In vivo,dendritic cells(DCs)are the most powerful antigen-presenting cells (APCs).DCs based neoplasm immunotherapy has recently become the focus of research.DCs can be used not only as separate cell vaccine to mediate anti-tumor immunity,but can also be combined with cytokines,immune cells,and other methods in tumor immunotherapy. In animal models and clinical trials,DC-based immunotherapy as well as other tumor immunotherapy strategies have gained more significant progress.

Dendritic cells(DCs) are the most potent antigen presenting cells,which play a vital role in the initiation of immune response by presenting antigens to T cells and followed by induction of T-cell response.This established function of dendritic cells has attracted much attention in efforts to develop useful vaccines for the treatment of cancer.In several studies,DCs were genetically engineered by tumor-associated antigens or by immune molecules such as costimulatory molecules,cytokines,and chemokines.These new DC vaccines are more powerful in stimulating anti-tumor immunity.This review focuses on DC gene modifications for enhancing the multiple effector functions of DC,a variety of transferred genes,and recent clinical trials.

For more than a century, surgical treatment of gastric cancer is always a subject of debate, es-pecially for the extent of lymph nodes dissection for advanced gastric cancer (AGC). In this article, we re-viewed the advances on lymph node excision in AGC.

Gastrointestinal cancers are the most common types of malignant tumors in Human Beings.The main treatment remains surgery resection,in addition to which,adjunctive therapies are far not satisfactory for the target of which are not specific.Dendritic cells cancer vaccine is one of the most promising immunotherapy ways developed in the decades and some results have showed that the vaccines may help in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.Till now,there is no recognized standard in the design of the vaccine and no positive correlations between the immunologic effect and clinical prognosis are showed,but we believe that with the further research in the immunological mechanism and the use of new designed methods,dendritic cells cancer vaccines will play a greater role in the treatment of malignant tumors.

Obviously pathophysiologic changes will appear with patients undergoing total gastrectomy.The changes will influence the long-term prognosis and quality of life of the patient.Regulation of food intake,enterokinesia and metabolism of nutritions will alter after the operation.These will lead to many postoperative complications,such as early dumpling syndrome(EDS),reflux of esophagitis,dyspepsia and malabsorption of the nutrients.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells are a heterogeneous population of early myeloid progenitors,immature granulocytes,macrophages,and dendritic cells at different stages of differentiation.These cells have the capacity to suppress both the innate immunity response mediated by the cytotoxic natural killer cells and natural killer T cells,and the adaptive immune response mediated by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.In addition,myeloid-derived suppressor cells have close links with macrophages,dendritic cells,regulate T cells and so on,and also play an important role in the process of tumor progression.

Natural killer T(NKT) cells are a heterogeneous group T cells that share properties of both natural killer cells and T cells,play an important role in tumor immunity.Related researches have confirmed that actived NKT cells can inhabit tumor progress,but activated NKT cells commonly become anergic for some unknown reasons after a short time.This article reviews researches on the possible mechanisms and solutions to NKT cells anergy.

Objective To observe the influence of early postoperative enteral feeding on gastrointestinal motility after subtotal gastrectomy. Methods From December 1999 to February 2001,18 patients with advanced gastric cancer who had underwent gastrectomy were randomly allocated into enteral nutrition(EN) group ( n =9) and control group( n =9). The migrating motor complex (MMC) was recorded by Synectics MicroDigitrapper antroduodenal manometry and data was analyzed by Polygram software. Results MMC disappeared after subtotal gastrectomy in all patients,the first MMC recurred from 34 mins to 4 hours after the operation,while there was no significant difference between two groups. However,MMC in EN group was different from those in normal group which was lack of phase -Ⅱ at the early postoperative stage,the variation of MMC trended to become normal during 72 hours of consecutive observation. Compared with control group,the duration of MMC-phase-Ⅲ,area under the curve,transmit speed and motility index were different in EN group. Conclusion Early postoperative enteral feeding can help re-build the normal gastrointestinal motility .Further studies about patients' selections and nutrition preparations are needed.

Objective:To clarify the essence of hospital equipment management and propose the task and development trend of information management need to be accomplished, and solve the bottleneck problem of system design, which is always focused on the process of hospital equipment information management promotion in our country.Methods: Comprehensively analyzed daily work of hospital equipment management, and designed a new dual core equipment information system architecture, which was ex purchasing + post purchasing dual core architecture.Results: Based on the new architecture, the hospital equipment information system can cover the entire equipment management workflow, and it made information transmission between jobs more efficiently, cooperation more closely, responsibilities more clearly, constraint more effectively.Conclusion:The new system architecture emphasizes the role of collective labor. It depends on all the members of the equipment department to work together for the goal of achieving dynamic and full life-cycle equipment management.

Objective To design a new cancer vaccine by using alpha-galactosylceramide (α-Galcer,α-GC) loaded tumor cells in combination with TLR 9 ligand and to evaluate its therapeutic effects on colon canc-er in mice.Methods MC38 cells were transfected with lentivirus (GFP-CD1d) to prepare CD1d-MC38 cells. The expression of CD1d molecules in CD1d-MC38 cells was detected by fluorescence microscopy , RT-PCR and flow cytometry.The sorted CD1d-MC38 cells were loaded with α-Galcer to prepare CD1d-MC38/α-GC complex. Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the efficiency of combination .A mouse model of colon cancer was es-tablished to investigate the therapeutic effects of α-Galcer loaded tumor cells in combination with TLR 9 ligand ( CD1d-MC38/α-GC+CpG1826) on colon cancer in mice by analyzing tumor growth and mice survival time .Im-munohistochemical staining was used to detect CD 4+T and CD8+T infiltrating lymphocytes in tumor tissues .Re-sults The MC38 cancer cells that expressed CD 1d and GFP were successfully constructed , among which 98.10%±2.53%were positive for CD1d.Moreover, the CD1d-MC38 cells could combine with α-Galcer effec-tively in a dose and time dependent manner .Compared with PBS treated group ,α-GC treated group and TLR9 ligand treated group , the experimental vaccine strategy was sufficient to inhibit the growth of established tumors and prolong survival of tumor-bearing mice (P<0.01).Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that levels of CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells in experiment group were significantly higher than those in groups treated with PBS,α-GC and TLR9 ligand (P<0.01).Conclusion CD1d-MC38/α-GC in combination with CpG1826 could efficiently inhibit the growth of established tumors and prolong survival of tumor-bearing mice .Immunohisto-chemistry analysis revealed that CD 4+T cells and CD8+T cells played important roles in anti-tumor immunity.