+CORM-3 group （atorvastatin 2 mg/kg， i.g.+CORM-3 10 mg/kg， i.p.）， with 8 rats in each group. Control group was fed with basal diet， and the right common carotid artery was exposed to surgery without injury and was treated with normal saline instead of drug； other three groups were fed with high-fat diet+right common carotid artery injury+heteroprotein injection to induce AS vulnerable plaque model， for 10 weeks； and then they were given relevant medicine for intervention， once a day， for consecutive 2 weeks. 24 h after last medication， abdominal artery blood was collected； the concentration of LDL-C and HDL-C were determined by fully automatic biochemical analyzer. The levels of hs-CRP， IL-10， MCP-1 and MMP-9 in plasma were detected by ELISA； plasma levels of MDA and oxidized low density lipoprotein （ox-LDL） were determined by chemical colorimetry； the protein expression of heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） was determined by Western blot. The pathological changes of right common carotid artery were observed under light microscope. RESULTS： Compared with control group， the levels of LDL-C， hs-CRP， MCP-1， MMP-9， MDA and ox-LDL， and protein expression of HO-1 were increased significantly （P＜0.05）， while the levels of HDL-C and IL-10 were decreased significantly in model group （P＜0.05）； the right common carotid artery formed obvious AS plaques. Compared with model group， the levels of LDL-C， hs-CRP， MCP-1， MMP-9， MDA and ox-LDL were decreased significantly in statin group and statin+CORM-3 group in model group （P＜0.05）， while the levels of HDL-C， IL-10 and the protein expression of HO-1 were increased significantly （P＜0.05）. Except for LDL-C and HDL-C， the improvement of other indexes in statin+CORM-3 group was more significant than statin group （P＜0.05）； pathological changes of right common carotid artery in statin group were not obvious， but the pathological changes of rats in statin+CORM-3 group were significantly alleviated and plaque structure also tended to be more stable. CONCLUSIONS： Atorvastatin combined with CORM-3 is better than atorvastatin alone in improving inflammation and oxidative stress indexes of AS vulnerable plaque model rats， and can promote the stability of AS vulnerable plaques.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of shoulder arthroscopic balance point compaction with cross suture-bridge technique inr the treatment of avulsion fracture of the greater tuberosity of the humerus.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted on 14 patients with avulsion fracture of the greater tuberosity of the humerus treated in Affiliated Xinhua Hospital of Dalian University from March 2021 to March 2022, including 8 males and 6 females; aged 30-58 years [(40.2±10.5)years]. Among them, 5 patients had fracture in the left shoulder and 9 in the right shoulder. The fracture was classified as the avulsion type according to Mutch classification. All the patients were treated with shoulder arthroscopic balance point compaction with cross suture-bridge technique. The anteroposterior X-ray of the shoulder joint was taken at 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery to evaluate fracture reduction and fixation. The operative time and intraoperative blood loss were recorded. Fracture healing was evaluated by shoulder MRI at 6 months after surgery. The visual analog score (VAS), Constant shoulder joint score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and shoulder range of motion (active abduction angle, active lateral external rotation angle, and active lateral internal rotation) preoperatively, at 3, 6 months after surgery and at the last follow-up were compared. The postoperative complications were observed.Results:All the patients were followed up for 12-15 months [(12.5±0.8)months]. The operative time and intraoperative blood loss were (67.0±10.5)minutes and (20.0±3.8)ml. The anteroposterior X-ray of the shoulder joint showed good reduction and fixation at 1 week, 3 months and 6 months after surgery. MRI T1 image at 6 months after surgery showed locally evenly distributed high signal, suggesting that the fracture was healed well. The values of VAS were (3.2±0.4)points, (2.5±0.5)points, and (0.7±0.3)points at 3, 6 months after surgery and at the last follow-up, which were lower than (7.2±0.6)points preoperatively; the values of Constant joint shoulder score were (53.2±5.3)points, (81.1±4.4)points, and (92.8±5.3)points, which were higher than (42.3±7.6)points preoperatively; the values of ASES score were (55.6±3.6)points, (77.1±3.2)points, and (90.8±3.5)points, which were higher than (45.8±4.2)points preoperatively; the active abduction angles were (60.5±2.5)°, (107.8±6.6)°, and (168.5±3.5)°, which were higher than (18.3±3.3)°preoperatively; the active lateral external rotation angles were (25.8±2.5)°, (30.8±2.2)°, and (63.8±2.8)°, which were higher than (15.6±3.2)°preoperatively ( P<0.05 or 0.01). The level of active internal rotation was L 5, L 1, and T 10, which was better than S 3 before surgery. The VAS, Constant shoulder joint score, ASES score, active abduction and active external rotation were significantly improved at the last follow-up compared with those at 3, 6 months after surgery (all P<0.05), with markedly improved level of active internal rotation. No major complications such as infection, instability of the shoulder joint or acromial impingement were found after surgery. Conclusion:Shoulder arthroscopic balance point compaction with cross suture-bridge technique for the treatment of avulsion fracture of the greater tuberosity of the humerus has advantages of decreased intraoperative blood loss, good reduction and healing, shoulder pain relief, early restoration of shoulder function and mobility, and few complications.